biotec2013unadm

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La Biotecnologa y su quehacer en la actualidad:En busca de un Desarrollo Sostenible

Biotecnologa y SociedadRal Alva

[email protected]

Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Unidad Iztapalapa

6, 6, 6, 2013


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La ingeniera es elLa ingeniera es elarte de transformar aarte de transformar a

la naturalezala naturaleza

Ing Marco Aurelio TorresIng Marco Aurelio Torres


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Humans Shaped Stone Axes 1.8Humans Shaped Stone Axes 1.8Million Years AgoMillion Years Ago


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Working together, we protected our children from theWorking together, we protected our children from the

lions and the hyenaslions and the hyenas

Carl Sagan, Carl Sagan, Pale blue dotPale blue dot, 1994, 1994

h h h k ll h lW h h h kill h ld d


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We taught them the skills they would needWe taught them the skills they would need

And the toolsAnd the tools

Then, as now, technology was the key to our survivalThen, as now, technology was the key to our survival


F 99 9 f h i i iF 99 9 t f th ti i i t


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For 99.9 percent of the time since our species came toFor 99.9 percent of the time since our species came to

be, we were hunters and foragers, wanderers on thebe, we were hunters and foragers, wanderers on the

savannahs and the steppessavannahs and the steppes


Wh h li i l h h h hWh th li t i l th h h th


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When the climate was congenial, though, when theWhen the climate was congenial, though, when the

food was plentiful, we were willing to stay putfood was plentiful, we were willing to stay put

Unadventurous. Overweight. CarelessUnadventurous. Overweight. Careless


I th l t t th d i t t iI th l t t th d i t t i


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In the last ten thousand yearsan instant in ourIn the last ten thousand yearsan instant in our

long history we've abandoned the nomadic fifelong history we've abandoned the nomadic fife

We've domesticated the plants and animalsWe've domesticated the plants and animals

Why chase the food when you can make it come toWhy chase the food when you can make it come to

you?you?



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La revolucin industrial


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Medicina...PenicilinaMedicina...Penicilina


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Estructura del ADN (1953)Estructura del ADN (1953)


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Premios Nobel alrededor del ADNPremios Nobel alrededor del ADN

Fisiologa o MedicinaFisiologa o Medicina

19621962 "discoveries concerning the"discoveries concerning the

molecular structure of nucleic acidsmolecular structure of nucleic acidsand its significance for informationand its significance for informationtransfer in living material"transfer in living material"

19641964 "interpretation of the"interpretation of the geneticgeneticcodecode and its function in proteinand its function in proteinsynthesis"synthesis"

19681968 mechanism of the genetic codemechanism of the genetic codeand its role in protein synthesisand its role in protein synthesis

19781978 "discovery of restriction enzymes"discovery of restriction enzymes

and theirand theirapplication to problems ofapplication to problems ofmolecular geneticsmoleculargenetics""

19891989 ""discovery ofdiscovery ofmobile geneticmobile geneticelementselements and their role in geneticand their role in genetic

transpositiontransposition""19931993 "discoveries of"discoveries ofsplit genessplit genes""

QumicaQumica

19801980 "fundamental studies of the"fundamental studies of the

biochemistry of nucleic acids, withbiochemistry of nucleic acids, withparticular regard toparticular regard to recombinant-recombinant-DNADNA" and "determination of base" and "determination of base

sequences in nucleic acids"sequences in nucleic acids"19931993 "developments of"developments ofmethods withinmethods within

DNA-based chemistryDNA-based chemistry [...][...] inventioninvention

of the polymerase chain reactionof the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method" and "developments(PCR) method" and "developments

ofofmethods within DNA-basedmethods within DNA-based

chemistrychemistry [...] establishment of[...] establishment ofoligonucleotide-based, site-directedoligonucleotide-based, site-directed

mutagenesismutagenesis and its developmentand its developmentfor protein studies"for protein studies"


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Los pecados de la cienciaLos pecados de la ciencia

The physicists haveThe physicists haveknown sin, and this is aknown sin, and this is a

knowledge which theyknowledge which theycannot losecannot lose

J Robert OppenheimerJ Robert Oppenheimer


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Una primavera silenciosa

For as long as man hasdwelt on this planet,spring has been the

season of rebirth, andthe singing of birds. Nowin some parts of Americaspring is strangelysilent

Rachel Carson (1962)


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Cambios en la atmsfera...

