Waterfall & Agile – Scrum (By: Gihan Wijesinghe – Professional Software Developer)
TOPICS:
Waterfall & various other methodologies
History of Agile, Manifesto, 12 Rules
Various processes of Agile
Introduction to Scrum framework
Key roles in Scrum
Key artefacts in Scrum
Scrum ceremonials
Conclusion
Waterfall & Agile – Scrum (By: Gihan Wijesinghe – Professional Software Developer)
Software Development Models
Linear Flow Iterative Flow Linear & Iterative Flow
Waterfall Prototyping
Incremental
Agile
Spiral
Rapid Application Development
Waterfall & Agile – Scrum (By: Gihan Wijesinghe – Professional Software Developer)
By Dr. Winston Royce (1970)
Waterfall Model
Waterfall & Agile – Scrum (By: Gihan Wijesinghe – Professional Software Developer)
Waterfall Model best suite for:
Project requirements & objectives are clear, not ambiguous and very rarely changing
Project is large, expensive & complicated, client expect the formal approaches
Project’s cost is pre-defined, fixed-price
Immediate implementation is not required
When resources need to be conserved
Waterfall & Agile – Scrum (By: Gihan Wijesinghe – Professional Software Developer)
History of Agile, Manifesto, 12 Rules
Bureaucratic
Over Regimented
Slow
Difficult to enhance
SD models develop in 1970 – 1990 have been criticized by
users as:
Industrial Experts / Thought Leaders
Promote innovative approaches to developments
Embracing requirement changes
Continual planning, Empowering teams, Frequent delivery of a working part
Waterfall & Agile – Scrum (By: Gihan Wijesinghe – Professional Software Developer)
History of Agile, Manifesto, 12 Rules
In 2001, 17 Software consultants gathered to Snowbird, Utah (USA) & defined AGILE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
Our highest priority is to satisfy the customer through early and continuous delivery of valuable software
Welcome changing requirements, even late in development. Agile processes harness change for the customer's competitive advantage.
Deliver working software frequently, from a couple of weeks to a couple of months, with a preference to the shorter timescale.
Business people and developers must work together daily throughout the project.Build projects around motivated individuals. Give them the environment and support they need, and trust them to get the job done.
The most efficient and effective method of conveying information to and within a development team is face-to-face conversation
Working software is the primary measure of progress
Agile processes promote sustainable development. The sponsors, developers, and users should be able to maintain a constant pace indefinitely
Continuous attention to technical excellence and good design enhances agility
Simplicity — the art of maximizing the amount of work not done — is essential
The best architectures, requirements, and designs emerge from self-organizing teams.
At regular intervals, the team reflects on how to become more effective, then tunes and adjusts its behavior accordingly
Waterfall & Agile – Scrum (By: Gihan Wijesinghe – Professional Software Developer)
Various subsets of Agile
Scrum is a management and control process that cuts through complexity to focus on building software that meets
business needs
Extreme Programming (XP) is a pragmatic approach to program development that
emphasizes business results first and takes an incremental, get-something-started approach
to building the product, using continual testing and revision.
Crystal is a family of human centric, adaptive, ultralight,
“stretch-to-fit” software development methodologies
Waterfall & Agile – Scrum (By: Gihan Wijesinghe – Professional Software Developer)
SCRUM Framework
Part of an Agile movement use for product development
Introduced by Jeff Sutherland in 1993 (before describe the Agile)
Project management framework applicable to any project (not only for software)
Project move forward by series of iterations called sprints
3 Roles
3 Artefacts
4 Ceremonials
Waterfall & Agile – Scrum (By: Gihan Wijesinghe – Professional Software Developer)
Key Roles in SCRUM
Product OwnerScrum Master
Team
Only one person, Responsible for maximizing the value of the product
Responsible for managing the product backlog
Person who lead the development team & create a bridge between customer and developer parties.
Need a wide range of knowledge & Skills, Sometimes act as a business requirement analyst
Represents the interests of clientFacilitate the PO & team, facilitate to Scrum ceremonials
Eliminate any obstacles which restrict the team when achieving the sprint goal
He / She might be a dedicated full time scrum master or a team member
Not a project manager / does not manage the team, But help to take the decisions
Make sure that everything is happening according to the scrum process
Self organizing, Cross functional
No sub teams
Software engineers, QA engineers, Architectures, UI designers etc.
