¿Se acuerdan de los refranes?

Perro que ladra, no muerdeMás vale pájaro en mano que cien volandoA caballo regalado no se le mira los dientesEn boca cerrada no entran moscasMás vale tarde que nuncaDime con quien andas y te diré quien eres.Camarón que se duerme se lo lleva la corriente.Mas vale prevenir que curar.No es oro todo lo que reluce.No hay mal que por bien no venga

Trabalenguas

• De Tin Marín de Don Pinguey…• Pablito clavó un clavito…• Si Pancha plancha …• Paco Peco

Gramática para el examen final:

• Gustar/ le cae bien• D&IOPs• Reflexives• Ir+a+infinitive/ en vez de +inf/ tener

ganas de• Más..que/menos…que/tan…como• Present perfect• Imperfect (all of them)• Preterite (all forms)

Gustar

• The weird verb!

• Me gusta/n =I like it/them• Te gusta/n =you like it/them• Le gusta/n =he/she/usted likes

it/them• Nos gusta/n =we like it/them• Les gusta/n =they/you guys like

it/them

With verb/s -like to do something___ gusta + infinitive

I like to work and study.

Do you like to read?

He likes to read novels

We like to throw trash through the windows

They like to talk about politics .

With a noun -like something___ gusta + noun

I like that good-looking guy.

Do you like the birthday cake?

She likes the Drama class.

We like the movie.

They like basketball.

With a plural noun___ gustan + plural noun

• I like hamburgers.

• Do you like tall girls.

• Does he like sandwiches?

• We like fancy cars.

• They like girls.

Negative “likings”‘no’ before the pronoun!

I do not like that song.

You don’t like the song?

Carla doesn’t like her hippo.

We do not likr homework

They do not like their mother’s food.

Yo gusto

Never ever, ever use it!

It does not exist.

NEVER use yo with gustar• It is always just• ‘me gusta..”

Or

• “A mí, me gusta…”

¿Hemos entendido?:

• Write down one thing you like and one you don’t like.

Direct object pronoun

• Me, te, lo, la, nos, los, las• Who/what receives the action of the verb.I saw you. I saw, whom?Te vi.We didn’t see them. We didn’t see, whom?Nosotros no los vimosI did my homework. I did, what?

My grandparents visited us. They visited Whom?

Spanish v. English

me /mέ/ me /mi/te youlo it, himla it, her nos uslos them (masc.)las them (fem.)

¿Entendiste? ¡Ahora tú!

¿Cómo lo dices en español? Reemplaza el DON (direct object noun) por el

DOP (direct object pronoun) REMEMBER: English is backwards! 1. He put his dog in the box.

2. The girl makes fun of the boy.

3. They mistreated the dogs.

4. Do you know my fiancé?

5. The students won a scholarship.

IOPs -Indirect Object Pronouns

• Me, te, le, nos, les

• Who the action is directed towards

• They threw him the ball

• him is the IOP because the ball was thrown to him.

Spanish v. English

• Me /mέ/ me /mi/

• Te you

• Le him/her

• Nos us

• Les them/you guys

She gave a chocolate. Ella dio un chocolate.She gave me a chocolate. Ella me dio un chocolate.

• You use me because the chocolate was given to me.

• What if the chocolate was given to us? Then…

Ellos nos dieron un chocolate.

• You use nos because the gift was given to us.

You said “hi,” to her.

In english you place the indirect object after the verb.

…y en español:

Tú le dijiste “hola” a la chica.

The direct object goes before the verb

¿Qué pronombre usarías?

We bought them a new car.

Nosotros ___ compramos un coche nuevo.

A. Me B. te C. le D. nos E. les

Ahora, D and IOPDirect Obj. prons. Indirect Obj. Prons.

me Mete tela, lo lenos noslos, las lesMoreover, when we have any combination of the following pronouns, we get= selalo + le = selas leslos

Example:The children give an apple to the teacher.Los niños le dan una manzana a la profesora.

•Now if we have to replace both, direct (green word) and indirect object (blue word), then this sentence will be like this:

Los niños se la dan por el dia del maestro.

•…and the pronouns go before the verb: indirect, direct and verb.

…because • the combination of indirect pronoun: le or les and direct pronouns: la, lo, las or los implies a change of le or les to se.