En 1957, Roger Revelle y Dave Keeling, Scripps I.O., descubrieron que [CO2](g) areo ha crecido por

el uso de combustibles fsiles (Tellus9,18)


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La guerra de nuevo: VietnamLa guerra de nuevo: Vietnam


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OportunismoOportunismo


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La sociedad y la biotecnologaLa sociedad y la biotecnologa


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Modificamos el genoma del mazModificamos el genoma del maz


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...the March Against Monsanto is being held to also...the March Against Monsanto is being held to also

protest other aspects of the company. The websiteprotest other aspects of the company. The website

states the purposes of the March are:states the purposes of the March are:Research studiesResearch studies have shown that Monsantoshave shown that Monsantos

genetically-modified foodsgenetically-modified foods can lead to serious healthcan lead to serious health

conditionsconditions such as the development of cancer tumors,such as the development of cancer tumors,

infertility and birth defectsinfertility and birth defects

March Against Monsanto Coming to a City Near YouMarch Against Monsanto Coming to a City Near You

Brandi, selected from Diets in ReviewBrandi, selected from Diets in Review

May 18, 2013 3:30 pmMay 18, 2013 3:30 pm

http://www.care2.com/greenliving/march-against-monsahttp://www.care2.com/greenliving/march-against-monsa

J Agric Food Chem. 2010 May 26;58(10):6370-5. doi: 10.1021/jf903065a.J Agric Food Chem. 2010 May 26;58(10):6370-5. doi: 10.1021/jf903065a.

Detection of food-derived damaged nucleosides with possible adverse effects onDetection of food-derived damaged nucleosides with possible adverse effects on
http://www.care2.com/greenliving/march-against-monsanto-coming-to-a-city-near-you.html#ixzz2VIvBSWYThttp://www.care2.com/greenliving/march-against-monsanto-coming-to-a-city-near-you.html#ixzz2VIvBSWYThttp://www.care2.com/greenliving/march-against-monsanto-coming-to-a-city-near-you.html#ixzz2VIvBSWYT


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Detection of food derived damaged nucleosides with possible adverse effects onDetection of food derived damaged nucleosides with possible adverse effects on

human health using a global adductomics approach.human health using a global adductomics approach.

Spilsberg B, Rundberget T, Johannessen LE, Kristoffersen AB, Holst-Jensen A, Berdal KG.Spilsberg B, Rundberget T, Johannessen LE, Kristoffersen AB, Holst-Jensen A, Berdal KG.

SourceSource

Section for Food Bacteriology and GMO, Department of Feed and Food Safety, NationalSection for Food Bacteriology and GMO, Department of Feed and Food Safety, NationalVeterinary Institute, PO Box 750 Sentrum, N-0106 Oslo, Norway.Veterinary Institute, PO Box 750 Sentrum, N-0106 Oslo, Norway.

AbstractAbstract

A range of damaged nucleosides, also found in digested dietary DNA,A range of damaged nucleosides, also found in digested dietary DNA, appearappear to beto be

taken up by cellstaken up by cells and incorporated into the cells' own DNA. Most incorporatedand incorporated into the cells' own DNA. Most incorporated

damaged nucleosides will be repaired by cellular DNA repair systems. However, a smalldamaged nucleosides will be repaired by cellular DNA repair systems. However, a small

fraction of these will escape repair and thus ultimately create mutations. Over the longfraction of these will escape repair and thus ultimately create mutations. Over the longhuman lifespanhuman lifespan thisthis couldcould be a mechanism that contributes to disease, cancer, andbe a mechanism that contributes to disease, cancer, and

agingaging. This study analyzed damaged nucleosides derived from dietary DNA in a. This study analyzed damaged nucleosides derived from dietary DNA in a

commercially successful fungus-based novel food, Quorn, and in two fungus-basedcommercially successful fungus-based novel food, Quorn, and in two fungus-based

food items with a history of safe use, button mushroom ( Agaricus bisporus ) and driedfood items with a history of safe use, button mushroom ( Agaricus bisporus ) and dried

powdered brewers yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ). By using liquid chromatographypowdered brewers yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ). By using liquid chromatography

combined with tandem mass spectrometry more than 90 putative DNA adducts werecombined with tandem mass spectrometry more than 90 putative DNA adducts weremeasured, showing that foods do contain a range of different DNA damages.measured, showing that foods do contain a range of different DNA damages.

