1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
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1963 2013
NM MI NM NHN LI
TP II
Tuyn tp ca 99 tc gi
v nhng li Ph phn ca 100 Chng nhn
v ch Ng nh Dim
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
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1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
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Thomas Ahern, Jr. V Bng o Vn Bnh Nguyn
Vn Bng Peter Brush Nguyn Tr Cm Nhm
Caravelle Niguel Cawthorn V Ng Chiu V
Hong Chng L Cung Tiu Dn Ng Dip Cao
Th Dung L Nguyn Diu Trn Quang Diu Trn
Quc i Phan Quang n Chnh o Cao Hu
in Lng Hu nh Trn Kim on Trn Vn
n Phan Lc Giang ng Gp Gi Bobby Ghosh
Nguyn Phan Hong L Mnh Hng Nguin Ngu
KHHB Bi Kha Nguyn Kha Vn Xa H S
Khu Bo Quc Kim Phan K Php Lc Trn
Lm Thi Kim Lan Nguyn Lang Nguyn Hin L
Lchsvitnam.info Trn Hng Lin Khc H
Linh Trnh B Lc Hng Quc Lc L Nguyn
Long Chnh Lun Phm Trng Lut V Ti Lc
Nguyn Ly Avro Manhattan Honh Linh Mu
Minh Khng V Vn Mu Trn Chung Ngc nh
Nguyn Minh Nguyn L Chn Nhn L ng
Nhin Qun Nh Trn Ngc Nhun Hong Nguyn
Nhun L Xun Nhun O.V.V. James Olsen
Lloyd Phm Nguyn Hu Phim Nguyn K Phong
Trn Gia Phng Nguyn Phng L Qun Phng
Qun Nguyn Mnh Quang V Vn Su Nguyn
Tng Tm Minh Tn Nguyn Thi L Quang
Thi Nguyn Hy Thn Minh Thnh Nguyn Tng
Thit Cao Huy Thun Ng nh Thc Vn Th
Trn Vn Thng Trn Tam Tnh Ng c Trit
Nguyn Vn Trung Nguyn Quc Tun Nguyn
Tng Phm Tng H Hu Tng Trn Th
Vnh Tng L Tuyn Phm Qu Vinh
VirtualArchivist VTruong Huyn V Hn Phong
Quc V Nguyn Hnh Hoi Vy Erich Wulff v
Li ph phn ch Ng nh Dim ca 100 Nhn chng
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
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1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
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DN NHP
Na th k trc y, ti min Nam Vit Nam, mt bin c bi
hng lm chao nghing lch s v tr thnh mt trong nhng du
n quan trng trong dng sinh mnh dn tc vo h bn th k th hai
mi. Bin c l s sp ca ch c ti Ng nh Dim,
ko theo s ph sn ca mt sch lc ci o cp quc gia
ca Cng gio La M ti min Nam Vit Nam.
1963 2013! Nm mi nm tri qua Mt na th k l
khong thi gian di c th sot xt v suy nghim xem t bin
c ta rt ra c nhng bi hc lch s g. Tuy nhin, trong
nc, t lu, khng c mt cng trnh quy m no nghin cu v
trnh by mt cch ton din, nghim tc v cp nht hn v ch
Ng nh Dim. Cn hi ngoi, mt vi tr thc Cng gio c n
lc xt li bn cht v thnh qu ca ch ny, nhng v phi
mo ha lch s bin minh cho chy ti nn nhng tc
phm ca h va khng c gi tr lch s va thiu tiu chun tr thc.
Trong tnh hnh , s hnh thnh Tuyn Tp ny l mt ng
thi tr thc ch yu nhm ng gp vo 4 n lc:
1. Th nht l c kt li thnh mt chng liu lch s t c hai gc chng nhn v vn bn, ng gp thm vo vic kin
ton cc nghin cu tng lai v ch Ng nh Dim.
2. Th nh l lm sng t mt s ng nhn dy ln v nhng bin ng sau trn t nc ta, khin s tht v tnh b
bin dng ng sau nhng lng knh v bi m do mt s ngi
Vit v ngi nc ngoi v tnh hay c to ra.
3. Th ba l nhn din phn bin mt s xuyn tc v mo ha lch s ca tn d ch Ng nh Dim ti hi ngoi
ang tm cch nh tro s tht chy ti qu kh. N lc ny
c th l m mu, di hnh thc ny hay hnh thc khc,
thit lp mt ch Dim khng Dim trong tng lai ti
Vit Nam. iu bt hnh ny, nu xy ra, th s ch v li ch ca mt thiu s gio quyn m i ngc li li ch ca ton
th Dn tc.
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
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4. V th t l n lc trao gi mt bi hc cho th h tng lai cnh gic h ng bao gi cho mt ch nh ch Dim
xut hin trn qu hng ta na.
V bn l do k trn, Tuyn Tp ny s khng c bn m
ch in vi mt s lng gii hn gi tng nhng c nhn hoc nh
ch no nghin cu ch ny m thi.
Trong qu trnh hnh thnh Tuyn Tp, vic thu thp ti liu
(m a s c ph bin rng ri trn Internet t nhiu nm qua)
v lin lc vi cc tc gi xin php l mt iu v cng kh khn, hu nh l bt kh thi nn xin cc tc gi thng cm v rng lng tha
th. Nht l khi c mt s t bi vit xut x t trong nc v/hoc c ph bin (trn bo giy) t trc 1975. Cho nn 122 bi vit
ca 99 tc gi, v 100 li nhn nh v ch Ng nh Dim trong
Tuyn Tp ny, d ch l mt s lng rt nh trong hng ni ti liu
c trong ln ngoi nc, nhng c l cng nhn din c
nguyn nhn, m t c bn cht v nh gi c cng ti ca ch
ny ri.
Ni dung cc bi vit c phn b thnh 8 Chng l d
truy cu theo tng ch hn l theo mt cu trc trnh by nht nh
no . V v Tuyn Tp di hn mt ngn su trm trang nn s
c chia thnh 3 Tp, pht hnh trong nm 2013 nh du mc
50 nm nhn li. Cui cng, chng ti xin trn trng cm t nhng tc gi c
bi trong Tuyn Tp 1963-2013 Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li ny.
Nhng tc gi , mt hay cn sng, a s l nhng chng
nhn v cng l, trong nhiu trng hp, nhng nn nhn, cho
nn ting ni ca h th trung thc, cn c ph bin rng ri v bo
lu lu di.
Trn trng,
Nh Xut bn Thien Tri Thuc Publications
P.O. Box 4805
Garden Grove, CA.92842-4805 - USA
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
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MC LC
Dn Nhp..5
Mc lc.7
TP I
Chng Mt - TI T TNG
H Phi dn tc th th no cng Phn dn tc
Nguyn Mnh Quang - Trn Th Vnh Tng - L Nguyn Diu
Trn Tam Tnh - Nguyn Hnh Hoi Vy - V Ng Chiu - Ng
nh Thc - Vn Th - Chnh o
Chng Hai V U NN NI
on trng ai c qua cu mi hay
Trn Lm - V Vn Mu - Nguyn Hy Thn - H Hu Tng -
Cao Th Dung - Nhm Caravelle - L Xun Nhun - Trn Vn
n - O.V.V - Ng Dip - Nguyn Phng - Phan Lc Giang
ng - Trn Ngc Nhun - V Vn Su - Nguyn Hin L - Huyn V - V Bng - Phan Quang n - Tp ch Gp Gi s 112,
7-2-2003 - Trnh B Lc - Phm Tng - Virtualarchivis - Bobby
Ghosh - Phm Trng Lut - Nguin Ngu - Virtualarchivis -
Nguyn Hu Phim - Khc H Linh - Nguyn Tng Tm - V
Hong Chng - Trn Vn Thng - Ng c Trit - L ng Nhin - Honh Linh Mu - L Chn Nhn
Chng Ba CHNG NHN LCH S
Nghn nm bia ming vn cn tr tr
Ph phn ch Ng nh Dim ca 100 Chng nhn
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
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TP II
Chng Bn - BNH XE LCH S
Thin thi a li Nhn ha
1- Nhn xt v Hin php Nht Cng Ha Nguyn Vn Bng .....13
2- Trch on Hi k ln ra Hu L Xun Nhun .....16
3- Vi nt v C Dim Trn Chung Ngc ..............34
4- Nam Vit Nam c tn ti c khng? (Is South Vietnam viable?), Nguyn Thi .....59
5- Cuc Cch mng 1-11-1963 Honh Linh Mu .....63
6- Cuc Cch mng ngy 1-11-1963 (Nguyt san Minh Tn 25-11-1963), Hi Khng hc Vit Nam .....116
7- Hai yu t Cng gio v M trong bin c 1-11-1963 Honh Linh Mu ...119
8- Cuc o chnh 1-11-1963 v ci cht ca ng Dim L Mnh Hng ....150
9- Ngy tn ca nn c ti Cng gio (Vietnam - Why Did We Go?, Chng 15), Avro Manhattan ...164
10- Khc quanh Lch s Nguin Ngu .......171
11- Nhn s v Hi ng Nhn s Nguyn Hu Ng / Nguyn Vn Trung......177
12- Cch mng ri li Cch mng Nht bo Chnh Lun 22-7-1964 ....182
13- Thng trm ca Rng Phu nhn Trn L Xun Peter Brush .....183
14- B Nhu v Lun hi qu bo KHHB .....198
Chng Nm - MA GIA BAN NGY
Nhng ngy bin v tro tr lch s ca tn d ch Dim
15- B tri chic M ay Phan K .207
16- Tr li s tht cho lch s Vtruong2602 .....213
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
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17- u Hng Vn Xa H S Khu ....217
18- Nhn xt v bi vit Cn thm nh li ca Tn Tht Thin, Nguyn Mnh Quang ...223
19- Lm th no dng ng mt nhn vt lch s, i y James Scott, Trn Lm ......269
20- Mt on duy nht trong bi Phng vn ng Cao Xun V, Trn Quang Diu....................................279
21- Ai ta quyn ND v Bang giao M-Vit ca Phm Vn Lu, Nguyn Phan Hong ... 289
22- Bn v Ng nh Nhu: Nh Tin tri L Xun Nhun ....296
23- Chut chy cng so Nguyn Tr Cm ...302
24- Chin thng b b l hay Chin thng c tng tng, Hng Quc Lc ....306
25- Chung quanh lot bi Nhng Xuyn tc v Ng nhn v Pht gio Vit Nam, L Qun ....345
26- Pht biu v Bin ng Min Trung v Hu i ! Oan nghit, nh Nguyn v Bo Quc Kim ....370
27- Xuyn tc v Cuc t thiu ca HT Thch Qung c Php Lc v Nguyn Kha .....385
28- Ph hoi Tng bo: Th on c ca ch ngha Ng nh Dim mi, Minh Thnh .............427
29- S tht v Ch Dim: Nhng xuyn tc ca Kiu Vnh Phc v Nguyn Vn Lc, L Nguyn Diu .431
30- Li D s 10 Trn Gia Phng ....444
31- Nim tin v Tm thn L Nguyn Diu ...450
32- S tht v ci cht ca Nht Linh Nguyn Tng Thit ....454
33- Cuc Chin du S tht Lloyd Phm ......488
34- Johnson gi Dim l thng nhi hay Gian xo trong khi dch xuyn tc lch s, L Xun Nhun............492
35- Tng thng Kennedy gi anh em ng Dim l Bn ch
James S. Olsen ..501
36- Minh Xc: Lm Sng T hay Xuyn tc, ba t?
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
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Chnh o V Ng Chiu ...............506
37- Hin tng Zit S: L Giang v nhng Cng trnh Kho cu Chn chnh, Trn Quc i .516
TP III
Chng Su KIM CNG BT HOI
Hoa sen trong bin la
Avro Manhattan - V Ng Chiu - V Ti Lc - Nguyn Lang -
Erich Wulff Qun Nh Phm Vn Minh - Chnh o - L Cung -
Hong Nguyn Nhun - Trn Kim on - Erich Wulff - Minh
Nguyn - Hn Phng Quc V - Lng Hu nh - L Quang
Thi - Cao Hu in - Nguyn Ly - Thi Kim Lan - o Vn Bnh
- Trn Chung Ngc - Cao Huy Thun
Chng By - LA T BI
Gi ht la vo xng da b ng
Lichsuvietnam.info - Phm Qu Vinh - Nguyn Quc Tun - Minh
Khng V Vn Mu - L Cung - Trn Hng Lin V Ng Chiu
Chng Tm - GI LI NGHN SAU
Suy nghim v mt s bi hc lch s
L Nguyn Long - Quang Phc V Vn Su - Qun Nh - Nguyn
Kha - Bi Kha - Thomas Ahern, Jr / Nguyn K Phong - Cao Huy
Thun - Su tm ca L Xun Nhun - Nigel Cawthorne - Tiu
Dn - Phng Qun - L Nguyn Diu
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
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Chng Bn
BNH XE LCH S
Thin thi a li Nhn ha
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NHN XT CA
GIO S NGUYN VN BNG
V HIN PHP NHT CNG HA
Nguyn Vn Bng
LUT HIN-PHP V CHNH TR
HC
(L thuyt i cng th gii chnh tr hin
i) Nm th Nht C nhn Lut khoa
1966, Trang 327
MC II
CH- NG-NH-DIM (1955 1963)
Sau khi trut ph Bo i v tp trung quyn lc trong tay, Ng
nh Dim pht ng chin dch loi tr cc on th c lp v ng
thi to mt t-chc chnh-tr bn chnh thc mnh danh l Phong-
tro Cch-Mng Quc-Gia. V ngy 4-3-1956 mt cuc tng-tuyn-
c bu Quc-Hi Lp-Hin. Sau mt thi-gian tho-lun, d-n Hin-
php c Quc-hi lp-hin chung-quyt ngy 20-10-1956 v ngy
26-10-1956 Tng-thng Ng nh Dim ban-hnh Hin-php Vit-
Nam Cng-Ho, nh du mt giai-on lch-s chnh-tr Vit-Nam.
Chng ta s ln lt phn-tch v nhn xt Hin-php ny.
on 1: PHN-TCH HIN-PHP 26-10-1956
.
on 2: NHN-XT
Hin-php 1956 - thot tin c th xem l mt bn vn qui
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nh r rt thm quyn cc c-quan quc-gia v ng thi n nh
nhng mi tng quan thc t hu p ng vi nhu cu ca thi cuc.