Waterfall & Agile – Scrum (By: Gihan Wijesinghe – Professional Software Developer)
Key Artefacts (1. Product Backlog)Contain the user stories (sample shows below) written by stakeholders & developers
All the user stories are unimplemented yet, No need to arrange them when starting point
Entire responsible of this backlog is up to Product Owner
Need to arrange the features / user stories according to the priority level, before planning the sprints
Never complete, will change consistently, will become larger when requirements are changing
HR executive assign the salaries to new employees
HR ex. Select the employee and assign basic salary, add fixed allowances, deductions & variable allowances, update data. Sometimes it is need to assign an entire salary scale.
UI: http://demo.treinetic.com/Rentchefnew
Tester will select employees and enter basic salaries & other info. Click the update button.
Updated data will display
Name
Description
Screens
How to test
As a HR Executive I can assign salaries to employees so that useful when preparing pay sheets
Waterfall & Agile – Scrum (By: Gihan Wijesinghe – Professional Software Developer)
Key Artefacts (1. Product Backlog)
Simple example
Waterfall & Agile – Scrum (By: Gihan Wijesinghe – Professional Software Developer)
Key Artefacts (2. Sprint Backlog)
Contain the PBIs (Product backlog items) which are selected to particular Sprint, Items selected on Sprint Planning Meeting
Also contain a plan for deliver the relevant product increment
Development team can change the SB during the sprint
Must sort according to the priority order – up to product owner
Time period will define for each member for each item
Waterfall & Agile – Scrum (By: Gihan Wijesinghe – Professional Software Developer)
Key Artefacts (3. Burn down Chart)Graphical representation of the project progress with time will indicate here
Updating the burn down chart should done by the scrum master
X axis represents the time by Sprints, Y axis represents the work load by story points (mentioned on PB)
Release burn down chart is essential & team also can use spring burn down charts for each sprints.
Waterfall & Agile – Scrum (By: Gihan Wijesinghe – Professional Software Developer)
Scrum Ceremonials (1. Sprint planning meeting)Product owner, Scrum master & Team will attend, Although not compulsory it is better to attend stakeholders as well
Sort / Priorities the product backlog items (backlog refinement) by PO for upcoming sprint, Whole team must help him
2 hours for the 2 weeks sprint / 4 for 4 weeks……………
What is to be develop on the up coming sprint?
How we are going to achieve that goal?
Sprint Planning Meeting
Product BacklogTeam & PO
Sprint Backlog
Sprint Goals
Waterfall & Agile – Scrum (By: Gihan Wijesinghe – Professional Software Developer)
Scrum Ceremonials (2. Daily Scrum Meeting)
Every day during the sprint this meeting must held and discuss the progress
Scrum master & Team will attend, Scrum master should facilitate the meeting, PO is not compulsory
Maximum time will be 15 minutes
Every member need to explain three things:
What I have accomplish after
last meeting
What I’m going to do before the
next meeting
What are the obstacles I have
encounter?
Improve the communication
Identify the problems & obstacles
Improve the project knowledge of every one
Scrum master MUST note all impediments & resolve them
Waterfall & Agile – Scrum (By: Gihan Wijesinghe – Professional Software Developer)
Scrum Ceremonials (3. Sprint Review Meeting)Product owner, Scrum master, Team & Customers / Stake holders will attend
1.5 hours for the 2 weeks sprint / 3 for 4 weeks……………
End of the each sprint this meeting will held with working software part to inspect by customer
Team should demonstrate the increment with focus on the sprint goal
PO, Team & stake holders will review the working part, Should not use slides, Working part is essential
Customer / Stakeholders might ask some amendments, PO must note down them
New requirements might proposed & product backlog might be change as well as the priority order will change
Waterfall & Agile – Scrum (By: Gihan Wijesinghe – Professional Software Developer)
Scrum Ceremonials (4. Sprint Retrospective Meeting)Product owner, Scrum master, Team will participate
1 hours for the 2 weeks sprint / 2 for 4 weeks……………
After the review meeting & before the next sprint meeting, this will held
Team might revise their way of working in the past in order to make future works more efficiently
Scrum master encourage the team to adopt best practice for the improvements of the next sprint
What should Start
What should Stop
What should Continue
Even works are going well NEVER stop restrospective
Waterfall & Agile – Scrum (By: Gihan Wijesinghe – Professional Software Developer)
CONCLUSION