PMID:PMID:

2042958720429587

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE][PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


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f fA lf b ti i tfi


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Analfabetismo cientficoAnalfabetismo cientfico

Los resultados de laLos resultados de laencuesta [] son, alencuesta [] son, al

mismo tiempo,mismo tiempo,

alarmantes y esperables.alarmantes y esperables.

Manuel Gil AntnManuel Gil Antn 59% no ha escuchado de59% no ha escuchado de

Conacyt y 56% no sabe aConacyt y 56% no sabe a qu se dedica. Horacioqu se dedica. Horacio

Salazar.Salazar.

36% cree que puede36% cree que puedehaber contacto entrehaber contacto entre

vivos y muertos.vivos y muertos.

DemotecniaDemotecnia, Nov, 2009, Nov, 2009


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"We've arranged a global civilization in which mostcrucial elements [...] profoundly depend on scienceand technology. We have also arranged things so that

almost no one understands science and technology.This is a prescription for disaster."

Carl Sagan

P i d l bi t l P i d l bi t l


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Percepcin de la biotecnologaPercepcin de la biotecnologa

A t i t d Hid bA t i t d Hid b


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Agotamiento de HidrocarburosAgotamiento de Hidrocarburos


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+ + + Eetanol agua energa oxgeno

bixido de carbono

=EFECTO DE INVERNADERO

Soluciones biotecnolgicas?

Algunos han propuesto reemplazar loshidrocarburos

porbiocombustibles, como azcares, etanol, biogas,

biodiesel Pero, realmente son una solucin?

id iy acidez ocenica


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y acidez ocenicay acidez ocenica

E ti i d l


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Estimacin de laproduccin

de oxigeno

Empleo de


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Empleo de

orina para el

cultivo demicroalgas


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Microestructuras biomimticasMicroestructuras biomimticas


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Microestructuras biomimticasMicroestructuras biomimticas

Biomimetic Microstructure Formation ofBiomimetic Microstructure Formation of

High Performance Silk Films and FibersHigh Performance Silk Films and FibersAward Amount: $99,981.00 (FY 2001)Award Amount: $99,981.00 (FY 2001)

The complex biological processing and spinning operations used by theThe complex biological processing and spinning operations used by the

silkworm and spider to create silk fibers lead to a morphology that yieldssilkworm and spider to create silk fibers lead to a morphology that yields

exceptionally high combinations of strength, stiffness, and extensibilityexceptionally high combinations of strength, stiffness, and extensibility

TThe material is likely well suited for highly optimized large space structureshe material is likely well suited for highly optimized large space structures

such as solar sails or space telescopes. Foster-Miller is currently working onsuch as solar sails or space telescopes. Foster-Miller is currently working on

large deployable structures for the Air Force and NASAlarge deployable structures for the Air Force and NASA

Nanoestructuras biomimticasNanoestructuras biomimticas


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Nanoestructuras biomimticasNanoestructuras biomimticas

De la fisiologa vegetal al origen de la vidaDe la fisiologa vegetal al origen de la vida


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By the year 2000, I started to pay more attention to fundamentalBy the year 2000, I started to pay more attention to fundamental

questions related to the origin of life... However, in at least onequestions related to the origin of life... However, in at least oneway, the study of membranes composed of prebiotic buildingway, the study of membranes composed of prebiotic building

blocks such as fatty acids was perfect for me, since this fieldblocks such as fatty acids was perfect for me, since this field

was filled with important yet technically addressable questionswas filled with important yet technically addressable questions

Jack W. SzostakJack W. Szostak

De la fisiologa vegetal al origen de la vidaDe la fisiologa vegetal al origen de la vida