Tuy nhin nhn k li nhng iu kin cu to bn Hin-php cng
mt s iu khon c bit, chng ta c th qu quyt rng ch qui
nh bi Hin php 1956 l mt ch- quyn uy, khung cnh ca
mt s chm n c-ti c-nhn trong thc-t.
A) Trc nht ngi ta c th t hi v l do g m nh Lp-
hin ng thun cho ng kim Tng-Thng (tc l Ng nh Dim)
s l Tng-Thng u tin theo Hin-Php Vit-Nam Cng-Ho? Khi
m t chc c mt cuc trng cu dn v mt cuc tng tuyn c
bu Quc-hi lp-hin th ngi ta khng hiu v sao li khng t-
chc c mt cuc bu c Tng-Thng chiu theo Bn Hin-Php
mi. S kin ny chng t s thiu tinh-thn dn-ch ca ng
kim Tng-Thng.
B) Nhn xt th hai lin quan n iu 98: Trong nhim k
lp-php u tin (tc t 1956 n 1959) Tng-Thng c th tm
nh ch s s-dng nhng quyn t-do i li v c ng, t-do ngn
lun v bo ch, t do hi-hp v lp hi, t do nghip-on v nh-
cng tha-mn nhng i hi ch ng ca an ton chung, trt-t
cng-cng v Quc-Phng.
Mt cu nh th xo b ht Thin th ba (t iu 30 n iu
47) ca bn Hin-php! V chnh v nhng quyn rng nh vy m
ch- Ng-nh-Dim c phng-tin loi tr cc on th
quc-gia c-lp, pht ng phong-tro suy-tn m ng cho
mt ch- c-ti c-nhn.
C) Nhn xt th ba lin quan n ch Tng-Thng. Mt s
bnh-lun gia, khi ph-bnh Hin-php 1956, kt-lun rng Hin-php
ny thit-lp Tng-Thng-ch theo kiu Hoa-K. y l mt khuynh-
hng ti quan-trng cn phi xt li v s tht bi ca ch- Ng
nh Dim lm nhiu ngi tng rng ch- c-ti l hu qa tt
nhin ca ch- Tng-Thng. Tht ra Tng-Thng ch Vit-Nam
nm 1956 khng phi l Tng-Thng-ch Hoa-K. Trong lc Hin-
php Hoa-K c gi th qun bnh gia cc quyn c thit-lp, c
im ca h-thng t-chc chnh-quyn theo Hin-php 1956 l u-
th qu mc ca Tng-Thng. V u-th ny c th hin qua
nhng quyn hnh ca Tng-Thng v nht l s can thip tch cc
ca Hnh-php vo lnh vc lp-php.
Tht vy, ngay iu khon th ba chng ta nhn thy Tng
thng lnh-o quc-gia. Tng-Thng b-nhim v cch chc cc
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s thn cng cng chc cao cp khng cn kin ca Quc-hi.
Tri vi nguyn-tc phn-nhim m iu 3 ghi r l Nguyn tc
phn-nhim gia hnh-php v lp-php phi r rt. Hin-php
1956 dnh cho Tng Thng quyn k sc lut gia hai kha hp
Quc-hi, quyn k sc-lnh tuyn-b tnh-trng khn-cp, bo-ng
hoc gii-nghim.
Mt s tp trung qu mc quyn hnh cng s th-tiu i-lp
v s hin-din ca mt chnh ng duy-nht a ch- Ng-
nh-Dim ln ln i n mt ch- quyn-hnh c-nhn p-
dng nhng phng-tin chuyn-ch m ting sng ngy 1-11-
1963 a vo d-vng.
NGUYN VN BNG
Thc s Cng Php
Gio s thc th Lut khoa i hc Sigon
Vin trng Hc-Vin Quc-gia Hnh-chnh
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
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TRCH ON HI K LN RA HU
L Xun Nhun
TIN-S HONG MAI THM
Ln ny ra Hu ti ngu-nhin gp li Hong Mai Thm, mt
ngi bn thn cch xa nhau t hi ti b tng-xut ra khi Min
Trung.
By gi Thm l gio-s, dy Lut ti Vin i-Hc Si-Gn
v mt s Vin i-Hc khc. Chuyn ny anh ra Hu dy ti Vin
i-Hc Hu.
Khi i ngang qua Bt C c, trc kia l tr-s ca Ty Cnh-
St Thnh-Ph Hu, ni hai chng ti lm vic chung vi nhau
mt thi-gian di, c Thm ln ti u hng mt nhn vo. ,
chng ti c vi nhau rt nhiu k-nim; nhng ci k-nim ng-
xt nht l cuc tranh-lun gia hai chng ti m kt-qu l ti lm
vng gian-trun.
Lc ny, khi mi gp li nhau, Thm ni ngay l anh rt
bun v vic ng tic xy ra cho ti ngy xa. Gi y, c l x-
xa chuyn c, anh ni qua chuyn mi:
Mnh c mi lm Th-Trng, nhng mnh cha nhn.
S tit-l y khin ti suy-ngh nhiu.
Nm 1951, chnh-quyn Quc-Gia Vit-Nam ban-hnh ch
qun-nhim, theo cc vin-chc Cnh-St Cng-An c xem l
cng-chc nn cng b ln-lt ng-vin. Thm vo th-hun ti
Trung-Tm Hun-Luyn S-Quan Tr-B Th c; ti vo lm vic
ti Phng Nm thuc B T-Lnh -Nh Qun-Khu Hu.
Cui nm 1956, mn nhim-k qun-v, ti tr v Ty Cnh-St
Thnh-Ph Hu v c c gi trch-v Trng Phng Hnh-Chnh
kim Trng Phng Hun-Luyn. Ti cng kim-nhim Trng Ban
T-Chc v Thuyt-Trnh-Vin cc Lp Hc-Tp Chnh-Tr v
Cng Dn Gio Dc m ni dung v phng-thc iu-hnh c
ng C-Vn Ng nh Nhu, bo ca Tng-Thng Ng nh Dim,
ch o cho ton-quc.
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
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V li ngnh Cnh-St, theo di tnh-hnh sinh-hot ca mi
gii trn mi lnh-vc ti a-phng, ti mi bit thm, d cha y
, nhng iu chng tai gai mt, v c nhng iu bt-nhn
tht c, do mt s thn-nhn, gia-nhn, v thuc-h ca Dim
gy ra. i vi ng Cn-Lao, i vi o Ky-T, cng nh i vi
c ba Ngnh trong Chnh-Quyn thi -Nht Cng-Ha, h ch l
thiu-s; nhng thiu-s cy th h Ng m git dy cc c-
quan chp-hnh ca ch , p-bc v hm-hi lng dn, hu
tha-mn t-li hoc t-th.
MT BUI L CHO QUC-K
Thu , cc cng-s v qun-c u c l Cho Quc-K vo
lc by gi ri sng mi ngy u tun. Nha Cnh-St Cng-An
Trung-Nguyn Trung-Phn cho nhn-vin trc-thuc sp hng chnh-
t trc sn tr-s Nha nm pht sm hn.
Hm y, ton-th vin-chc hin din u v cng hoang-
mang, v sau k li vi mi ngi s-vic xy ra. Trung-y
Hong t Vng, Trng i Bit ng thuc Ty Cnh-St Thnh-
Ph Hu, em thuc-h n bao vy sn cho c ti Nha v gc chn
trc ng, vo lc ng by gi hai mi lm pht. Vng ra lnh
im danh v ng cng tr-s. Lc , trung-t Trn Vn C v
trung-t Tn Tht Dn, hai Ch-S Phng thuc Nha, va n ni th
b gi li bn ngoi. Vin Gim c Nha y lin ng ra ha s pht
hai vin-chc kia, v xin cho h c vo v cn kp d l cho c.
Nhng vin Trng i thuc Ty -- l mt nhn-vin di quyn v
di nhiu cp -- khng chp-thun. Vng iu-khin l thng-
k, ht quc-ca v suy-tn Ng Tng-Thng, xong ch C v Dn
n bo-co ni-v ln Vn-Phng ca Cu, tc ng C-Vn Ng
nh Cn, bo ca anh em Dim+Nhu.
Vng l mt trong s t nhng phn-t n hu Cu thng-
xuyn.
MT BUI HP T KH
ng Ng nh Cn c mt ngi nh ngh mt ti bi b Thun-
An. V l do an-ninh, ch ny cch xa khu tm b ca ng-bo.
Nhng ngy cui tun vo ma h, Cn thng v cu c gii-tr.
S Cu cu c mt mnh th bun, mt s nhn-vt tn-cn, hoc
mun c thn-cn, bn cng n cu c, mong to bi-cnh
thn-mt cho ng. Tr nhng ngi c ng sai phi hoc gi li
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
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chuyn-tr, s cn li phi chn ch no khng gn ng lm -- v s
nu ng khng cu c c m b k khc ton-ht li cu ginh
vi ng th khn -- ng-thi h cng khng i qu xa, va c
ng nhn mt l mnh cng c tham-gia gip vui cho ng, va chc
phng khi ng gi th nghe m n cho nhanh ko b k khc nhanh
hn th mt c-hi c hu-h ng.
Gim c Nha Cnh-St Cng-An Trung-Phn, ng Lng K
Lch, cng c d phn vo nhng bui cu c nh th.
Hm , Lch mc mt chic o s-mi ct tay c in hnh hoa
bm g . Trn ng v nh thnh-ph, Lch gp vi nhn-vin
thuc Nha, trong s nhng phn-t vo ng.
Thu y, x Hu cn rt n-c. Ngi n phi mc o di mi
c ra phng khch; cc c gip vic d ang lm vic nng, cc ch
bn hng-rong d ang vai gnh hay tay xch, mi khi ra ng u
phi mc o di. Ngi nam th phi nht o trong qun. Vo thi-
gian chuyn ny xy ra, tuy li sng c i mi phn no, x-hi
vn cha chp-nhn cho cc c-nhn danh-gi, nht l cc vin-
chc cao-cp trong chnh-quyn, d l vo ngy ngh v lc i chi,
b o ngoi qun, hoc mc o c sc, c , hoc c in hnh m ngi
dn a-phng gi l o chim c.
Lch b bo-co ln Vn-Phng C-Vn. Vo bui hc-tp
chnh-tr v cng dn gio dc k , s nhn-vin di quyn Lch,
nhng thuc ng dy thn-tn hn, nu v k trn ra hi
ng tho-lun. Mc d vin Gim c ca h nhn li, xin li
mi ngi, v ha v sau s khng ti-phm, sau khi gii-thch l
mnh n mc nh th d li xung nc m bt c cho Cu, s
nhn-vin y vn nng li s-v Lch v thc y cc phn-t khc ln
ting t-co Lch l thiu tc-phong cch-mng, phn nhn-v,
khng chu hc-tp noi gng o c ca Ng Tng-Thng.
Ngi dn x Hu khng qun nhng v t kh vo nhng
ngy u tin ng Ng nh Dim ln cm quyn. Trong mt cuc
mt-tinh ti chng-trng Phu Vn Lu, mt n-cng-chc thuc Nha
Php-Chnh Trung-Phn ng ln trc my vi-m x mt vin
Gim c ca Nha y m k ti l trc tng li dng chc-
quyn hm-hip mnh...
Quang-cnh u t ging ht di ch- cng-sn Min Bc
Vit-Nam.
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
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CNG-CHC B PHT V V VI GIA NH
C mt s cng-chc tng-s ti cc cng-s Hu nhng c
gia nh Tnh Qung-Tr; cui tun h v ngoi vi v + con.
Nhng ri, vo mt bui tra ngy cui tun n, s ngi y
gp nn. Sau , h ngao-ngn k li vi bn-b: ng Tn Tht
Nhiu, Tnh-Trng Tnh Qung-Tr, ra lnh chn ng t hng
Hu ra, bt gi tt c cc cng-chc va mn gi lm vic cui tun
l bng i phng xe v vi thn-nhn.
Cn nh di thi Vit-Minh, khuyn-khch phong-tro
Bnh Dn Hc-V, c nhiu X Thn dng cng kim-sot dc
ng; ai bit ch th c i qua cng chnh, ai khng bit ch th
phi li vng xung rung bn m i.
ng Nhiu th khng cho cc cng-chc y i, v vi gia nh,
m cng khng chu cho h quay lui. ng bt h tp-trung ti ch,
i n sng ngy u tun mi cho xe ch h vo Hu giao np cho
Ta i-Biu Chnh-Ph Min Trung.
Nhiu s d-lun ng-bo v nhng b-bi ca chnh-quyn
Tnh m ng cm u c th b cc cng-chc Hu l nhng tai mt
y thu-thp em v ph-bin, m khng bng-bt c, v ngoi
vng kim-sot ca mnh.
ng l em ca mt ngi con r gia nh h Ng.
LUT-PHP PHC-V CHO C-NHN
C ln, Nha Bo-An Trung-Phn c c-quan Vin-Tr M
trao cho mt s xe Jeep. Vin trung-t Gim c Nha y n bo-co
vi Cu, xem nh l mt thnh-qu nh n Ng Tng-Thng
v Cu mi c c, v chn mt chic tt p nht a n xin
Cu li khai-mo hu nh Cu m ton Nha c hng hn.
Chiu cui tun y, c mt s gio-s Vin i-Hc Hu, vn
c ng C-Vn Ng nh Cn nng , v u l nhn-vt tn tui
mt thi th-ph ca Min Trung, v bi Thun-An tm b. H li
xe Traction, chy vn-vt tr v nh Thnh-Ph Hu vo lc
hong-hn.
ng-thi, t t-tht Thnh-Ph v nh ngh mt bi b,
ng C-Vn ch-thn cm tay li, li th chic xe Jeep ca Nha Bo-
An.
Trn con ng lu-thng duy-nht gia hai a im, m vo
cui tun gia ma h nng bc th ngi dn i tm b tp-np, khi
ngang qua lnh-th Qun Ph-Vang, hai xe ngc chiu k trn gp
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
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nhau. Xe Traction th thp; xe Jeep th cao, m v mi xut-kho nn
mt knh n trc cha c che bt phn trn bng mt lp sn
mu vng nh cc xe khc, v Cn th c n pha m chy. Cc
nh hc-thc y b chi mt nn ni gin, bn cng bt n pha, ri
thng xe li ngay gia lng ng, chn u chic xe kia, nhy ra,
xng ti, nh dy cho ti-x xe Jeep mt bi hc. Cng lc, ng C-
Vn lunh-qunh thng xe li; cc v-s ca ng tng gp k khng-
b nn nhy ngay xung, xo n, cha mi sng v pha i-
phng, sn-sng bm c. Th l hai bn nhn ngay ra nhau; cc nh
khoa-bng lin i thi-, chp tay vi Cu lin-hi.
