Date post: | 26-May-2017 |
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Diapositiva 14
METODO DE FORMULACION BRUCE MARSHALL
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Diapositiva 33
LA ADHERENCIA
Capacidad de un ligante asfáltico para pegarse a la superficie de los agregados
minerales para:
•Evitar deslizamientos o desplazamientos relativamente altos de las partículas, que
deformen las capas asfálticas
•Impedir el desprendimiento de los fragmentos de roca que constituyen el
esqueleto mineral de las mezclas asfálticas
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Diapositiva 34
MODOS DE FALLA
1. DESPLAZAMIENTO DEL ASFALTO POR ACCIÓN DEL AGUA
2. SEPARACIÓN DEL ASFALTO POR:
1. Humedad
2. Contaminación con finos u hollin
3. Presencia de agregados silicosos ( cuarzos)
4. Alta viscosidad en la mezcla
3. RUPTURA DE LA PELICULA DE ASFALTO
1. Por presión de poros
2. Por fragmentación de agregados
4. DOSIFICACION DEFICIENTE
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FACTORES QUE FAVORECEN UNA BUENA ADHERENCIA
ASFALTO 1. Tensión Superficial
2. Viscosidad3. Composición
4. Origen 5. Formas de obtención
6. Recubrimiento
AGREGADO MINERAL1. Composición2. Textura superficial3. Porosidad4. Estado superficial5. Limpieza
MEZCLA1. Compactación
2. Dosificación3. Homogeneidad de cubrimiento
4. Temperatura de la mezcla5. Temperatura de compactación
AGENTES EXTERNOSMEDIO AMBIENTE
OTROS1. Acción quimica
2. Acción Radiactiva3. Esfuerzos
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Diapositiva 36
“LA ADHERENCIA O AFINIDAD ENTRE EL AGREGADO MINERAL Y EL
LIGANTE ASFÁLTICO, DEBE SER UN MATRIMONIO PERFECTO
PARA QUE SEA DURABLE”
Anonimo
Algunos piensan que es necesario usar aditivos,LOS EXPERTOS LO SABEN !!!!
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Diapositiva 37
PRUEBAS PARA MEDIR LA ADHERENCIA
PRUEBAS FÍSICAS
PRUEBAS QUÍMICAS
PRUEBAS MECÁNICAS
MÉTODO INGLES O BRASILERO IUtiliza la acción del agua estilada calientea 40 °C, durante 72 horas.
MÉTODO RIEDER WEBER O BRASILERO IIUtiliza la accion del carbonato sodico Na2CO3 y la temperatura
MÉTODO DE ESTABILIDAD RESIDUALCompara la estabilidad de briquetas con inmersióna 24 horas contra briquetas con inmersión a 30 minutosa 60 ° C.
MÉTODO DE TRACCIÓN INDIRECTACompara la resistencia a la tración de briquetas convacios del 6 a 8 %, saturadas contra briquetas sin saturación
METODO DE INMERSIÓN COMPRESIÓNCompara la resistencia a la compresión de briquetasSumergidas, contra briquetas sin sumergir en agua
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Diapositiva 38
PRUEBAS PARA MEDIR LA ADHERENCIA ASFÁLTICA
MÉTODO BRASILERO I
Ó MÉTODO INGLES
1. Se lavan y se secan 500 gramos de agregados pasantes del tamiz ¾ y retenidos en el tamiz de ½
pulgada.
2. Se adicionan 17.5 gramos de material asfáltico y se mezcla hasta cubrir las partículas, considerando
las siguientes temperaturas:
MATERIAL ASFÁLTICO AGREGADO MINERAL
CEMENTO ASFÁLTICO 120 °C 100 °C
ASFALTO LÍQUIDO 100 °C 60 °C
EMULSIÓN ASFÁLTICA TEMPERATURA AMBIENTE
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Diapositiva 39
3. Una vez curados los asfáltos líquidos o rota la emulsión asfáltica y alcanzada la temperatura
ambiente, se lleva la mezcla a un beaker y se la somete a inmersión en agua destilada por 72
horas a 40° C.
4. Con ayuda de una lámpara de 75 watts, se realiza una evaluación visual de las áreas recubiertas
con un nivel de apreciación de MAYOR O MENOR DE 80 % .
SE CONSIDERA UNA ADHERENCIA SATISFACTORIA LOS RESULTADOS DE
MAYOR AL 80 % DE ÁREA CUBIERTA CON ASFALTO
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Diapositiva 40
PRUEBAS PARA MEDIR LA ADHERENCIA ASFÁLTICA
METODO BRASILERO II
RIEDER WEBER
1. Se preparan nueve soluciones de CARBONATO DE SODIO ANHIDRO ( Na2 Ca3 ).
2. Se mezclan en volumen, 71 % de agregados pasantes del tamiz N° 30 y retenidos en el tamiz N° 70,
con el 29% de ligante asfáltico.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
53 grNa2 CO3
en 500 cc.de agua
250 ccde 10 en500 cc. de agua
250 ccde 9 en500 cc.de agua
250 ccde 8 en500 cc.de agua
Aguadestilada
0
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Diapositiva 41
3. Una vez fría la mezcla, se lleva 0.5 gramos a un tubo de ensayo y se utiliza 3 centímetros de longitud
o 6 centímetros cúbicos de agua destilada (SOLUCION N° 0), sometiendo el conjunto a hervir en un
baño de glicerina, durante 1 minuto.
4. Se evalua el desprendimiento del agregado, si no se registro desprendimiento, se somete otra
muestra de 0.5 gramos a la acció de la SOLUCIÓN N° 1, repitiendose el ejercicio hasta lograr el
desprendimiento total.
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Diapositiva 42
5. La evaluación se realiza usando el número de adhesividad y la calificación de adherencia según la
siguiente tabla, indicando el número en donde inicio el desprendimiento de asfalto y el número en
donde terminó.
INDICE DE ADHESIVIDAD ADHERENCIA
0 MALA
1 A 3 SATISFACTORIA
4 A 9 BUENA
10 OPTIMA
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ELABORACION DE MEZCLAS
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Diapositiva 125
EJERCICIO1. Determine la fórmula de trabajo y realice el análisis de
tolerancias.
2. Para el estado óptimo dibuje el diagrama de fase.
3. Para un metro cúbico de mezcla determine las cantidades de
cada una de las fracciones de agregado y la cantidad de ligante
necesarias para su producción.
4. Aplicando el polígono de Ramcodes dibuje la distribución
volumétrica o carta volumétrica de la mezcla seleccionada como
óptima.
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