-Al + infinitivo

-El uso del infinitive después de ciertas preposiciones

-El uso del subjunctivo después de ciertas conjunciones

-El uso del subjunctivo o del indicativo después de cuando

UNIDAD ONCE:En el hotel

Al + infinitivo: Ejemplos• Al llegar al

hotel, el Sr. Ortega le mostró su reservación a la recepcionista.

• Upon arriving at the hotel, Mr. Ortega showed his reservation to the receptionist.

•Al salir del hotel, pagaremos la cuenta.

•On leaving the hotel, we will pay the bill.

•Al ver la cuenta, el cliente se desmayó.

•On seeing the bill, the customer fainted.

To show that two actions occur simultaneously…

…Spanish uses the construction al + infinitive

In such a construction, al is the contraction of

a + el

It means at the (moment of) and corresponds to the English expressions:

On (doing something), upon (doing something), while, and then

Un Poco Mas

• The construction al + negative infinitive usually expresses a cause-and-effect relationship.

Al no ver a mis amigos, me fui.

…in such cases, al corresponds to since, because

Since I did not see my friends, I left.

El uso del infinitive después de ciertas preposiciones

• Ahorro mi dinero para hacer un viaje este verano.

• I am saving my money to go on a trip this summer.

•Te daré mi dirección antes de irme.

•I will give you my address before leaving.

•No uses mi coche sin pedirme permiso.

•Don’t use my car without asking my permission.

In Spanish…

…the INFINITIVE is frequently used after prepositions such as: Antes de………………beforeDespués de………......afterPara……………………to, in order toPor……………………..because ofSin……………………..withoutEn vez de……………..instead of

Note the difference……between para + infinitive

and por + infinitive

El botones vino para ayudar a los clientes del hotel.

The bellboy came (in order) to help the guests of the hotel.

El recibió una propina por ayudar a los clientes.

He received a tip for helping (because he helped) the guests.

El uso del subjunctivo después de ciertas conjuciones

Note the use of the subjunctive

in the following sentences:

Llamo a la recepcionista para que me reserve una habitación.

I am phoning the receptionist so that she will reserve a room for me.

Voy a quedarme en la habitación 42 con tal que tenga vista al mar.

I am going to stay in room 42 provided that it has a view of the ocean.

Ejemplos, cont.No salgas del cuarto sin que el botones te entregue la llave.

Don’t leave the room without the bellboy giving you the key.

Iremos a la Playa Redonda a menos que haga mal tiempo.

We will go to Redondo Beach unless the weather is bad.

Veré al profesor de inglés antes de que salga de vacaciones.

I will see the English professor before he leaves on vacation.

The Subjunctive is used after conjunctions that express:

• A Purpose or Intent– Para que So that

• A Restriction– A menos que Unless– Sin que Without– Con tal (de) que Provided that– A condición de que On the condition that

• Anticipation– Antes (de) que Before

The Infinitive is used after…

…the prepositions para, sin, antes de when there is no change of subject.

Subjunctive

Llamo para que la recepcionista nos

reserve una habitación.

Te veré antes de que salgas.

Infinitive

Llamo para reservar una habitación.

Te veré antes de salir.

El uso del subjunctivo o del indicativo después de cuando

• Compare the use of the indicative and the subjunctive after cuando in the sentences below:

La camarera cambió las sábanas cuando limpió la habitación.

The maid changed the sheets when she cleaned the room.

La camarera va a cambiar las sábanas cuando limpie la habitación.

The maid is going to change the sheets when she cleans the room.

Cuando viajen por Costa Rica este invierno, sacarán muchas fotos.

When they travel through Costa Rica this winter, they will take lots of pictures.

Cuando mis padres viajan, siempre sacan fotos.

When my parents travel, they always take pictures.

• …in time clauses introduced by cuando. • The choice of mood depends on when the

events that are being described occur.– The Indicative is used to refer to past or present

actions or events. In such cases, the main verb is usually in the present indicative or the preterite.

– The Subjunctive is used to refer to future events that have not yet occurred and that are therefore considered as uncertain. In such cases the main verb is usually in the future tense or expresses future time with the construction ir a + infinitive.

Both the indicative and the subjunctive may be used…

The general pattern is:

Cuando Clause Main Clause

Indicative Present indicative or preterite

Subjunctive Future indicative or ir a +

infinitive

The same choice between the indicative and the subjunctive…

…applies after the following conjunctions of time.

Después (de) que after Luego que as soon as

Hasta que until En cuanto as soon as

Mientras que while Tan pronto como as soon as

for as long as

Fui a Francia tan pronto como tuve mi visado.

I went to France as soon as I got my visa.

Iré a México tan pronto como tenga mi pasaporte.

I will go to Mexico as soon as I have my passport.

When the main verb is in the imperative…

• …the choice between the subjunctive and the indicative after cuando and the other conjunctions of time or restriction depends upon whether the clause refers to present or future events.

No me llames cuando estoy en la oficina.

Don’t call me when (whenever) I am in the office.

No me llames cuando esté de viaje la semana próxima.

Don’t call me when I am traveling next week.

Ten cuidado cuando conduces de noche.

Be careful whenever you drive at night (in general).

Ten aún más cuidado cuando conduzcas esta noche.

Be even more careful when you drive tonight (later on).

Un poco más• Both the indicative

and the subjunctive are used in clauses introduced by aunque.– Asistiré a la clase

aunque estoy enfermo.

• I will go to class even though I am sick.

– Asistiré a la clase aunque esté enfermo.

• I will go to class even if I am sick.

•The Indicative is used to refer to a definite, factual event or situation in the present.

•In this case, aunque corresponds to even though or although.

•The Subjunctive is used to refer to a possible, uncertain or hypothetical event or situation.

•In this case, aunque

corresponds to even if.