Sau , Ta i-Biu Chnh-Ph Trung-Phn Vit-Nam ch-th
cho Nha Cng-Chnh Giao-Thng, Nha Cnh-St Cng-An, cng
Ta Hnh-Chnh, C-Quan Qun-S, Ty Cng-Chnh, Ty Thng-Tin
Tnh Tha-Thin, Ty Cnh-St Thnh-Ph Hu, Trung i Hin-
Binh a-phng, v.v... phi hp tm bin-php to s thoi-mi cho
Cu trn ng i. H bn quy nh, ph-bin, v kim-sot, t
nay tr i mi loi xe-c lu-thng trn ng Hu--Thun-An, v
ngc li, ch c php chy vi tc-lc ti a 25 cy s/mi gi; h
gp xe khc th phi ngng li, ri chy t t; v nht l bui ti v
ban m th ch c bt n l m thi.
S vic ng C-Vn b chn xe dc ng th c chnh
ng b qua; nhng v n c lin-quan n Cu, cc nh chc-trch
xem l quan-trng hng u nn t thnh lut-l cho ngi dn
tun theo
MT BA TIC SINH-NHT CA CU
Vo dp sinh-nht ca ng C-Vn Ng nh Cn nm y, mt
mnh ti nhn c ba tm thip mi d tic; mt vi t-cch vn-
ngh-s k-gi, mt vi t-cch thnh-vin Thuyt-Trnh-on Hc-
Tp Chnh-Tr v Cng Dn Gio Dc, v mt vi t-cch cp ch-
huy ngnh Cnh-St Cng-An.
Trn u t giy c in hng ch Vn-Phng C-Vn Ch o
Cc on-Th Cao--Trung-- Hi. V cc on-Th, c ni ghi r
l Chnh-Tr, Kinh-T, Vn-Ha, X-Hi, Thanh-Nin, Ph-N,
Sinh-Vin Hc-Sinh, Lao-Cng, v.v... Cao l Cao-Nguyn, Trung l
Trung-Phn, v Hi l Hi-Ngoi.
y l mt c-hi him c ti c th trc-tip nghe+thy
nhng g lin-quan n Cu, ngi m dn-chng s-hi nh
mt hung-thn.
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
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Con ng xe la xuyn-Vit nm gia, ngn-cch t-tht
ca ng C-Vn vi Vn-Phng bn kia. Lch qua khi hai cnh
cng st cao to m h, ti bc vo mt th-gii l thng. Khng c
ng dy in-thoi lin-lc vi bn ngoi. ng C-Vn thng ch
trong t-tht, v t c ai thy c ch k ca ng.
Mt mi rp cao c dng st trc hin nh, di sut ba gian,
l ni by dn nhiu dy bn n. Hu ht mn n u l mn Hu,
nhng loi ngy xa dnh cho hong-gia, triu-thn nh Nguyn v
gii thng-lu, do chnh mt s u-bp c trong i-Ni hoc ti
cc Ph Cha n nu dn. Thc-khch c chia ra mi lm nhiu
t; nhng c mt s n sm trc gi; v mt s n xong vn cn
nn-n li, va ch dn cho nhng k n sau t ra rng mnh
l ngi nh ca ch-nhn ri, va cu-may mong c c-hi c
Cu hi n.
Mt mang knh, ming nhai tru, tay cm qut khi th phe-phy,
khi th dng gi lng, ng C-Vn va ni chuyn vi vi ba nhn-
vt -- nht l ng Nguyn nh Cn, Tnh-Trng Trng Tnh Bnh-
Thun, sut bui vn bm st theo ng -- va i quanh chm-sc t
cc loi cy cnh qu trc mt nh n cc loi mung th him bn
hng v sau vn, trong c mt con voi con.
Hu-h quanh nh c mt s nhn-vin Cnh-St hoc Cng
An. C mt k thng i dc theo ng Phan Chu Trinh v ng
Vn Vn, trn b Nam ca sng An-Cu nng c ma trong,
ngang-nhin cht cy trn bn, v c chui trong vn nh dn, ni l
cho voi ca Cu n. Nhiu ngi qua li trn cu Ph Cam v
trn ng b sng Phan nh Phng c ln trng thy di bn
Cu dng tha c-ph mc sa t cho voi ung, trong lc cc
thuc-vin ang k-c tm cho con voi.
Ti va vo n ni th nghe c ting ci xe h-tng h t pha
cu Ph Cam. ng C-Vn quay u v pha nh trong, im-lng lng
nghe. Lp-tc, c hai thuc-vin chy nhanh ra cng. H th u ra
ngoi ni g , ri nhn-vin gc cng m h mt cnh cng cho mt
s quan-chc v mt vin tng bc vo. Tt c u mc l-phc,
v u i rn-rn v s giy gy ting n.
V vin tng, ti nhn ra l thiu-tng Trn Vn n. Hm
mi ra thay trung-tng Thi Quang Hong, trong mt bui l ti Phu
Vn Lu, n bt u din-vn bng cu Qun Dn Min
Trung! Ti nghe k li, ch mt lt sau l Cu c nghe bo-co,
lin phn Hn mun lnh o c Dn ngoi ni na rng?
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
22
H ci u cho ng C-Vn nhng ng khng p li. H bn
nhp chung vi mt s khc n trc, ng sp hng quay mt
vo bc chn dung ca Tng-Thng Ng nh Dim trn mt
chic bn cao trong phng khch chnh, xong ct ting ng-thanh ht
bi Suy-Tn Ng Tng-Thng, nh l thng mi ln bt u mt
bui l hoc bui hp.
C n hai bi suy-tn khc nhau, mt ca Min Trung v
mt ca Min Nam, nn nhp v li ca hai bi chi nhau, nghe rt
chi tai.
Bng c ting ng-hng trong nh. ng C-Vn lin nt:
n! c ngh!
Th l mi ngi nn bt, lm-lt tan hng. Trong lc h cha
bit giu mt u th cc gia-nhn ra hiu cho h ng vo hai bn
cc dy bn tic m bt u n.
Lt sau, ng C-Vn i ngang qua cc bn n, nhn chung, hi
chung:
Ngon khng?
D ngon! Cu cho n ngon qu!
Nghe mi ngi ng-lot khen, ng n mt n ci khoan-
khoi, xong tip-tc i ngm-ngha, s-m khng bit chn cc mn
qu t gi m cc cp chc quyn t khp ni trong nc v ngoi
nc dng v.
Trc mt ti, hnh-nh ca Cu C-Vn Ng nh Cn vn
quen thuc nh nhng ln ng ch-ta cc cuc thi rc xe hoa vo
nhng dp l ln trong nm.
Mi c-quan dn-chnh v qun-s u thc-hin mt c xe
hoa, vi nhiu c, nhiu kiu, nhiu cch khc nhau, nhng tu-trung
th u rc nh ca Ng Tng-Thng v c trang-tr n hoa rc-
r v cng. Cu ng trc cng nh, va nhai tru va qut,
nhng mc-knh chim-ngng tng cng-trnh ngh-thut try qua,
v d dng ng- vi nhng li ph-bnh cng nh chm im, nh
mc thng tin, ca cc c-vn hu-cn hai bn.
T-nhin ti thy ng hin-lnh qu, v-t qu. Ngi nh th
ny m c quyn sinh-st i vi mi ngi sao?
LNH... LC
Ngoi ng Chnh Vn-Phng, m mt s ngi cho l c hiu
bit, cn c mt s s-quan qun-lc c bit-phi n lm vic ti
Vn-Phng C-Vn Ng nh Cn. ng H Vn Hu, mt ng-
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
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nghip n anh ca ti, l mt tn Ky T Gio c o c, c
ln than-th vi ti:
T ra mnh ai th ny bo-co ln Cu; ch cn ni khch
mt cu, t nh Tn ny phn-lon, dm chng li Ng Tng-Thng
v Cu! th nu -ngh git cht Cu cng gt u lin. Nhng
trong a-s trng-hp h c trnh ln Cu u !
Quyn-hnh ca Cn tuyt i nh th nn dn-chng gi ng
l Lnh-cha Min Trung. Tht ra, quyn-hnh ca ng cng bao
trm c Min Nam, l lnh a ca ng anh, C-Vn Ng nh Nhu.
Mt thi-hu ca ti, H nh Phng, ca Tnh Long-An, v mt s
thnh-vin khc thuc cc phi on t cc Tnh trong Nam ra Hu
hp i-hi ng Cn-Lao, xc-nhn vi ti iu .
Khng c hc-lc v kin-thc nh cc ng Dim, Nhu, ng
Cn ch l mt th ho-mc hnh-tin, bng-nhin thy c ngi ta
tn ln th c hng li ch chng thit g, nn mc cho th-h
lo-li, v-vi. ng ch ng khen trong c mt vic l lng hiu-knh
i vi mu-thn, ga-ph ca c Ng nh Kh. V chnh c-b
cng c nhiu ngi ngi-ca v lng trung-qun. Ngi ta k li
rng, khi lng ca chng c xy xong, c-b ln trn lng.
c oan-Huy Hong Thi Hu, tc c T-Cung, m ca Cu-
Hong Bo i, thy cnh miu ng hoang-ph m khng c
chnh-quyn chiu-c, bn ln gp c-b xin ni gip vi anh em
nh Ng. C-b nghe tin, ang bnh m cng gng dy xung n t
di my cp thm, toan ph-phc trc ngi m c-b tng vn
cn l quc-mu nn vn th-phn chng+con mnh l b-ti ca
qun-vng.
iu tai-hi hn ht l khng c ai dm kim-chng lnh ca
ng C-Vn Ng nh Cn. Thng th mi ngi ch bit tun lnh,
do nghe k khc ni li, m khng bit l ni li hay l ni i. M do
chnh ming ca ng ni ra lm khi cng chng hn l lnh-lc g ht.
Mt th d y tnh tiu-lm c truyn ming trong gii an-ninh:
Mt trong nhng tay chn c-lc ca Cn l ng La Qut,
Trng Ban Hot-V thuc Nha Cnh-St Cng-An Trung-Phn.
Mi vic bt-b, a y, hm-hi, v.v... u nm trong tay Qut. Th
m...
Do y Tnh Qung-Ngi c s ri-lon. Ty Cng-An lin-h
in xin Nha Trung-Phn tng-cng gp mt s nhn-vin. V Qut
c nhiu nhn-vin nht nn Phng Nhn-V -ngh rt bt mt s.
Qut ch cho ly mt ngi, l ngi m Qut tng l khng thit-
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
24
yu v khng thy n bo-co cng-tc hng ngy. V ngi y nhn
c s-v-lnh thuyn-chuyn t Hu vo Tnh Qung-Ngi.
K , mt hm ng C-Vn i ra sau vn th thy c mt
thuc-vin nm ln-ln trc chn ng m khc; ng trnh, ngi kia
li ti din, khc to hn. ng hi vu-v:
Cha mi cht hay rng m mi khc d th?
c ng hi n, ngi gi vn ku go thm-thit:
Khng phi mt mnh cha con cht, m chnh con, ri c gia
nh nh con u s cht ht, Cu i! Ngi ta khng mun cho
con tip-tc y c hu-h Cu, Cu i!
Ra ngi ta a mi i m?
Vit-Cng git ngi tm-lum trong Qung-Ngi, m ngi
ta a con v trong !
Ai a mi i?
Ngi y vn c n nn-n vi Phng Nhn-V xin
li, nhng c ni y gii-thch l chnh Qut quyt nh cho
ng-nhn ra i. Ngi y lin p:
D, La Qut a con i!
ng C-Vn va bc tip va ni khng:
Rng hn khng i m a mi i?
Mi li ni ca Cu u c truyn i tc-thi.
Th l Nha Cnh-St Cng-An Trung-Phn k s-v-lnh khc,
nhn-vin kia li, v a... La Qut i !
Mt thi-gian sau, mt hm ng C-Vn sc nh mi hi:
Thng Qut m ri m lu ni tau khng thy hn?
Th l Qut li c thuyn-chuyn t Ty Qung-Ngi v li
Nha!
Dn-chng cng m-tiu vi nhau: B C-Vn Ng nh Nhu,
lnh-t Phong-Tro Ph-N Lin i v on-Th Thanh-N Cng-
Ha ca ton-quc, tc l gm c Min Trung, nhng ln ra Hu
thng trnh gp mt Cu. Trung-tng Thi Quang Hong,
nguyn T-Lnh -Nh Qun-Khu, m tng-hnh dinh ng Hu,
vn l mt s-quan sng-i c thng cp vn-vt, m ri cng b
tht-sng v b dm pha. ng Trn Chnh Thnh, l ngi c chnh
ng Ng nh Dim chn a t Php cng v vi mnh, c lm B-
Trng B Thng-Tin, ph-trch Chin Dch T Cng v Phong-
Tro Cch-Mng Quc-Gia, m ri cng va-chm vi uy-lc ca
Cu v quyn lnh o cc t-chc v hot ng ny ti Min
Trung...
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
25
Ti t hi khng bit c phi chnh Cu ch ng, ch
ng ni, trong cc v ny, hay l b bn c-n cn gi by, mo
danh...
V GIN IP PHP TI MIN TRUNG
Sau khi Php, do p-lc ca M, rt qun ra khi Vit-Nam,
mt s kiu dn Php vn cn li; h iu-hnh cc n in cao-
su, c-ph, tr, v cc nh my in, nc, l-x, tim n, v.v... Ngoi
ra, cn c cc nh ngoi-giao...
Hu, c mt Phng Thng-Tin Php m Gim c l ng
Avril, mt ngi Php lai Vit, sinh sng t nh ti Thnh-Ph ny.
Ti gii-thiu Avril lm quen vi ng Thompson A. Grunwald,
khi ng ny n nhm chc Gim c Thng-Tin Hoa-K Hu.
Trong lc cha c Tng Lnh-S, Grunwald l i din M u tin
n Min Trung. i vi dn-chng a-phng th s quen bit
c t trc v nhng giao-tip khng th trnh c sau ny ca
Avril vi nhng na-ng-bo xung quanh gy tai-ha khng t
cho nhiu con dn Vit-Nam.
