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Andrea Testore 1
Mission Requirements
Possibilities: Issues:
RQM
M-RQM: lifetime 50 yrs
M-RQM: GEO orbit
M-RQM: European mission
Wide amount of data
Focused on certain location
Benefits for European country
Andrea Testore 2
Applications definition
Applications:
Human Activities
Civil Defence
Weather
Hydrology
Climate Change
Possibilities:
Wide amount of data
Focused on certain location
Benefits for European country
Andrea Testore 3
Target Location
Human Activities: • Agriculture• Cultural Heritage• Oilfield Subsidence• Urbanization Control
Civil Defence: • Earthquake• Volcano• Landslide• Fooding
Weather Hyd
rolo
gy
Climate Change
Andrea Testore 4
Applications RQM
App δa (m)
Time Res. (hr)
Delivery (hr)
Snow 200 2 12
NWP 2000 0.25 0.3
Earthquake 100 6 6
Agriculture 100 24 /
App δa (m)
Time Res. (hr)
Delivery (hr)
Snow 200 2 12
NWP 2000 0.25 0.3
Hydrology 1000 1 1
Agriculture 100 24 /
REQUIRES:
• Integration Time
• High frequency
imaging capability
• Communication link
Andrea Testore 5
Applications analysis
Applications T*δa
Flooding 60 (X)
Earthquake 120 (X)
Snow Mass 400 (L)
NWP 500 (L)
Hydrology 1000 (L)
Cultural Heritage 7200 (X)
Rank Applications
1 Civil Defence
2 Weather
3 Hydrology
4 Human Activities
5 Climate Change
Payload RQM:
System RQM:
• Active shadowed conditions
• High flexibility
• T*δa > 60 mhr (X) • T*δa > 400 mhr (L)
• δa > 10 m • Image within 12 hr • Applications
• Europe • Delivery !
Andrea Testore 6
Payload Operation Ap
p
Gen
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Ago
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Snow
APS
Hydrology
Agriculture
App
Gen
Feb
Mar
Ap
r
May
Jun
Jul
Ago
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Snow
Cultural
Agriculture
Workload types:
• Spot
• Seasonal
• Continuous
Andrea Testore 7
Worst Case Scenario
Monthly Work Load System sizing:
• March
• Spot applications
8
Daily duty cycle
Rank Month Allert
Control Logic
Andrea Testore 9
SAR Technology
V
δa
R
δa: Azimuth Resolution
λ : Wavelength
Andrea Testore 10
Velocity East – West
Available velocity along the day:
11
Conclusions
δa Reduction:
Tres Reduction:
0.00%20.00%40.00%60.00%80.00%
100.00%
Earthquake Volcano Agriculture
Orbit&availability&
Usr. RQM Sugg. RQM
No!Images!50%!
Images!50%!
Imaging&availability&
Issues:
RQM
Solutions:
12!
M-RQM: lifetime 50 yrs Satellites overlap
U-RQM: 15 min frequency image
Increase available speed
: wider sample of data
Constellation has been studied in order to provide an even better service:
Multiple area coverage
5700 - Constellation
Andrea!Testore!–!PL!Constella:on!
NICE TO HAVE
2 satellites with out-of-sync ground-track speed.
Issue: Image suffers Atmospheric Phase Shift.
Double Monostatic
13! Andrea!Testore!–!PL!Constella:on!
• C-RQM: Inter-satellite baseline <38,5 Km
• C-RQM: Orbit
14!
• 6 hrs InSAR capability
• Higher imaging capability
• Applications handover
SMA e i RAAN AOP
42164 0,089 7,5 102 90
RQM
Issue: Higher ΔV for the 2nd generation satellite
Double Monostatic
Andrea!Testore!–!PL!Constella:on!
Bistatic design Issue: 1st generation performance degradation reduce imaging capability.
Flanking 1st gen satellite with new one it can still receive the return signal.
15!
ADCS Degradation Pow
er Degradation
Ac:ve! Dependant!
Band
Com.!
App
RX
Andrea!Testore!–!PL!Constella:on!
16!
• C-RQM: Inter-satellites baseline < 77 Km (Accuracy λ/8 = 3,75 mm )
• C-RQM: Precise inter satellites time sync. (nanoseconds)
• Extend 1st gen. satellite lifetime.
• Functions handover
• Single pass InSAR topography
RQM
Bistatic design
λ * S Δr * cos Θ
B⊥= * 0,2
Issue: small orbit percentage available
Andrea!Testore!–!PL!Constella:on!
Multi coverage
• Wider amount of data
• Repositioning possibility
• Different type of applications
Latitude (deg) Longitude (deg)
West 0 99,5 W
Europe 0 0
East 0 110 E
17!
• C-RQM: Orbital parameters
Andrea!Testore!–!PL!Constella:on!
Applications Interval (hr) Data coverage
Subsidence 24 100%
APS/NWP 0.25 100%
Civil Defence Var. 100%
Hydrology 1 100%
Agriculture 3 100%
Urbanization 720 100%
Applications Interval (hr) Data coverage
Subsidence 24 >80%
Deforestation 2880 >90%
Civil Defence 2800 Poor
Urbanization 720 Poor
GeoSAR West
18!
1
2
Andrea!Testore!–!PL!Constella:on!
19!
Applications Interval (hr) Data coverage
Subsidence 24 100%
APS/NWP 0.25 >90%
Civil Defence Var. 100%
Hydrology 1 >90%
Agriculture 3 93%
Urbanization 720 88,8%
Applications Interval (hr) Data coverage
Subsidence 24 >90%
Civil Defence 2800 poor
Urbanization 720 88,6%
1
2
GeoSAR East
Andrea!Testore!–!PL!Constella:on!
20!
Multi-coverage
Double Monostatic
• Low formation complexity
• Larger orbit percentage available
• Higher fuel mass required
Bistatic
• Complex formation control
• Small orbit percentage available
• More efficient handover
Conclusions
Andrea!Testore!–!PL!Constella:on!
Future work
Study!reposi:oning!opera:on!and!schedule.!
Analyse!func:on!handover!and!define!opera:onal!mode!!
Size!subPsystems!for!higher!sta:on!keeping!cost!(2°!gen.!satellite)!
Andrea!Testore!–!PL!Constella:on!21!