Richard DawkinsRichard Dawkins


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The world would be aThe world would be abetter place if everybodybetter place if everybody

learned to think likelearned to think like

scientists. I don't meanscientists. I don't mean

they should know morethey should know morescience, although thatscience, although that

would be nice too. I meanwould be nice too. I mean

that everybody shouldthat everybody should

base their beliefs uponbase their beliefs upon

evidence, and be highlyevidence, and be highlysuspicious of any beliefssuspicious of any beliefs

that are not based onthat are not based on

evidenceevidence

Richard DawkinsRichard Dawkins


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Los cambios son posibles

Eso hizo Du Pontcuandoen 1974 Molina yRowland publicaron el

efecto del fren sobre elozono (Nature 249, 810 -812)

Por ello la ciencia insisteen los experimentos decontrol

a special responsibilitya special responsibility


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a special responsibility...a special responsibility...


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A travs de la lectura de librosA travs de la lectura de librosde divulgacin cientfica llegude divulgacin cientfica llegupronto a la conviccin de quepronto a la conviccin de quemuchas de las historias bblicasmuchas de las historias bblicasno pueden ser verdaderas.no pueden ser verdaderas.

Como consecuencia abrac conComo consecuencia abrac contodas mis fuerzas la libertad detodas mis fuerzas la libertad depensamiento y empec apensamiento y empec aconsiderar que a la juventud laconsiderar que a la juventud laestaba estafandoestaba estafandointencionadamente el Estadointencionadamente el Estadomediante la propagacin demediante la propagacin dementirasmentiras

Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein

DesmitificaDesmitificar la ciencia y sus usosr la ciencia y sus usos


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DesmitificaDesmitificar la ciencia y sus usosr la ciencia y sus usos

Aprender los cmos de la cienciaAprender los cmos de la ciencia


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Aprender los cmos de la cienciaAprender los cmos de la ciencia

What you learn at theWhat you learn at thelaboratory bench is yourslaboratory bench is yours

foreverforever

Joseph Priestley

(1733 - 1804)

Penicilina serendipiaPenicilina serendipia


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Penicilina serendipiaPenicilina serendipia

Biotecnologa y el Estado MexiBiotecnologa y el Estado Mexicanocano


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Biotecnologa y el Estado MexiBiotecnologa y el Estado Mexicanocano

Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2006Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2006

p. 174p. 174

ESTRATEGIA 8.1ESTRATEGIA 8.1 Consolidar la investigacin en saludConsolidar la investigacin en salud

y el conocimiento en ciencias mdicasy el conocimiento en ciencias mdicas vinculadas a lavinculadas a la

generacin de patentes y al desarrollo de la industrialgeneracin de patentes y al desarrollo de la industrialnacional...nacional...

Para que la investigacin en ciencias de la salud sePara que la investigacin en ciencias de la salud se

convierta en un motor generador de empleos en elconvierta en un motor generador de empleos en el

pas, se establecer una agenda nacional que incentivepas, se establecer una agenda nacional que incentivedicha investigacin,dicha investigacin, particularmente en el reaparticularmente en el reabiotecnolgicabiotecnolgica, pero que tambin facilite y estimule el, pero que tambin facilite y estimule elregistro de patentes de nuevos procesos y productos, eregistro de patentes de nuevos procesos y productos, e

impulse la comercializacin e industrializacin de losimpulse la comercializacin e industrializacin de los

mismos.mismos.

Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2013Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2013

p. 65p. 65

Si bien se han alcanzado importantes logros enSi bien se han alcanzado importantes logros en

algunas reas (comoalgunas reas (como biotecnologabiotecnologa, medio ambiente,, medio ambiente,

ingeniera, entre otras), uningeniera, entre otras), un incremento de la inversinincremento de la inversinpblica y privada debe ir de la mano con elpblica y privada debe ir de la mano con el

fortalecimiento de los mecanismos de vinculacin parafortalecimiento de los mecanismos de vinculacin para

traducirse en unatraducirse en una mayor productividadmayor productividad. Es necesario. Es necesario

alinear las visiones de todos los actores del Sistema dealinear las visiones de todos los actores del Sistema deCTICTI para que las empresas aprovechen laspara que las empresas aprovechen lascapacidades existentes en las instituciones decapacidades existentes en las instituciones deeducacin superior y centros pblicos de investigacineducacin superior y centros pblicos de investigacin..

p. 142p. 142

Estrategia 4.10.4. Impulsar el aprovechamientoEstrategia 4.10.4. Impulsar el aprovechamiento

sustentable de los recursos naturales del pas.sustentable de los recursos naturales del pas.