Trong chng-trnh -thc, bi-phong, dit-cng, m thc
y l thc dn Php, cc c-quan an-ninh s-ti cho bit khm-
ph c mt t-chc gi l gin ip Php ti Min Trung.
Trong nhng nm u sau Hip nh Genve, Lin-X v Hoa-
Cng cha ch-trng cho Cng-Sn Bc-Vit xm-chim Min
Nam; nh , a-s cc cp chnh-quyn, nht l nhiu X Thn,
c hon-cnh thun-li loi-tr cc phn-t c lin-h hoc b nghi
c dnh-lu vi ba k th k trn. Trung-ng cho php mi X lp
nn mt Hng-c ring ca mnh; l nhng quy nh ti-
trng v hnh-pht c gi-tr php-l, nm ngoi v b-sung lut-php
v lut-l chung ca Quc-Gia. Chnh-sch ca Chnh-Quyn Quc-
Gia thi -Nht Cng-Ha l phc-hi L Lng, mt th quyn
t-tr ca cc hng-chc thi xa; ng vi tc-ng Php Vua thua
L Lng. Gii-php gin-tin hn ht l trc-xut tt c cc i-
tng phn ng ra khi qu-qun ca h. Nhn dp c ci gi l
quc-sch Dinh in, nh cm quyn tng h ln vng Cao-
Nguyn, cng vi cc thnh-phn bt-ho khc -- cu-can hnh-s,
T Tng, c-nhn lng-khng -- sng tp-trung chung
trong cc a im Dinh in, l ni Hoa K vin-tr di do
gip cc gii dn ngho Vit Nam ti nh-c kin-to i sng m
no, thanh-bnh, v thnh-vng lu di cho tng-lai.
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
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Tuy nhin, mi ch l b mt, nht-thi. Tht ra, ngay sau
khi chnh-quyn Ng nh Dim ra i, nhng k c lin-h cht-ch
vi Php, vi Hong-Tc, vi Vit-Minh, hoc b tn-thng quyn-
li c-nhn, u tm cch t-tn. H tr-hnh quy-phc, hoc ngy-
to l-lch, i vng sinh-hot; hoc rt lui vo bng ti, hot ng
b-mt; hoc bt ng ch thi. Cao im l sau khi Mt Trn Vit-
Minh tp-kt cn-b v b i ra Bc; qun-lc Php giao li Min
Nam Vit-Nam cho M; ch Dim tch-thu ti-sn ca Php, lt
v tch-thu ti-sn ca cu Quc-Trng Bo i, pht ng chin
dch T Cng, nh dp cc gio-phi, n-p cc chnh ng, cm
Hoa-Kiu lm mi mt ngh, v.v...
C nhng chnh-sch ng, nhng b phai m v nhng ch-
trng sai; v ngay nhng ng-li tt cng b hoen- v nhng vic
lm xu. V thiu-s lm quyn x c ngi ny, tr oan k kia,
o h su chia-r v gip ny mm phn-ut trong dn-nhn. Ht
nhn i-nghch v khuynh o t c gieo ra.
Tht ra, ngi dn cm-hn thc dn, on ght tay sai, th hn
thnh-phn thn Php, nn ng-h cc n-lc pht-hin gin ip
nc ngoi. Nhng khi chnh-vin khng truy-t b-can ra trc
php-vin, li s dng lut rng bo-hnh i vi t-nhn, th
chiu-bi Dn-Ch Php-Tr ca chnh-quyn Ng nh Dim
tr thnh bp-bm i vi ngi dn.
Vo mt bui sng n, nh chng-minh c-th cho nhng
lung d-lun lan trn lu nay, mt s ng-bo tm n tn ni
nhn thy tn mt thi-th ca mt nn-nhn: ng V Cn, cu Ph
Gim c Cnh-St Cng-An Trung-Vit, b git cht v vt b xc
chn Ni Ng-Bnh.
THU-KHON NGUYN VN YN
Nh thu Nguyn Vn Yn l mt nhn-vt tn tui c ng-
bo khp Hu mn thng.
Sau ngy hi-c vo nm 1947, Yn bt u thu thu ti ch
An Cu l mt ch nh, m thi-gian u dn-chng cn tha-tht
nn ch cha c nhiu k bn ngi mua. V anh cng theo gip
chng. Tuy l ch thu nhng c hai u i x t-t vi gii chu
thu, nh tay vi ai t vn, chc-min cho ai t li.
Nh lm vic cn-c, giao dch kho-lo, Yn tin t thu
nh ln thu ln, v nh cao l thu c c-s kinh doanh -s ca
anh+em Php-kiu Morin chnh gia trung-tm th-ph ca Min
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
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Trung, t tn Nguyn Vn Yn cho i Khch-Sn v Din ng
ny.
S thnh-cng ca Yn l mt gai nhn trc mt nhng k
mun chim c-quyn khai-thc hoc chi-phi mi ngun li kinh-
ti. Th l Yn b bt.
V Nguyn Vn Yn b bnh him-ngho. Sau khi c cha
lnh, trc khi xut-vin ch c y-s gii-thch v cn dn k-
cng: mun sng th ng gn-gi n ng.
Thng chng, ch n g ca khp ni; bao nhiu tin ca ch
em ra dng np ht, nhng vn khng c kt-qu. Cui cng, ch
c a n ra mt ng C-Vn cu xin Cu thi-n.
Nh n ca Cu, ch cht.
Ni au thng ca gia nh Nguyn Vn Yn tr thnh
nim cm-hn ca mi ngi: lin sau , chnh Yn cng b git cht
trong ti-tm.
THU KHON NGUYN C PHNG
L Trng-Phng Hun-Luyn, trong thi-gian c Kha Tu-
Nghip hoc Kha Anh-Ng Cn-Bn do ti ging dy cho cnh-
nhn ton Thnh-Ph, ti thng n sm lo cho mi th c
chun-b sn-sng. C nhiu ln ti ngc-nhin thy Hi ng, mi
chiu hm qua cn ngn np, m sao sng hm sau bn gh
nghing lch v trn nn lu vng vi nhng l lt, giy bc, cng
nhiu loi thc n, ung tha.
Nhng ln u, ti ngh l do ton nhn-vin gc m by tic
n nhu. n ln n, ti vo hi ng Hi, Ph Ch-Huy; ng nhn
trung-y Hong t Vng, tr li ti: m qua, Chi-B hp. Chi-
B l t-chc ng; ti khng trong ng, ti khng th phn-nn
g thm.
Mt hm, nhn vo Si-Gn lp th-tc du-hc Hoa-K, ti
gp trung-s Tn Tht c gia ph. c l nhn-vin i Bit ng
Hu; cng i vi anh c vi ba ngi na, ang ngi trong mt chic
xe hi u bn l ng. Anh dng li cho hi ti. Khi anh ln xe i
ri, c my ngi m ti thy quen mt ang ngi trong Nh Hng
Thanh Th vy gi ti vo. H l cng-chc, qun-nhn hoc
thng dn gc Hu, nay vo tng-s, th-hun hoc sinh sng
trong ny.
Nhc-s Chu K gh vo tai ti ni nh: ng bt mnh, nghe
Thanh Thanh! Ti m trn mt hi li: Ti lm g m bt ai?
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
28
Nhc-s L Trng Nguyn lin v vai K: Thanh Thanh khng dnh
vo nhng v u!
Hi , Cnh-St v Cng-An l hai ngnh khc nhau, m ti
th bn pha t-php hnh-s, khng phi bn pha chnh-tr.
Mt ngi hi ti: Hm nay cc anh bt c bao nhiu
mng ri? Thy ti ng-ngc, mt ngi khc ni: Bn hi ny l
mt-v trong on Cng-Tc c-Bit Min Trung, vo y bt
ngi y!
Ti cng c nghe ni n t-chc y, nhng khng bit l h
thuc c-quan no, v ti Nha v tai Ty Cng-An Tnh Tha-Thin th
ch c Ban Hot-V, Ban Lu ng, hoc Ban Truy-Tm g thi.
Khng-kh Si-Gn t do hn, nn my ngi ny tranh nhau
k ton nhng chuyn cp ot, giam-cm, tra-tn, v th-tiu dn
lnh, c Hu ln cc Tnh gn xa.
Dim th hunh-hoang tuyn-b: ng sau Hin-Php cn c
ti! b l gian-manh ngy-to vn cy sy tri cho m n th-
st, khoe-khoang; Nhu th km kp i-lp P-42; v Nhu th hn-
hp lm n bt-chnh vi v Trn Chnh Thnh; Cn th th-hin ha-
ngc Mang-C, h la Chn Hm...
Khi nghe ti lm vic Ty Cnh-St Hu, mt ngi la ln:
nh ngi ta v u cht, ri nm xc xung sn, tri-h l
ngi ta nhy lu t-t, xong ri vo y lnh mt h?
Cc bn khc cng sng-s nh ti. Mt ngi n-tn hi ti:
Anh vo y bao gi? Ti p: Sng th nm Ngi y th pho:
Th th khng phi l anh!
Ngi kia nhn ti d xt, ri nh tin ti, k ngn gn:
Chng bt ba, nht kn nhiu ni, lu lu mi ch mt s
n Ty Cnh-St cho gp thn-nhn mt ln vo lc na m. Ti ,
chng cng kho nn-nhn. n-mng va ri xy ra vo khuya th
nm; ti mi vo chiu hm qua; th su. Ti-nghip thu-khon
Nguyn c Phng!
Ti nghe m lng ing c ngi.
Th ra Hi ng, ni ti truyn-b l-thuyt l-tng v
nghip-v, ni ti ph-bin o c chnh-tr ca Ng Tng-Thng,
b dng lm ni ch p nhn-v v sinh-mng ca con ngi!
Trc , ti c gp Nguyn c Phng mt ln, ti nh gio-
s Nguyn Nh Minh. Minh l thy c ca ti Thun-Ha Hc-
Hiu. ng va mi giao cho Phng, v Phng va mi khi-cng
xy-ct mt tr-s mi cho Trng Trung-Hc T-Thc Nguyn Du.
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
29
Ngang y th ti thy trung-t on nh T, mt ngi bn
thn ca ti, hin lm Trng Ty Cng-An Tnh Long-An, t ngoi
bc vo. T b thng trong mt trn chm sng vi Vit-Cng,
chn i cn khp-khing. trnh ng chm, ti ko anh ln Nh
Hng Bng Lai. Lt sau, ti hi anh v nn c-ti, tham-bo; anh
lc u th di: Ht nc ni! Minh ch bit dit Cng m thi!
* * *
Vo dp l Hai B Trng nm 1960, ti thuyt-trnh v tinh-
thn i-quc ca Trng N-Vng, theo ti-liu hc-tp ca Trung-
ng ph-bin.
Hong Mai Thm, lc y cng mn nh-k qun-nhim, tr
v Ty Cnh-St Hu, cng tham d bui hp.
Khi n cu Qun ca Hai B l qun -hp nn b tht-trn,
ti c b qua t on l qun -hp. Hi ng thc-mc;
nhiu ngi a -kin l phi c trn cu, v i gii-thch hai
ting hp. Ti gii-thch tnh-t hp, xong thanh-minh rng
ti khng mun trong lc tng nh cng c ca t-tin anh-hng
m li ch-bai phm-cht chin u ca tin-nhn:
C l son-gi s-. Theo ti th ch cn ni Hai B thua trn
l , khng cn nu thm ci l do y, nht l ni v khuyt nhc
ca mnh. Vy -ngh cc bn khi v n-v a-phng thuyt-trnh
li cho cc hc-vin ca mnh th b bt my ch i.
Ngang y, Thm cht-vn ti:
S tht l hp th c ni l hp, anh mun chng li
lch-s v ci li ti-liu ca Ban Ch o Hc-Tp Trung-ng ?
Cuc tho-lun chung bin thnh cuc tranh-lun ring gia hai
chng ti.
Ti ni: Tuy Ban Ch o Trung-ng do ng C-Vn Ng
nh Nhu ch-tr, nhng ng ch ra chnh, lm sao kim-sot ht
tng ch?
Ti tng tho din-vn cho cc n-V-Trng, h d rt
k trc khi c; anh cho l ng C-Vn khng c k ?
Ti cng tng tho din-vn cho cc tng T-Lnh, ng
nh anh ni. Nhng l cho chnh ming h c ra, lu lu mt ln.
ng ny, ti-liu tng-qut do nhn-vin ph-trch son chung cho
mi ngi, o-t ph-bin mi tun my t, tri qua nhiu nm ri,
th cng ch ging nh t bo nh-k thng-thng ngoi ph m
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
30
thi, lm sao trnh khi s-xut?
Nhng y khng phi l s-xut, m l ni ln s tht!
Ti p: ng- l s tht. Tuy nhin, l trng i-hc,
nghin-cu s-liu chng ta c th tm thy nhiu iu khc l; th d
ti-liu ca Trung-Hoa ni v Hai B Trng, c ng trn bo ca
Vin i-Hc Hu, do linh-mc Cao Vn Lun lm Vin Trng, th
tn-t hn nhiu. Cn y th khng phi l mt cng-trnh nghin-
cu lch-s trnh bc-hc, m ch l mt bi hc cng dn gio
dc nhm vo a-s bnh dn, ct nhn ngy k-nim Trng-
Vng m khch ng ng-bo noi gng yu nc ca Hai B; nh
th th ch cn -cp nhng g c li cho mc ch trc mt m
thi.
Ni nh anh tc l cp trn khinh thng dn-chng, ch-
trng ngu dn!
Ti thy Thm v-tnh to ra c-hi cho ti li dng m ni
ln nhng iu cn ni cng-khai:
y c ng Trn Vn Hng, Ch-Huy Trng, va i du-
hc M v, thy r s khc nhau gia M vi nc mnh. Th
nhng, ti-liu, m chng ta hc-tp y th ni rng Hin-Php ca
Vit-Nam Cng-Ha l tin-b hn Hin-Php ca Hip-Chng-Quc
Hoa-K. Cng th, hc-tp v ch hin-ti th ch ton -cao
nhng tt lnh ngay chnh ch c ai phanh-phui nhng xu d gian t
u !
Th l mi ngi b mt trng-tm. Hi ng chia ra lm hai
phe; a-s th ng- vi ti dn chng t nhng sai lm bt-cng
n nhng gian tham tn-c ca nhm c-li c-quyn; thiu-s
c-thi th chi-ci, bin-minh. Khng-kh qu gng; ch-ta phi
tuyn-b gii-tn. Nhng khi ra khi phng hp ri h vn cn pht-
biu rt hng.