• That’s why it is NOT: Los niños le la dan*, but Los niños se la dan.

•…and the pronouns go before the verb in the following order: indirect, direct and verb.

*wrong sentence

Ahora es tu turno. ¿Cómo serían la siguientes oraciones en español?

1. Her mother bought her a gift. She bought it at Wal-Store.

2. They give a car to their parents. They gave it to them for their anniversary

3. Why don’t you assign us homework. Give it to us for the summer, please.

Reflexivos

• In Spanish there are lots of verbs just like in English.

• For example, take the verb llamar

Llamar = to call

• Yo llamo =I call

• Tú llamas =You call

• Él/ella/usted llama =He/she calls

• Nosotros llamamos =We call

• Ellos/ellas/ustedes llaman =They call

But what if I want to say I call myself?

• You need a reflexive pronoun! They make verbs directed (or reflected back) at the person doing the action

Me =myselfTe =yourselfSe =himself/herselfNos=ourselvesSe =themselves

So instead of just llamo (I call) yo can say“me llamo…” =I call myself…

or“te llamas..” =He calls himself

or“se llaman…” =They call themselves

Sooo, the reflexive verbs changes the meaning of the verb! “To call” became “to call oneself” or basically say “My name is.”

Examples of changes

poner =to putex: “Puso el coche en la cochera”ponerse=to put on oneself“Me pongo la ropa”/ se ponía más fuerte

Levantar =to liftex: “Voy a levantar el lápiz del suelo”levantarse =to lift oneself“Me levanté a las siete hoy”.

Some verbs you only use in their reflexive form because you do them

for yourselfdespertarse darse cuentabañarse caerseducharse sentirseafeitarse sentarsevestirse darse prisacepillarse desmayarseacostarse llenarse los ojos de…engordarse adelgazarse

Más reflexivos, Hurrah! • asustarse• reírse a

carcajadas• casarse• burlarse• Meterse• quedarse• enamorarse• enojarse

• enfermarse• morirse• tropezarse• ponerse• lastimarse• quejarse• acercarse• volverse loco/a

Conjugation: bañarse

PRESENT PRETERITE IMPERFECTOMe baño me bañé me bañabaTe bañas te bañaste te

bañabasSe baña se bañó se bañabaNos bañamos nos bañamos nos bañábamosSe bañan se bañaron se

bañaban

¡Ahora es tu turno!

• Write three things you did this morning as part of your daily routine using reflexive verbs.

El futuro familiarIr+a+infinitive

• This is how we say that someone is going to do something

• Ir=to go• A = to• Verb =what the person will do!

IR (present tense)

• Yo voy• Tú vas• Él/ella/usted va• Nosotros/nosotras vamos• Ellos/ellas/ustedes van

Examples

Voy a comer mi ensalada. ¿Vas a bailar un tango? Va a graduarse este año.Vamos a viajar a Francia.¿Van a besar a su perro o gato hoy?

Are going to…

What if we use it with iba?

• Iba a comer mi ensalada• ¿Ibas a bailar un tango?• Iba a graduarse este año.• Íbamos a viajar a Francia.• ¿Iban a besar a su perro o gato hoy?

• Was going to…

Ahora tú

• Write 3 things you are going to do in the summer, in Spanish, por supuesto.

¡Comparaciones!

• Más…que = more…thanEl agua es más saludable que una soda. • Menos…que = less…thanCreo que los tacos son menos sabrosos

que las enchiladas.

• Tan…como = as…asTu diálogo fue tan interesante como el

mío.

In the first example, we are comparing water and soda; therefore, those could vary. We are also saying that it is healthy, which is an adjective, so this adjective could vary also.

What are we comparing on the second and third examples?What is the quality –adjective- we are comparing?

What else we should be careful with?Yes, agreement.

If we are talking about tacos, then we say: son and also: sabrosos because they are masculine plural. ¿Verdad?

So. what if I compare your blouse and my blouse and say that your blouse is less pretty than mine? What would you say? En español, por supuesto.

Now, compare “el cine” y “la television”

Ahora, un ratón y una cucaracha

Of course, agreement also applies to: mas…que,

Menos…que, and tan …como.

…plus to: Yo, tú, Ud, él, ella, nosotros, ustedes, etc…

anything or anyone we would like to compare.

So, how would these sentences be?

