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Amenhotep IV: AkhenatenRebecca Taggart
What I Look Like Physiognomy:
• Hanging chin• Thick lips• Sunken cheeks• Slanty eyes
“Effeminate” body• Narrow shoulders• Fleshy chest• Swelling thighs• Pendulous abdomen• Full buttocks• Spindly limbs• Scrawny neck
Family Life ?Succeeded? Father Amenhotep III Mother Queen Tiye (The Great Royal
Wife) Principal wife Nefertiti
• 6 Daughters Union with Kiya
• 1 Daughter Mystery Women
• ?Son? Tutankamen
The Heretic King (r.1372-1355 BCE) – 18 years 10th king of the 18th dynasty, New
Kingdom Art (Amarna style), Architecture, and
Religion of Egypt were marked by rapid change
Amarna Letters• Neglected foreign policy and allowed the
Egyptian “empire” in the western Asia erode away
Theban phase: The Beginning 1st year: Ambitious building project at
Karnak temple• Cult center for Aten (solar deity)• He had a penchant for novelty and display
2 crucial and iconoclastic decisions• Led to name change from Amenhotep “Amun
is satisfied” to Akhenaten “Beneficial for Aten” • New capital city called Akhetaten “Horizon of
the Aten” (site known as Al-Amarna in Middle Egypt)
Aten and his “Perfect little man-child” Solar religion not
new to Egypt• Father’s reign: Aten
was significant Spirited promotion
of the worship of Aten• Reliefs and Steles
showing the family worshipping and making offerings
Akhetaten: The City New Capital “revolution from above” aimed at reasserting
the pharaoh’s absolute authority over the elite
Swept away old cults eliminating their priests and with this established families who supplied the officials of the bureaucracy
Supposed to be the resting place of Akhenaten, Nefertiti and their eldest daughter
Later Reign Year 12: major
international festival Soon after family deaths:
mother and up to 3 of my daughters (?plague?)
Foreign Relations: • Amarna Letters
Also in Year 12• coregency with
Ankhkheperure Smenkhkare (married daughter Meryetaten)
Year 17 dies
Aftermath Disappearance of the family’s bodies During King Tutankhamen's reign:
• Went back to Memphis• Officially sanctioned of uprooting everything
of Akhenaten• Works at Karnak• Official buildings and Akhetaten• Names hacked off reliefs• His reign excised from public record/King’s
Lists
Bibliography Aldred, Cyril. Akhenaten: King of Egypt. London: Thames and
Hudson Ltd, 1988. Dodson, Aidan. “Akhenaten” Pages 260-261 in The
Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.
Eaton-Krauss, Marianne, ed. Pages 48-51 in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Kuhrt, Amelie. The Ancient Near East, 3000-330 BC. Vol. 1. London and New York: Routledge, 1995.
Martin, G.T, et.al. The Princeton Dictionary of Ancient Egypt. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2008. Print.
Rice, Michael. “Akhenaten” Pages 5-6 in Who’s Who in Ancient Egypt. New York: Routledge, 1999.