Vic lm ca ti m ng cho nhng chng i cng-khai
v ng-lot ca nhiu tp-th ln v sau (trc c v phn-khng
ca 18 nh chnh-tr tn tui ti Nh Hng Caravelle trong Si Gn).
Ring trng-hp ca ti gy nn mi bt-ng quan im gia
hai ng C-Vn h Ng. Vy-cnh ca ng Cn th mun dng bin-
php mnh i vi ti, nhng ng Nhu th tin-b hn nn nng tay.
Do , h giao ti cho B Ni-V p dng k-lut hnh-chnh.
Sau ba thng b ct chc, giam cm, ti b ghp vo thnh-phn
phn-lon v b y ln Cao Nguyn l vng nc c v nguy-
him, cng vi bn ng-nghip khc; l hai s-quan tham-mu
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
31
c uy-tn m khng chu ng chung vo hng-ng ph o hi i,
v hai vin-chc cng l tn Ky-T-Gio v cng l ng-vin
ng Cn-Lao nhng khng ng-hi ng-thuyn vi h nn h
cng nhn dp ny m tng c i lun.
Sut i ti khng bao gi qun c hnh-nh ca nhng
Gim c, Trng Ty, cng-chc cc c-quan bn, m nhiu ngi
trc kia ti cha h quen, v rt ng ng-bo v danh, bt-chp
mt-v, ln ga xe la Hu ngm-ngi tin chng ti i...
* * *
Ri Dim b o-chnh ht, ri Dinh c-Lp b nm bom. V
cc chnh-khch bt-ng chnh-kin hp ti nh hng Caravelle n
bng. Nh vn Nht-Linh Nguyn Tng Tam, b kt n t-hnh,
t-t, vi kt-lun i ti lch-s xt ph-nhn quyn-hnh
ca ch nh Ng. Pht-Gio b cm treo c vo ngy l Pht-n;
Pht-T Hu biu-tnh i quyn t do tn-ngng, b tn-st trc
i Pht-Thanh. Dim+Nhu cho Cnh-St Chin u tn-cng cha-
chin. Ha-Thng Thch Qung c v nhiu tu-s, Pht-Gio-
khp nc t-thiu. Sinh-vin hc-sinh v cc gii dn-nhn xung
ng; ton-quc ni dy. Thc-s V Vn Mu, Ngoi-Trng
VNCH, t co trc u t-chc phn-i Dim; ngay chnh ng
Trn Vn Chng, i-s VNCH ti M, l cha rut ca b c-vn
Ng nh Nhu, v b Trn Vn Chng, quan-st-vin VNCH ti
Lin Hip Quc, l m ca b Nhu, cng cng t-chc chng
li b l DimNhu n-p Pht-Gio. Chnh-gii Hoa K phn-n,
d-lun th-gii xn-xao. Cuc Ci-Mnh 1-11-1963 xy ra.
Sau ny, ti ch-huy Cnh-Lc cp Tnh trn Cao-Nguyn th
Hong Mai Thm cng ch-huy Cnh-Lc Tnh Tha-Thin.
Mt s bn c ni rng Thm vn trung-thnh vi quan-nim
sng ca mnh, c theo l-thuyt sch v m lm; theo , Lut-Php
mi l nguyn-tc ca trt-t v an-ninh, nn anh phc-v; cn
Chnh-Tr th l phi-nguyn-tc nn anh khng tham-gia. Anh ch
ch-tm ring vo phn Hnh-Cnh, v ph mc phn c-Cnh (c
th gi l Cnh-St Chnh-Tr) cho vin Ph Ch-Huy chuyn-trch
cm nm cc vn phe ng, gio-phi, hi on, tnh-hnh ni-b
chnh-quyn, cng nh trc-tip gii-quyt vi y-Ban An-Ninh v
cc v bt-b, giam cm Vit-Cng ti a-phng.
Tuy khng i din, i-thoi, nhng qua tin-tc nh trn, ti
vn thy cn tranh-lun vi Thm. Nu anh chu nhng tay vo, th
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
32
c-quan m anh vn l ngi chu trch-nhim chnh, chc-chn s
trnh c nhiu lm sai. Cng lm th anh vn c th cng-khai ni
ln ting ni ca mnh, nh ti ngy xa?
Vit-Cng khng bm st anh, hoc v c-s ca chng hot
ng d, hoc do may-mn t-nhin, m anh thot cht Hu vo v
Tt Mu-Thn 1968. Anh tr-trn vi ng-bo vo trn trong nh
th Dng Cha Cu-Th; khi ch n thanh lc, anh a Th Sinh-
Vin trng Lut ra; chng khng nhn din ra anh.
* * *
Chng nh ngy xa ti rt ham thch Ngnh Hnh-Cnh,
Thm ni:
Mnh khng ng Nhun m li qua Ngnh c-Cnh.
Ti nh p: Mnh cng khng ng Thm m li tham-
chnh, nhng ti nn kp.
Mt ngi bn thn khc ca ti, thi-s Nh Tr, tc lut-s Bi
Chnh Thi, cng c quan-nim nh Thm. Nhng Thi khng tham-
chnh; anh hot ng v nhn o, cm u chi-nhnh ca mt t-
chc quc-t Bo-V Thiu-Nin Nhi ng ti Vit-Nam.
Mi ngi c quyn theo ui l-tng ring ca mnh. Ti
tn-trng quyn y. Nhng v Lut-Php t n khng c T-Quc,
nn chnh-th no cng da trn Lut-Php ni chung lm ra Lut-
Php ca ring mnh. Trong mt Quc-Gia, vo mt giai on no ,
phi chng Lut-Php cng ch l sn-phm ca Chnh-Tr? Ngi
tham-gia vo Chnh-Quyn, nht l cng-v lnh o, lm sao
khng d phn vo chnh-sch chung?
Thm c mi lm Th-Trng mt B. D l ca B T-
Php i na, th cng l mt phn ca Ngnh Hnh-Php, v
cng l mt trch-v chnh-tr. Anh ni l anh cha nhn, tc l
nhn trn nguyn-tc, ch cn cn-nhc mt s iu-kin na m thi?
B m-nh v bng ma qu-kh, ti s l anh s li ri vo hai
trng-hp kh-khn: L-thuyt siu-chnh-tr c thot khi b gung
my chnh-quyn bin-th? V nhp-cuc na vi c phi l gii-
php an n cho lng-tm?
Th Thm ch l lut-s, hot ng ngoi-chnh-quyn nh
Thi, ng hn v pha i-lp trong dn-nhn, hoc ch l hun-s
trong mt trng Lut, hoc cng-khai i-lp trong cc chc-v lp-
php v dn-c... ng ny, trong cng-v cng-c, nu gp nghch-
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
33
cnh, thi ca anh s nh th no...
Tuy nhin, lch-s cng sang nhiu trang; c Thm ln ti,
cng nh mi ngi, u ln hn, khn hn. Trn ng tin ti
Dn-Ch, dn-nhn Min Nam Vit-Nam bc nhng bc kh
di. t nht th, ngy xa, h thiu knh-trng i vi Ng nh Dim
l cm chc ci cht trong tay; nhng, ngy nay, mi ngi u t do
ch-trch, thm-ch mt-st, Nguyn Vn Thiu m khng h-hn g.
Gii tr-thc phi hiu rng ti-nng, o c, thin-ch, v kt-qu
phc-v l nhng yu-t cn-thit thm nh gi-tr ca mt con
ngi. gii Lut-Php, m cng rnh v Chnh-Tr v cc Ngnh
khc, hoc ngc li, th ti-nng mi khng phin din; v tham-
gia th phi dn thn, c th o c mi vn ton.
Ti bt tay Thm tht cht, mng anh, v truyn t qua
anh nim tin ca ti rng bn mnh by gi nht nh tin rt xa...
Hu, 1973-75
L XUN NHUN From: Nhuan Xuan Le
Subject: hi k L Xun Nhun: Tin-S Hong Mai Thm
Date: Sunday, October 25, 2009, 12:06 PM
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
34
VI NT V C DIM
Trn Chung Ngc
Phn I
vit v C H m li khng vit v C Dim th qu l
mt iu thiu st, v d sao ng Dim cng l Tng Thng ca
min Nam trong 9 nm. Nhng bi ny tuyt i khng phi i
chiu so snh C Dim vi C H v khng ai c i cht hiu
bit li i lm cng vic v tr ny. Ti sao? V mt ng sut i
sng gian kh, t chc, tp hp nhng ngi yu nc chng Php,
mong ginh li c lp v thng nht cho t nc [C H], mt ng
lm quan cho Php, bt ngi yu nc chng Php tra kho, ri nm
yn v trong cc Trng Dng Cng Gio M, B trong khi nc
nh si bng v chin tranh, khng chin chng Php tr li ng
Dng, ri pht cui tr v lm ch s cu tinh dn tc [C Dim].
c nhiu sch vit v bin c ng Ng nh Dim v chp chnh
min Nam. V khng ai c th ph nhn l chnh cu Hong Bo
i b nhim ng Dim v lm Th Tng. Nhng nhng chi tit
t u m cu Hong Bo i b nhim ng Dim thay v khng phi
ai khc th rt t c vit n. C chng ch l s si nh ng Dim
c Hng Y Spellman ng h hay c chnh gii M ng h, tuy
rng dn Vit khng c ng h, v khi chng c my ngi bit
n ng Dim.
Chng ta bit rng ng Ng nh Dim khng phi l mt
khun mt chnh tr c tm vc Vit Nam, c nhiu ngi bit
n trc khi c a v Vit Nam lm Th Tng vo thng 6,
1954. Thnh tch ca ng trong thi Php thuc khng ly g lm
sng sa, cha k ng thuc dng h ba i lm Vit Gian. Thnh
tch yu nc ni bt nht ca ng l trong thi Php thuc, khi lm
Tri Ph Ha a, ng dng n cy t hu mn ca nhng ngi
yu nc chng Php tra kho. Chng ta cng bit, t nm 1950,
ng ri qu hng t t ca ng sng trong cc Trng Dng
Cng Gio M v B. V nhng thnh tch ny m khi ng v
cm quyn, nhng ngi Cng gio tn ng ln lm ch s, v
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
35
ngi dn min Nam b cng bc phi ca bi Ton dn Vit
Nam bit n Ng Tng Thng; Ng Tng Thng, Ng Tng Thng
mun nm. Cui cng, mun nm ch c vn vn chn nm, v
ng yn ngh cng Cha v ng bn vng Torquemada (mt i
Phn Quan Ty Ban Nha ging nh ng Dim tng t nhn), ti
nay c 43 nm ri.
Mt cu hi c t ra: vi mt thnh tch yu nc v
chnh tr khng c g, vi mt kh nng rt gii hn, ti v c u
khng c, vy ti sao ng Dim li c chn lm Th Tng
min Nam? C l nhng chi tit trong cun The American Pope:
The Life and Times of Francis Cardinal Spellman, A Dell Book,
NY, 1985, ca John Cooney, tm gi l y nht. vit cun
sch ny, tc gi Cooney x dng nhng ngun ti liu t chnh
Nht K ca Spellman, nhng h s mt ca FBI, v qua nhng cuc
phng vn, nn tc phm ca Cooney l mt ngun ti liu rt c gi
tr [By using Spellmans personal diary, FBI classified files, and
interviews, Cooneys volume is an engrossing, valuable document].
Vy sau y, ti xin trch dn vi on trong phn ni v ng Dim
trong cun sch trn, t trang 307 n trang 314:
Tuy rng khng c my ngi bit iu ny, Hng Y Spellman
ng mt vai tr rt quan trng trong vic to nn s nghip chnh
tr ca mt ngi trong mt Trng Dng New York trc
y, va tr thnh Th Tng ca min Nam Vit Nam: Ng nh
Dim. Dim, Spellman nhn thy nhng c im m ng ta
mun c trong mi ngi lnh o: Cng Gio nng nhit v
chng Cng in cung.
Spellman gp Dim New York vo nm 1950, khi ngi
Vit Nam ny trong Trng Dng Marykoll Ossining, New York.
Mt tn Cng gio trung thnh, sinh ra t mt gia nh gia gio,
Dim trong Trng Dng do s cu xin ca ngi Anh, Ng nh
Thc, mt Gim mc Cng gio. L mt ngi c thn rt sng tn,
Dim t tch mnh ra khi th gii, c bit l ra khi quc gia
tan tc bi chin tranh ca ng ta. V ng ta ch c bit n bi
mt nhm nh hot ng chnh tr M. Vit Nam tn ng ta
khng gy nn mt hng th no. Trn chnh trng M, ng ta
khng c ai bit n, mt tnh trng m Spellman gip ng sa
i. Lai lch ca Dim khng trnh c s ch ca Spellman.
Ngi a Dim n Spellman l Linh mc Fred McGuire.
Mt cu tha sai Chu, kin thc v Vin ng ca McGuire
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
36
c bit r B Ngoi Giao. McGuire nh li, mt ngy n ng
c Dean Rusk, khi lm trng ban Chu v, nh dn xp
Gim mc Thc, sp n M, ti gp cc vin chc ca B Ngoi
Giao. Rusk cng t mun gp Dim.
McGuire tip xc vi ngi bn lu i, Gim Mc Griffiths,
vn cn l chuyn vin ngoi v ca Spellman. Hn ta yu cu s
cho Thc c tip kin ng nghi thc bi Hng Y. Trong dp ny
Dim t Trng Dng n nh ring ca Spellman. Cuc gp g
gia Spellman v Dim c th l mt cuc gp g lch s. Joseph
Buttinger, mt ngi hot ng cho nhng ngi t nn Vit Nam, tin
rng Hng Y Spellman l ngi M u tin ngh n vic a
Dim v lnh o Nam Vit Nam.
Thng 10 1950, hai anh em Dim gp cc vin chc B
Ngoi Giao khch sn Mayflower, c c Rusk. Dim v Thc c
thp tng bi McGuire v ba gii chc chnh tr ca gio hi khi
ang hot ng ngn chn Cng Sn: Linh mc Emmanuel Jacque,
Gim mc Howard Carroll, v Edmund Walsh i hc Georgetown.
Mc ch ca cuc gp g ny l hi hai anh em Dim Thc v t
nc ca h v xc nh nhng nim tin chnh tr ca h. iu r
rng sau l c Thc v Dim u tin rng Dim s cai tr t nc
ca h. S kin l Vit Nam ch c 10% Cng Gio khng ng
quan tm i vi hai anh em Dim.