• “You are as tall as…”• “I am shorter than…”• “We are as cool as…”• They are less nice than…”

Be careful with subject/verb/adjectiveagreement!•Nosotros somos más chidos que esos vagabundos allá.•Subject: masc/pl; verb: plural and adjective: masc/pl

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Spanish would be boring if it did not have “irregularities”, verdad?

So, there are a few with comparissons.

Examples:We do not say: bueno más buenomalo más malo

but we say:bueno mejormalo peor We also say: older=mayor; younger=menor

Present Perfect

The tense we use when we want to say that someone has done something!

• He I have…• Has You have …• Ha He/she has…• Hemos We have…• Han They/you guys have…

What about the “something”?

• Remember the secret formula?

• Take a verb (bailar)• Take off last two letters (bail)

• Add -ado or -ido

• How do you know which to add?

Remember

• -ado is for -ar verbs (bailar/llamar)– Bailado (danced)– Llamado (called)

• -ido is for -er/-ir verbs (comer/salir)– Comido (eaten)– Salido (left)

¡Ojo!

• Watch out for irregulars!

• Hecho =done (hacer)• Puesto =put (poner)• Leído =read (leer)• Escrito =written (escribir)• Cubierto=covered (cubrir)• Visto =seen (ver)• Dicho =said (decir)• Muerto =died (morir)• Roto = broken(romper)

Write 3 things you have achieved so far in your young life.

Examples:He escalado el Everest.He visto la luna desde mi ventana.He escrito muchos text messages in Spanishclass.

Preterite• Just like in English, when different

people do an action, the verb changes slightly depending on who is doing the action.

• I run• He runs

Tenses

• As the verbs change slightly depending on who does the action. They also change a little when they are put in a different tense.

• I run

• I ran

Spanish!

• In English there is no set pattern for the past tense, but luckily in Spanish there is!

-AR Verbs: Pretérito

Example: COMPRAR

Take off the -ar and add:

Yo -é

Tú -aste

Él/Ella/Usted -ó

Nosotros -amos

Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes -aron

• Compré• Compraste• Compró• Compramos• Compraron

-ER/-IR Verbs: Pretérito

Examples:Take off the -er/-ir and

add:Yo -íTú -

isteÉl/Ella/Usted -ióNosotros -

imosEllos/Ellas/Ustedes -ieron

Comí SalíComiste SalisteComió SalióComimos SalimosComieron Salieron

Comer salir(to eat) (to leave/to go out)

decir/hacer/ir/ver =irregular in preterite

Yo dijeTú dijisteÉl & Co. dijoNosotros

dijimosEllos & Co. dijeron

Yo vi

Tú viste

Él & Co. vio

Nosotrosvimos

Ellos & Co. vieron

Yo hiceTú hicisteÉl & Co. hizoNosotros hicimosEllos & Co. Hicieron

Yo fuiTú fuisteÉl & Co. fueNosotros

fuimosEllos & Co. fueron

Más verbos irregulares en el pretéritoPoner/poder/estar/tener

Yo puse pude estuveTú pusiste pudiste estuvisteUd./él/ella puso pudo estuvoNosotros/as pusimos pudieron estuvieronUstedes/ellos/as pusieron pudieron esuvieron

But, as we very well know..

• In Spanish there are TWO past tenses!

• One for things that happen in a specific time frame. (preterite)

• The other is used for descriptions, emotions, and things that are more vague and seen as not completed in the past

• It is called the…

Imperfect!

• Remember the -aba and -ía endings!

-aba (-ar verbs)

Yo -aba

Tú -abas

Él/ella/usted -aba

Nosotros/nosotras -ábamos

Ellos/ellas/ustedes -aban

Yo hablaba

Tú hablabas

Él hablaba

Nosotros hablábamos

Ellos hablaban

Example: hablar

-ía endings (-er/-ir verbs)

Yo -íaTú -íasÉl/ella/usted -íaNosotros/nosotras -íamosEllos/ellas/ustedes -ían

Yo salíaTú salíasÉl & Co. salíaNosotros

salíamosEllos & Co. salían

Example: salir

Irregulars: ser/ir/ver

Yo era iba veíaTú eras ibas veíasUd./él/ella/ era iba veíaNosotros éramos íbamos

veíamosUstedes/ellos/ellas eran iban veían