Lneas de accinLneas de accin Promover la tecnificacin del riego y optimizar el usoPromover la tecnificacin del riego y optimizar el uso

del agua.del agua.

Impulsar prcticas sustentables en las actividadesImpulsar prcticas sustentables en las actividades

agrcola, pecuaria, pesquera y acucola.agrcola, pecuaria, pesquera y acucola.

Establecer instrumentos para rescatar, preservar yEstablecer instrumentos para rescatar, preservar y

potenciar los recursos genticos.potenciar los recursos genticos.Aprovechar el desarrollo de la biotecnologaAprovechar el desarrollo de la biotecnologa,,

cuidando el medio ambiente y la salud humana.cuidando el medio ambiente y la salud humana.

S i i f thi ki


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Science is a way of thinking...

Es mucho lo que la ciencia no entiende,quedan muchos misterios por resolver

Est lejos de ser un instrumento perfecto,

pero s es el mejor que tenemos Por s misma no puede apoyar

determinadas acciones humanas, pero

puede iluminar las posibles consecuenciasde acciones alternativas

No hay dos epistemologas, una para entender y otra paraNo hay dos epistemologas, una para entender y otra para

aplicar, que algo se conoce o no se conoce, en cuyo caso esaplicar, que algo se conoce o no se conoce, en cuyo caso es

i i dibl d ll i i d l ii i dibl d ll i i d l i


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imprescindible desarrollar una ciencia, de la nica, para que noimprescindible desarrollar una ciencia, de la nica, para que no

sigan propalando sandeces sobre ciencia bsica y cienciasigan propalando sandeces sobre ciencia bsica y ciencia

aplicada, que la misin fundamental de la ciencia no esaplicada, que la misin fundamental de la ciencia no esnecesariamente producir mercancas, sino el forjar un ser humanonecesariamente producir mercancas, sino el forjar un ser humano

que sepa y puedaque sepa y pueda

Marcelino CereijidoMarcelino Cereijido

PensamientoPensamiento crtico:crtico:


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PensamientoPensamiento crtico:crtico:Biotecnologa y sociedadBiotecnologa y sociedad

Contexto econmico yContexto econmico ypolticopolticoRespuestas racionalesRespuestas racionales

Detectar afirmacionesDetectar afirmacionesextraordinariasextraordinariasSignificado social de laSignificado social de labiotecnologabiotecnologaPensar crticamente paraPensar crticamente para

la participacin en ella participacin en eldebate pblico con basedebate pblico con basecientficacientfica

Aprenda a amar la ingenieraAprenda a amar la ingeniera


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La tecnologa que los ambientalistas amanLa tecnologa que los ambientalistas amanodiar realmente podra jugar un enorme papelodiar realmente podra jugar un enorme papel

para salvar al planetapara salvar al planeta

Aprenda a amar la ingenieraAprenda a amar la ingenieragenticagentica

E h l Ench le s casa


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Nuestros hogares contribuyen con alrededorNuestros hogares contribuyen con alrededorde un tercio de las emisiones de carbono, asde un tercio de las emisiones de carbono, as

que cada ecoguerrero debera tratar de hacerque cada ecoguerrero debera tratar de hacersu parte en la reduccin de emisionessu parte en la reduccin de emisiones

Enchule su casaEnchule su casa

C tComparta


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Una gran cantidad de energa se ahorrara siUna gran cantidad de energa se ahorrara sislo la gente compartiera ms cosas -slo la gente compartiera ms cosas -

especialmente sus hogaresespecialmente sus hogares

CompartaComparta

L i i lL i i l


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La ciencia no es slo un gozo,La ciencia no es slo un gozo,


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