Khi by t kin trong ba n ti, hai lp trng Dim tin
tng nht r rng. Hn ta tin vo quyn nng ca Gio hi
Cng Gio v hn ta th ch d di v quyt lit chng Cng.
iu ny chc phi gy n tng trn cc vin chc B Ngoi
Giao. Quan tm n Vit Nam t khi Truman bt u gip ti chnh
cho Php (Vit Nam), nhng vin chc B Ngoi Giao lun
lun n nhng ngi lnh o chng Cng cc oan v nh
hng ca Php phai nht. Sau in Bin Ph, Eisenhower mun
ng h mt chnh ph m rng hn l chnh ph ca ng Vua, ngi
khng c qun chng ng h my v t lu b coi nh l mt b
nhn ca Php v M. Do M mun c mt ngi Quc Gia a
v cao Nam Vit Nam lm gim s hp dn ca H Ch Minh.
Kt qu l Bo i cho Dim mt chc v m Dim m Dim vn
mun Th Tng. [[V chuyn ny Bernard Fall vit trong The
Two Viet-Nams, trang 244: thc c rng mnh ang nm ngai
vng i, Bo i bt Dim phi th (Theo Stanley Karnow, trang
218, Bo i bt Dim th trc cy Thnh Gi [before the crucifix])
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
37
trung thnh vi ng, v nhiu nhn chng c thm quyn qu quyt l
Dim cng cn qu xung trc Hong Hu Nam Phng l s lm
ht sc trong phm vi quyn lc ca mnh gi ngai vng cho
Hong T Bo Long, con ca Bo i. Nhng chng ta bit, ch
hn 1 nm sau, Dim dng tin ca CIA t chc cuc Trng
Cu Dn gian ln ph b Bo i v ln lm Tng Thng. V
v ny Bernard Fall cng vit, trang 257: Trong hu ht cc ni b
phiu, c nhiu ngn phiu nhiu hn l s c tri b cho Dim.
Th d, vng Saigon-Ch Ln, m c 605,205 phiu trn s
450,000 c tri ghi danh.]]
Dim tr v Saigon ngy 26 thng 6, 1954, sau Edward
Lansdale vi tun. Lansdale l trm CIA v qun s Saigon, c
trch cuc chin khng theo quy c [c ngha l nh ph ngm]
Lp trng ca Spellman v Vit Nam ph hp vi nhng
mong c ca gio hong. Malachi Martin, mt cu tu s dng Tn
phc v ti Vatican trong nhng nm M leo thang chin tranh Vit
Nam, ni rng gio hong mun M ng h Dim v gio hong b
ngi anh ca Dim, Tng gim mc Thc, nh hng. Gio hong
quan tm n s cng ngy cng thng li ca Cng sn do lm
suy yu gio hi, Malachi xc nhn rng: Gio hong ra lnh cho
Spellman khuyn khch M tham chin Vit Nam.
Do Spellman xp t mt chin dch ha iu k cng
dng ln ch Dim. Qua bo ch v vn ng trong hu trng
Washington, vn i u chng Cng ng Dng c ph
bin rng ri M.
Spellman v Kennedy cng cn gip lp ln mt nhm vn
ng hu trng Washington. Ch trng ca s ng minh ny l
chng Cng v pht huy h Cng Gio.
..Do , rt nhiu ngi M tin rng Vit Nam l mt quc gia
phn ln l Cng Gio. Mt phn ca ci n tng sai lm ny l
kt qu ca vic Dim ln cm quyn. Vi s gip ca CIA t
chc cuc bu c gian ln nm 1955, Dim hy b ch qun
ch v Bo i b cng bc phi sng trong cnh lu y. Ci
mu sc Cng Gio m trong cuc vn ng hu trng Vit
Nam cng gp phn to nn quan nim sai lm trn. Cn mt yu
t khc l s t mnh vo trong ng li trn ca Spellman.
Ri cn c vai tr hp dn ca mt bc s Cng gio tr hot
ng Vit Nam tn l Tom Dooley. Mt Trung y hi qun hot
ng Hi Phng, Dooley lm vic vi cc ngi t nn.
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
38
L con cng ca Spellman, c mt lc Dooley t chc c
35,000 tn Cng Gio Vit Nam min Bc i di c. C l
nhng n lc ca Dooley thnh cng M hn l Vit Nam. Hn
vit ra nhng bi trong nht bo v tun bo v 3 cun sch bn
chy nht tuyn truyn cho Cng Gio v chng Cng theo
nhng nim tin ca hn. Hn dng ln nhng chuyn ngi Cng
Gio b kh nn trong tay ca nhng ngi Cng Sn nh p
vo b sinh dc ca cc linh mc trn trung, chc thng mng tai
ca nhng a tr bng a cho chng khng nghe c v
Thin Cha, v m bng ph n c thai. Tt nghip i hc Notre
Dame Indiana [thc ra Dooley khng tt nghip bc s t i hc
Notre Dame m t i hc St. Louis. Trng Notre Dame c tiu
chun cao nn Dooley khng theo c v phi b Notre Dame theo
hc St. Louis. Nhng ngay y, Dooley cng hc rt km, phi
hc li nm cui, v khi lm ni tr cng phi lm thm 6 thng.
Nhng v nhng cng vic chng Cng bp bm nn Dooley tr
thnh ni ting nh l mt bc s tn ty gip ngi di c v chng
Cng cc oan. V vy nm 1960, trng Notre Dame trao tng cho
Dooley chc bc s hm], Dooley i khp nc M qung co
nhng cun sch ca mnh v h ho chng Cng, ri cht nm 1961,
khi mi c 34 tui. Ngi cui cng n bn ging bnh ca
Dooley l Hng Y Spellman, ngi tn ng bc s tr nh l ngun
cm hng cho mi ngi mt thnh t o khc. Ting tm ca
Dooley khng suy gim cho n khi y Ban phong Thnh ca Cng
Gio La M iu tra nm 1979 v khm ph ra rng Dooley c lin
h vi CIA. [Mun bit s thc v con ngi ca Tom Dooley, xin
c bi Doctor Tom Dooley ca Peter Brush trong mc cc bi
ting Anh]
Dooley gip CIA to lon cho Bc Vit qua nhng chng
trnh t nn ca hn. Nhng ngi Cng Gio vo min Nam
mang n cho Dim mt hu thun chnh tr ln v c ha hn ca
M gip ti nh c. Qun chng M phn ln tin rng hu ht
nhng ngi Vit Nam u khip s s c c v kht mu ca Vit
Minh v tm n ng Dim s Cha c gii thot. Nhiu ngi
t nn ch s b tr th v mnh ng h Php.
...S tuyn truyn ca Spellman v bn cht Cng Gio ca
chnh quyn Dim lm r rt thm hnh nh khng p v v th
ca gio hi Vit Nam. Ci bn cht tn gio ca chnh quyn
Dim v nhng vn chnh quyn to ra c ghi nhn bi
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
39
Graham Greene, mt tn Cng Gio, trong mt bi vit t Saigon,
in trong t London Sunday Times ngy 24 thng 4, 1955:
Chnh ci gio thuyt Cng Gio lm cho chnh quyn
Dim sp , v s sng tn ca ng ta b nhng c vn M khai
thc cho n khi gio hi trong nguy c lm mt lng dn nh M.
Mt cuc ving thm khng thch hp ca Hng y Spellman (Hng Y
Spellman n Vit Nam nng uy tn ca Dim ng thi bi thm
ha ca cuc di c ln lao ca ngi Cng Gio dramatizing once
more the great exodus of refugees from the North, the greater part of
whom are Catholics.) Mt linh mc Vit Nam ni: ng ta
(Spellman) ni nhiu v con b vng [m mt s ngi Do Thi th
phng nh c vit trong Cu c. TCN] hn l v M Thin Cha]
c tip ni bi nhng cuc ving thm ca Hng y Gillroy v
Tng Gim mc Canberra. Nhng s tin ln lao c dng
t chc nhng cuc biu tnh n tip nhng v khch ny, a
ra mt n tng l gio hi Cng Gio l ca Ty phng v l
ng minh ca M trong cuc chin tranh lnh. Trong nhng
trng hp him hoi m ng Dim thm ving nhng vng ca
Vit Minh trc y, bao gi cng c mt linh mc ng bn, v
thng l mt linh mc M.
...Nam Vit Nam, thay v i u vi ch ton tr ca min
Bc bng nhng bng chng v t do, li ri vo mt ch c ti
bt hiu lc: dp b bo ch, kim duyt cht ch, lu y bng
lnh ca chnh quyn thay v phi c xt x ta n. Tht l bt
hnh khi mt chnh quyn nh vy li ng nht ha vi mt c tin.
ng Dim rt c th li trn t nc y tinh thn khoan
nhng ny mt di sn chng-Cng Gio.
Trong cuc ving thm, Spellman trao mt ngn phiu
100,000 -la cho T Chc Cu Tr Cng Gio, mt t chc hot
ng tch cc trong chng trnh ti nh c nhng ngi di c v
sau cai qun chng trnh vin tr ca M, chng t T Chc ny
st cnh vi n lc chin tranh ca M v a ti s nghi ng l T
Chc c lin h vi CIA. Dng Gio hi lm chc v nh vy
c thi hnh Chu M La-Tinh, ngoi nhiu ni khc, nhng
Vit Nam c v ng nh nhng li khuyn co ca Graham Greene
l Gio hi v M cng nhau thi hnh mt ng li tht nhn
tm i vi nhng ngi Vit Nam. Kh nng tham nhng Vit Nam rt cao v cng lm hi ti
uy tn ca T Chc Cu Tr. Drew Parson c tnh ch trong nm
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
40
1955 chnh quyn Eisenhower bm vo Vit Nam trn 20 triu -
la vin tr gip ngi t nn Cng gio. Khng th trnh c, c
qu nhiu gn ghp v tham nhng trong vic phn phi thc phm,
thuc men, v cc dng khc ti cc lng mc. T National
Catholic Reporter phc trnh nhng s lm dng ca T Chc Cu
Tr Cng Gio trong nhiu bi m mt bi c u l: Vit Nam
1965-1975. Vai Tr ca T Chc Cu Tr Cng Gio: Cng Trnh
Ca Cha Hay Ca CIA? Nhng s lm dng b phanh phui gm
c: dng vin tr truyn o, ch gip nhng ngi Cng Gio
tuy vin tr l cho tt c mi ngi, ng nht ha vi qun lc, v
em cho binh lnh M v Vit thay v cho dn s nh mc ch ca
vin tr. [Nhng ngi Vit Nam thi u bit r cc Linh mc
Cng Gio Vit Nam v t chc Cng Gio c gi c quyn
phn pht vin tr. S phanh phui trn l t mt t tun bo ca
chnh Cng Gio] {Ngng trch The American Pope}
Qua ti liu trn, v phi hp vi nhiu ti liu khc, th d nh
ca Joseph L. Daleiden, mt hc gi Cng Gio trong cun The Final
Superstition, chng ta thy r vai tr then cht ca Vatican d
phn a ti vic M tham chin Vit Nam. Chng ta cng cn
bit, Hng Y Spellman n Vit Nam nhiu ln, i ti cc tin n
khuyn khch lnh M chin u cho Cha: Trong mt bi hc
thuc Gio hi thi Trung C, Spellman bo vi binh s M l h l
nhng thnh chin qun tham gia vo cuc chin ca Cha Ki
T chng Vit Cng v dn chng Bc Vit (John Cooney, p.384:
In a lesson from the medieval Church, Spellman told the troops they
were holy crusaders engaged in Christs war against the Viet-cong
and the people of North Vietnam). Nhng ti sao Cha li chng
Cng mt nc nh b nh Vit Nam, sao Cha khng chng Cng
Nga, Tu, hay Ba Lan, Tip Khc ngay bn u Chu? Vatican,
thm mt ln na, mang ti vi dn tc Vit Nam v cc tn
Cng Gio Vit Nam phi gnh ci hu qu ny. Chng ta cng thy
r, Ng nh Dim chng qua ch l mt con c ca lin minh M-
Vatican. V Ng nh Dim khng th ng c rng v sau, v
quyn li ca Vatican v ca M, c Vatican v M u b ri mnh,
a n mt kt qu qu bi thm cho chnh bn thn. Tht l ti
nghip. Di hnh thc no th thc dn cng u nh nhau. Ngy
nay, nhng tn d ca Cn Lao cn c gng phc hi tinh thn Ng
nh Dim m khng bit rng h ang phc hi tinh thn Trn ch
Tc.
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
41
cho cng bnh, chng ta cng cn phi xt thm vic t khi
v lm Th Tng v ri t ln lm Tng Thng, C Dim lm
g cho t nc? c nhiu sch vit v nn Nht Vit Nam
Cng Ha: Mu, L Trng Vn, H S Khu, Nguyt am &
Thn Phong, Nguyn Mnh Quang, V Ng Chiu v..v... Nhng xin
c Phn II bit ngi Ty Phng nh gi ng Ng nh Dim
nh th no.
Phn II
Sau khi v lm Th Tng v ri Tng Thng, ng Ng nh
Dim cai tr min Nam nh th no. Nhng ti liu nhn nh v
con ngi Ng nh Dim v chnh quyn Ng nh Dim ca mt
s tc gi ngoi quc c tn tui sau y s tr li cu hi ny.
Nhng ti liu ny cng cn cho thy ngha ch thc ca phong
tro tranh u Pht Gio 40 nm trc y v khng cn b la di
bi nhng lun iu qui g nh Pht Gio thn Cng, Pht Gio lm
mt nc (sic) v..v.. ca mt on th ni ting l phi dn
tc th th no cng phn dn tc.
1. "Vietnam: Crisis of Conscience"
ca Robert McAfee Brown, Abraham J.
Heschel & Michael Novak, Associated Press,
New York 1967, trang 30:
K gi ngi c Denis Warner vit
Trong nhiu nm, ci ch bo ngc
chuyn ch m Ty phng ng minh vi
Saigon (ch Ng nh Dim) th cn t
hn l ci ch m Ty phng ang
chin u chng (ch CS). Dim v
gia nh ng ta git hoc lu y tt c nhng th i lp. Dim
mt i s tin cy v trung thnh ca dn chng nh B Trng
McNamara nhn nh ngy 26 thng 3, 1964.
(The Australian writer Denis Warner wrote that "the tyranny
the West allied with in Saigon was in many years worse than the
tyranny it was fighting against." Diem and his family had murdered
or exiled all potential opposition. Diem had "lost the confidence and
loyalty of his people," as Secretary McNamara put it on March 26,
1964.)
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
42
2. "Fire In The Lake" ca Frances
Fitgerald (Winner of the Pulitzer Prize, Winner of
the National Book Award, Winner of the Bancroft
Prize For History), Vintage Books, New York
1985, trang 134-139:
Ci cht cng gio ca Dim, khng h m
mt hn n vi nhng tng mi, m ch thuyt
phc hn l cai tr bng nghi l v hun th o
c l c th thnh cng, m n c v nh vy
trong cc lng mc min Bc v Trung sng
trong ci v bng st v iu khin bi cc linh mc.
Ci m hn ta khng thc c l ci kiu cai tr thin cn
nh vy ca cc gio x c th thc hin ch v ngi Php bo
v h v t chc nn hnh chnh quc gia. Do , tham vng ca
hn phc hi x hi c xa ging nh l ca nhng tn thc dn
Php, coi mnh nh cha ngi ta, chng nhng chng trnh ci
cch ca nhng gii chc hnh chnh ni thnh th s khc bit l
trong khi ngi Php gi lnh vc hin i cho ring h th Dim
khng nhn ra c s quan trng ca vn hin i ha. i vi
hn, th gii hin i l Si-Gn, ci th trn k sinh trng tr
nn bo mp bi mu ca thn qu v li lc ca Ty phng...
Nhng k gi nh Robert Shaplen ch trch Dim nh lm
cho nhng nng dn xa lnh v nhng bin php n p ca hn.
Mt s ng nhng gii chc v k gi, k c nhng ngi c
nhiu kinh nghim v c khuynh hng chnh tr khc nhau nh
Douglas Pike, Chester Bowles, v chuyn gia chng ni lon ngi
Anh, Robert Thompson, u coi Dim nh l k th ca chng
trnh chng Cng.
Trong tt c nhng nm cm quyn, Ng nh Dim ch c
mt ng minh thn qu, l nhng ngi Cng gio, c bit
nht l nhng ngi di c t ngoi Bc vo. Ngay t u, Dim
dng trong b my hnh chnh phn ln l nhng ngi Cng gio,
v thin v cc lng Cng gio i vi phn cn li ca quc gia.
Nhng gii chc ca Dim, lm vic cht ch vi cc linh mc,
em phn ln vin tr M cho cc lng Cng gio, v phn ln
nhng nng sn. Chng cho nhng ngi Cng gio quyn khai
thc lm sn v c quyn sn xut loi hng ha nng sn mi do
cc k thut gia M a vo gip. Theo o c go m n l mt
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
43
cu tc ng khi xa ca ngi Vit Nam di thi Php thuc. Di thi Dim ngi dn Vit phi theo ci lnh ny. c bit
min Trung, hng ngn ngi, trong vi trng hp hu nh ton th
khu nh c, theo o trnh nhng dch v c v ca chnh ph,
hoc trnh bin php ti nh c trong vi vng rng r hay snh
ly gian kh gip nhng ngi Cng gio ln cn. Nui ngi
Cng gio trong s tn hi ca phn cn li ca dn chng, l d
nhin, l mt chnh sch thin cn, nhng Dim khng thy mt
ng li no khc, v M cng khng ngh cho Dim mt
ng li no khc.
3. "Background to Vietnam" ca Bernard Newman. Signet
Books, New York 1965, trang 117:
Bt k hin php vit nh th no, Dim cai tr nh l mt
nh c ti. Trit l chnh tr ca ng ta dn xut t mt nhm Cng
gio Php, nhng ngi t ra thuyt Nhn V. Thuyt ny nhn
mnh n nhn cch chng vi quan nim a qun chng vo k
lut ca Cng Sn. (Thc ra, y ch l mt chiu bi chng Cng v
trong cu trc ton tr ca Cng Gio th tn ch c quyn vng
phc cc b trn, do lm g c Nhn V. TCN). Chi tit v thuyt
ny phc tp, kh hiu i vi mi ngi tr mt trit gia. Mt
chuyn gia M c mi n c vn cho h thng thu m a
phng m t thuyt Nhn V nh l mt pha trn ln xn ca
nhng sc lnh ca gio hong v kinh t mu gio, t hp vi mt
s nghi ng nhng t nhn thng gia, mt s e ngi u t ngoi
quc, v mt quan nim l khng th thnh t c g nhiu
Vit Nam nu khng c s kim sot ca chnh ph. Trn thc t chnh ph y l chnh ph Dim.
...Ngy thng qua, cch cai tr ca Dim cng ngy cng tr
nn khng th chu c, v ti nm 1963 hn l mt nh c ti
hon ton, ch nghe nhng thn nhn trong gia nh. Hn hon
ton xa l vi qun chng. Ngi ta phn nn l hn trao nhng
chc v tt nht cho ngi Cng gio: nhng nhng ngi Cng
gio l ngi ngoi quc nhng ngi di c t ngoi Bc vo.
S bt mn a n phong tro chnh tr ca Pht Gio.
4. "Backfire: Vietnam - The Myths That Made Us Fight, the
Illusions That Help Us Lose, The Legacy That Haunts Us Today"
ca Loren Baritz, Ballantine Books, New York 1985, trang 83-85:
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
44
Cng gio Vit Nam pht trin do chnh sch k th Pht
Gio mt cch c h thng ca Ng nh Dim. Ngi Cng gio
c dng trong cc dch v dn s, trong khi nhng ngi Cng
gio sng trong nhng lng mc thng khng bt buc phi lm
nhng cng vic nng nhc lm ng x v nhng vic cng cng.
Khng ging nh nhng Cha Pht Gio, nh th Cng gio c
c quyn s hu ti sn t ai, cng nh trong thi Php thuc.
Vi thi gian, s k th i vi tuyt i a s dn chng ny a
n nhng phn i chnh tr chng Dim ca nhng nh s Pht
Gio.
...Dim lm cho ngi M kh chu khng ch v ng li cai
tr ca hn. Hn thch th trong vic n p nhng i lp chnh
tr m hn bt gi ln ti 40000 ngi. u nm 1959, Dim
hp thc ha s tn bo ca mnh bng s thit lp nhng ta n
qun s x nhng i lp chnh tr v x t hnh trong vng ba
ngy. Nhng ta n ny bt gi, iu tra, v tuyn n nhng k
phm ti.
Dim hng say ng ca nhng nh bo khng ng h hn.
T hn c, hn dp b cp lnh o trong cc lng mc v thay th
h bng nhng ngi ca Dim. Hn tr thnh mt nh c
ti.
5. "A Bright Shining Lie" ca Neil
Sheehan, Vintage Books, New York 1989,
trang 143:
Lansdale cho nhng tin kin ca
mnh a ti nhng gi nh sai lm...
Lansdale ngh rng nhng ngi Cng gio
di c t min Bc l nhng ngi yu nc
chin u ginh li s t do ca t
nc t ngi Php. Hn khng nhn
thy s sai lm no trong vn M ch tin
cy vo s tr gip c bit ca ngi Cng
Gio. Hn khng nhn thy vn c mt ngi Cng Gio lm
tng thng ca ci m hn quan nim l Vit Nam T Do l
khng thch hp.
Cng gio R Ma l mt thiu s c nhiu t vt Vit Nam. Lansdale lo vic phn bit gia ngi M v nhng tn thc dn
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
45
Php. iu hn lm l a ra s phn bit tuy chng c g khc
nhau.. Ch da vo ngi Cng gio gip , v bng cch t mt
ngi Cng Gio ln cm quyn Saigon, hn ta chng t l
M nhy vo thay th ngi Php. Nhng ngi Vit Nam theo
o Cng gio c ngi Php s dng nh l mt o qun
th 5 xm nhp Vit Nam trc thi thuc a v nhng ngi
Cng Gio c Php tng thng cho s hp tc ca h vi
nhng tn thc dn Php. Ngi Cng Gio thng b coi nh l
thuc mt tn giongoi lai, khng phi l Vit Nam. Vi s
ra i ca ngi Php, hin nhin l ngi Cng Gio phi tm mt
mt ngoi bang khc bo v h. H ni vi Lansdale nhng g
m h cho rng Landale mun nghe...
..Trong s hng dn Dim ca Lansdale n thnh cng bng
cch dit cc gio phi da trn l thuyt Dim l Magsaysay lp
mt chnh ph tp trung quyn lc mi, khng bao gi Lansdale li
ngh rng Dim bt u chnh sch cai tr ca mnh bng cch loi
b nhng ngi chng Cng hu hiu nht min Nam.
Dng h Ng nh tin ti s p t trn min Nam Vit
Nam ci tn gio Cng gio ngoi lai ca h, ng Cng gio bo
th t ngoi Bc vo v t vng qu hng ca h min Trung.
Dim v gia nh b nhim nhng s quan ch huy n v, nhng nhn
vin hnh chnh v cnh st bng nhng ngi Cng gio, t min
Bc v t min Trung, qu hng ca Dim. Dim v gia nh hn
b nhim nhng ngi Cng gio vo cp ch huy qun on, hnh
chnh v cnh st. Nng dn min ng bng sng Cu Long
thy mnh b cai tr bi nhng tnh trng, ht trng, bi nhng
vin chc hnh chnh ngoi lai v thng l cao ngo v tham
nhng...
6. "American in Vietnam" ca Dr. John Guilmartin, United
Press International/Bettmann, England 1991, trang69:
Nhng nh hng i nghch ca s thiu kh nng v tnh
ton sai lm ca Dim khng ch chm dt s tht bi v qun s
chng Vit Cng. Nghi ng tt c nhng ngi khng c cng c
tin Cng gio ca mnh, v hoan h vi s thnh cng trong vic
dp b cc gio phi Cao i v Ha Ho, h khi s chin dch
chng Pht Gio.
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
46
7. "Vietnam: The Valor and the
Sorrow" by Thomas D. Boettcher, Little
Brown & Company, Boston 1985,
trang150:
Trong 10 la vin tr th 8 c
dng cho ni an ch khng dng cho cng
tc chin u chng du kch Cng sn hay
ci cch rung t. Dim lo lng v
nhng cuc o chnh hn l Cng sn.
...Nh l hu qu ca nhng bin
php n p cng ngy cng gia tng, s
bt mn ca qun chng i vi Dim cng cng ngy cng tng,
bt k l toan tnh ca Dim dp tt s bt mn ny trong mi c
hi. Hng triu nng dn nhng vng qu tr thnh xa l i vi
Dim. Khng l g, hot ng ca Cng sn gia tng cng vi s bt
mn ca qun chng. V nhng bin php n p ca Dim cng gia
tng theo cng nhp . Nhiu ngn ngi b nht vo t.
Cho ti nm 1960, iu khc bit duy nht gia hai chnh
quyn Ng nh Dim v H Ch Minh l nhng l c ca h.
8. "The Indochine Story" ca The Committee of Concerned
Asian Scholars, A Bantam Book, New York 1970, trang 32 & 34:
Mt nhn vt M ng h Dim lc u kt lun: Lm dng
quyn lc, c ti, tham nhng, coi thng cp di, v khng m
xa g n nhu cu ca dn chng mt cch c c, l tm
gng m gia nh h Ng cho nhng b trng, nh lp php,
tng lnh, tnh trng, trng lng m h Ng dng nh nhng
qun c noi theo.
ng sau gia nh nh Ng l M. di gia nh ny chng
c g my. Gia nh ny tri ci bng ca h trn x hi Vit
Nam; tuy nhin ci r ca h tht s ch cm nng vo t Vit. iu ny nh trc nhng phng php Dim dng kim sot t
nc... Ch c mt ng li: n p v cng c quyn lc trong
tay nhng anh em v thuc h ca Dim.. Sn lng ton din
nhng ngi bt mn c t chc thn qu nm 1956, v tng gia
cng khi tnh hnh suy km.
75000 ngi hay hn na b git trong chin dch ny. Cn
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
47
nhiu ngi hn na b tng giam bi sc lnh s 6 ca tng thng,
k trong thng 1, 1956. Sc lnh ni: Nhng c nhn coi l nguy
him cho quc phng v an ninh chung c th b bt giam trong
nhng tri tp trung do lnh ca c quan hnh php. Tnh trng
trong nhng tri tp trung ca Dim, ch b phanh phui sau khi
Dim , tht s nh nhp. C cho cht i, c lm cho m,
c hnh h..., danh sch ny tht l di.
9. "The Story of Vietnam" ca Hal Dareff, An Avon Camelot
Book, New York 1966, p. 108:
Nay Dim thng mi k th, anh em nh Dim mun chc
rng khng ai c th bng h i. ngoi mt, Nam Vit Nam l mt
th ch Cng Ha vi mt hin php mi toanh ha hn t do v dn
ch cho qun chng. Tuy nhin, thc t th li tri ngc hn... Nhu
l cnh tay phi ca Dim.. Hn t chc gian ln bu c, a vo
quc hi nhng tay sai ca hn, v sai bn Cn Lao i rnh m
khp nc kim nhng ngi chng i hn.
Ch Dim bt u thoi tro vo u nm 1963. Tng
thng cai tr dn trong dinh th ca mnh nh l mt th ch qun
ch, ct la khi qun chng. S th ght Dim v gia nh hn gia
tng n ngi ta c th cm thy y trong bu khng kh
Saigon. Tin n v o chnh loan truyn trong thnh ph hu nh
hng ngy. Trong nhng hon cnh nh vy, Dim ch lo bm cht
vo quyn lc. Cuc chin (chng Cng) tr thnh th yu. S quan
c thng cp nu gi c mc tn tht thp. Ch c mt cch
chc chn gi c nh vy khng tc chin. Khng tc chin
tr thnh mt cch sng i vi mt s cp ch huy v l cch duy tr
a v.
...Cuc tranh chp gia Dim v cc Pht t c tch ly
k t ngy Dim ln lm th tng nm 1954. Dim, mt tn Cng
gio, ng nhin l cm thy thoi mi hn i vi nhng tn
Cng gio khc. Nhiu chc v ch huy trong chnh quyn v qun
i c trao cho nhng ngi Cng gio, nhng ngi ny c
c quyn c li lm tin trong nhng thng v ca ch .
Trong s 15 triu dn min Nam Vit Nam, hn 1 triu mt
cht l ngi Cng gio. Phn cn li, phn ln l Pht t, phn n
v chnh sch thin v ngi Cng gio. S i x khc bit ny cn
trng trn hn cc tnh l, ni y cc linh mc a phng v cc
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
48
gii chc chnh quyn, hu ht l Cng gio, c ton quyn. Khi cc
p chin lc c dng ln, nhng ngi Cng gio c min lm
vic v nhng ngi phi-Cng gio b a vo ch thay th h lm
nhng cng vic lao dch. Nhng vng t mi c m mang v
pht trin, ngi Cng gio c chn nhng min t ph nhiu
nhng min duyn hi c an ninh. Nhng t ai dnh cho Pht t
su trong ni a, y h phi lao ng di s e da ca Vit
cng. Nhiu Pht t theo o (khng c ngha l tin o. CTN)
c sng d dng hn.
10. The Two Viet-Nams" ca
Bernard B. Fall, Frederik A. Praeger
Publisher, New York 1967:
Trang 236: Tnh hiu chin ca ng
Ng nh Dim thuc loi nh th ny: c
tin ca ng ta t c tnh cht t i ca cc
tng hn l tnh hiu chin tn nhn
ca mt i Phn Quan Ty Ban Nha ca Ta n D Gio (Torquemada); v
Quan im ca ng ta v chnh quyn th t
c tnh cht ca mt tng thng theo hin
nh ca mt nc cng ha hn l mt bo cha theo truyn thng quan li phong kin. Mt ngi Php theo Cng Gio khi ni
chuyn vi ng ta mun nhn mnh v nh hng vn ha Php i
vi ng Dim nhn mnh nhng t nh "tn ngng ca chng
ta", th Dim thn nhin tr li rng: "ng bit m, ti t coi ti
nh l mt ngi Cng Gio Ty Ban Nha", c ngha l, ng ta l
mt a con tinh thn (ca Gio Hi La M) ca mt c tin hung
hng, hiu chin hn l mt tn d di v khoan dung ging nh
ngi Php theo h phi Cng Gio Gallican."
Trang 250: Trong s nhng ngi ln cm quyn cng vi
Dim nm 1954-55, KHNG MT NGI NO cn gi chc v b
trng khi Dim b git nm 1963. Mt vi ngi b lu y Php
hoc M, v mt vi ngi rt lui vi thi trng ch Saigon.
Mt s dp theo nhng phng php ton tr ca Cng sn Cn Lao
Nhn V Cch Mng ng ca Ng nh Nhu. ng ny tr thnh
mt h thng quyn lc hon ton ging nh ca Cng sn, vi
nhng thnh vin mt v ch bit nhau trong nhng t 5 ngi, v
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49
nhng nhm hnh ng c nhim v dp b mau chng v kn o
nhng ngi i lp... Nh vy, ch Dim sai lm trong hai
phng din: Qun i khng bao gi thc s hu hiu, v cc s
quan qun on th khng trung thnh vi nhng ng ch dn s
v nhm mt lm ng trc s tht bi ca ch .
Trong s m t ng Cn Lao, John C. Donnell nh ngha
Cn Lao nh l mt ng chnh tr mnh gm nhng thnh vin
thng tin rng mnh thuc nhng ng chnh tr khc v ng tr
nhng ng ny. Ni cch khc, nhng hot ng trong h thng
ni b ca h y ht nh ca ng Cng sn: d thm bn b, xm
nhp ng minh, v hot ng nh mt quc gia trong mt quc
gia trong chnh gung my chnh quyn ca mnh. Nu khng cn
ci g khc, nhng iu trn c th lm cho ch Nam Vit Nam
mang nhn hiu mt loi dn ch ca qun chng chng-Cng m
s khc bit ln nht i vi ngi anh em song sinh Cng sn Bc
Vit Nam l thi hnh tr Cng gio v l s hu ch ca nhng
n in cao su.
11. "An Eye For The Dragon" ca Dennis Bloodworth; Farrar,
Straus & Giroux, New York 1970, trang 209:
Cho ti nm 1963 mt v ca Dim bt gi hoc y vo
tay nhng k th hu nh mi ngi quc gia c tn tui chin
u cho t do ca t nc trong 20 nm trc. Hn v gia nh
hn n p mi i lp, cht y nh t, bt ming bo ch, gian
ln bu c, v bm vo quyn lc.
12. " Intervention and Revolution" ca
Richard J. Barnet, A Meridian Book, New York
1972, pp. 233-235:
Khuyn co rng nu bu c c t
chc ngy nay (1956) th tuyt i a s dn
Vit s bu cho Cng sn, Cherne tuyn b
rng uy tn ca M Chu ty thuc vo s
ngn chn cuc bu c ny. Phng php gii
quyt l cng c lp ngi Cng gio min
Nam Vit Nam, ch c nhng ngi ny mi c
l do thuc v l tng chng Cng. Nh vn Cng gio ngi Anh,
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
50
Graham Greene, m t vic M s dng gio hi Cng gio trong
cuc chin tranh lnh Vit Nam nh sau:
Chnh ci h Cng gio lm cho ch ca ng Dim sp
, v s sng tn ca ng ta b cc c vn Hoa K khai thc cho
n khi gio hi Cng gio Vit Nam trong c nguy cng chung
s phn bt thin cm ca ngi dn Vit i vi M...Nhng khon
tin to ln c dng t chc nhng cuc n tip quan khch
ngoi quc v to nn nim gio hi Cng gio l ca Ty phng
v l ng minh ca M trong cuc chin tranh lnh. Trong nhng
trng hp him hoi m Dim i kinh l nhng vng trc y b Vit
Minh chim, bao gi cng c mt linh mc bn cnh, v thng l
mt linh mc M...
iu quan tm chnh ca chnh quyn Dim l s an ton ca
chnh quyn. Chnh quyn Dim s rng cuc bu c d nh t chc
vo thng 7, 1956 a n s thng li ca H Ch Minh v chm
dt quyn lc ca nhng chnh tr gia khng Cng sn..
Nhng c tnh ca c quan tnh bo quc gia CIA, son
trong thng 2, 1957, m t ch Dim nh sau:
Ch Dim phn nh ngh ca Dim. Mt b mt chnh
quyn i din cho dn c duy tr, nhng thc cht chnh quyn
l c ti. Quyn lp php ca quc hi b hn ch gt gao; quyn
t php cha pht trin v ty thuc quyn hnh php; v nhng
nhn vin trong ngnh hnh php khng g hn l nhng tay sai
ca Dim. Khng c mt t chc i lp no, d trung thnh hay
khng, c php thnh lp, v mi ch trch chnh quyn u b
n p...Quyn lc v trch nhim tp trung ni Dim v mt nhm
nh gm c nhng thn nhn ca Dim, nhng ngi quan trng
nht l Nhu v Cn.
Ch c ti ca Dim, da trn mt mng li mt v, ta
n qun s, v cng chc tham nhng, tuyn b khng nhng
chin u chng Cng m cho ti nm 1957 Cng sn vn cha c
hot ng g, m cn chng bt c nhm no khng chc l trung
thnh vi Dim. Tht vy, nhiu ngi khng-Cng-sn vo t
hn l ngi Cng sn.
...S chuyn ch ca Dim, s thin v tr trn ca hn i vi
nhng ngi Cng gio t nn t ngoi Bc vo so vi phn cn li
ca dn chng, v s bo hnh ca hn i vi mi ngi khng
ng quan nim chnh tr vi hn to nn mt s lin kt chng
hn m hn rt s.
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
51
13. "Vietnam Revisited" ca David
Dellinger, South End Products, 1986, trang
35:
Ngay t lc u Dim c khuynh
hng ton tr v gia nh tr m 8 nm sau
d lun qun chng ln n chnh quyn ca
hn.
Khuynh hng ton tr ca Dim
a n vic thnh lp mt ng chnh tr
ring t, ng cn Lao, mt ng duy nht.
[Thi khng thy ai i a nguyn a dng. TCN]
ng Cn Lao cng phc v hn nh l mt v, dp theo
khun mu ca Nht Bn trong Th Chin II m Dim nghin
cu k chi tit.
Nh chng ta thy, ng ny git hi 90000 ngi v
cm t 800000 trong c nhiu ngi b tra tn.
..Khi Dim v Vit Nam nm 1954, mt ngi Cng gio theo
lnh ca mt th lc ngoi quc v cai tr mt nc m 80% l
Pht t, CIA thu vi trm ngi hoan h hn ti bn tu.
Nhng c CIA ln nhng gii chc M ng h Dim u khng lm
sao lm ngc c s kin l Dim khng c s ng h ca qun
chng, chnh sch n p m mu ca Dim i vi t cc nh s
Pht gio v cc tn Ha Ho, Cao i cho ti nhng nng dn
yu nc, gii t sn tn trng lut php, trt t v mt cht cng l,
v nhng tng lnh i th ko theo (v xy ra) tt c nhng
kh khn v mt con ngi vi
nhn cch nh vy.
14. "Vietnam: Why Did
We Go?" ca Avro Manhattan,
Chick Publication, California
1984, trang 56 & 89:
Tng thng Ng nh
Dim ca Nam Vit Nam l
mt ngi theo o Cng gio
cai tr Nam Vit Nam bng mt bn tay st. Hn ta tht tnh tin
rng Cng sn l c v gio hi Cng gio l duy nht. Hn
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
52
c hng y Spellman v gio hong Pius XII trng vo ci gh
tng thng. Hn bin ci ngi v tng thng thnh mt nh c
ti Cng gio, tn nhn nghin nt nhng i lp chnh tr v tn
gio. Nhiu nh s Pht gio t thiu phn i nhng s bo
hnh tn gio ca hn. S bo hnh k th i vi ngi phi-Cng
gio, c bit l cc Pht t, gy nn s ri lon trong chnh ph
v trong qun i th qun nhn o ng hng lot. iu ny a
n s can thip qun s ca M.
Trong chnh sch khng b ny hn c s ph gip ca hai
ngi anh em Cng gio, ngi ng u mt v (Ng nh Nhu) v
tng gim mc Hu (Ng nh Thc).
Ngi ta ghi nhn rng, v nhng con s sau y tuy khng
c chnh quyn chnh thc khng nh nhng c th coi l ng tin
cy, l trong thi gian kinh hong t 1955 n 1960 t nht l c
24000 ngi b thng, 80000 b hnh quyt hay b m st, 275000
ngi b cm t, thm vn hoc vi tra tn hoc khng, v khong
500000 b a i cc tri tp trung. y ch l nhng con s c
tnh bo th, khim nhng.
t quyn li quc gia ra ng sau y mnh quyn li
tn gio ca hn, kt qu l tn c ti Dim a t nc
xung vc thm.
15. "Nobody Wanted War" ca Ralph K. White, A Doubleday
Anchor Book, New York 1970, trang 91:
Dim, ngi em d in v v hn (Nhu v v), lm cho
mi nhm quan trng trong nc, k c nhm chng Cng thc t
nht, nhm ny thy r gia nh Dim h thp v lm yu i
cuc tranh u chng Cng, v sau cng c nhng s quan cao cp
trong qun i, nhng ngi m mi tn c ti khng c lng
ngi phi trng cy vo h sng cn, xa la.
Theo Malcolm Browne, ch Dim b c nc on
ght. Nu nh Ng cn cm quyn cho n ngy nay (1965) th
chc chn l Vit Nam s hon ton l Cng sn. [Bn Cng gio
hoi Ng ngy nay vn cn a ra lun iu Cn c th khng mt
nc]
16. "The Political Economy of Human Rights. Vol I" ca
Noam Chomsky and Edward S. Herman, Black Rose Books, Canada
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
53
1979, trang 30, 302-303:
Joseph Buttinger, mt c vn ca Dim lc u v l ngi
by t s ng h Dim nng nhit nht trong thp nin 1950,
khng nh l gi Dim l pht xt th khng thch hp v, tuy ch
Dim c tt c nhng s xu xa ca ch pht xt, Dim thiu
c s qun chng m Hitler v Mussolini c th tp hp c.
..Theo Jeffrey Race, mt cu c vn qun s M cho Nam Vit
Nam c rt nhiu ti liu v lch s Vit Nam cn i, chnh quyn
Dim khng b ngi dn nhiu hn l phong tro cch mng
nhiu th d, th tiu cc cu khng chin qun Vit Minh, bn
pho binh vo nhng lng cng sn v bt b nhng ngi c
thin cm vi cng sn. Cng chnh v nhng chin thut m
lc lng ca phong tro cch mng cng ngy cng gia tng Long
An t 1960 n 1963.
..S gia ca Ng Gic i vit v bnh gn nh hoang
tng ca Dim lo lng v vn an ninh, a n nhng chnh
sch khng b ton din nng dn Vit Nam, v lm suy gim
trm trng s ng h ch ca qun chng.
S dng bo lc qu mc v tr th nhng ngi cu khng chin ca Dim l s vi phm trng trn Hip nh Genve (Khon
14c), cng nh l s t chi khng thi hnh iu khon tng tuyn
c trn ton quc (vo thng 7, 1956) ca Dim. L do chnh m
Dim t chi khng thi hnh iu khon ny vo nhng nm 1955-56
(t chc v tng tuyn c trn ton quc) tht l hin nhin: vin
quan li ly hng nhp cng t M vo ch
c mt s ng h ti thiu ca qun chng
v t c hi vng thng trong mt cuc tng
tuyn c...Dim l mu ngi in hnh
ca mt tn bo cha pht xt, dng khng
b b p cho s thiu ht s ng h
ca qun chng..
17. "The American Pope" ca John
Cooney, A Dell Book, New York 1984,
trang 309-312:
Lp trng ca (hng y) Spellman v Vit Nam ph hp vi
nhng mong c ca gio hong. Malachi Martin, mt cu tu s
1963 2013: Nm Mi Nm Nhn Li Tp Hai
54
dng tn phc v ti Vatican trong nhng nm M leo thang chin
tranh Vit Nam, ni rng gio hong mun M ng h Dim v gio
hong b ngi anh ca Dim, Tng gim mc Thc, nh hng.
Gio hong quan tm n s cng ngy cng thng li ca Cng
sn do lm suy yu gio hi, Malachi xc nhn rng:
Gio hong ra lnh cho Spellman khuyn khch M tham
chin Vit Nam
Do Spellman xp t mt chin dch ha iu k cng dng ln ch Dim. Qua bo ch v vn ng trong hu trng
Washington, vn i u chng Cng ng Dng c ph
bin rng ri M.
Spellman v Kennedy cng cn gip lp ln mt nh