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INTERMEDIATE LEVEL UNIT 3- SENA CENTRO
COLOMBO- ALEMÁN- REGIONAL ATLÁNTICO
Meiby Balza Corrales
Lester Navas Escorcia
Raul Iriarte
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UNIT 3
TRANSPORT II
WHAT’S IN THIS UNIT?
Present perfect simple
Present perfect continuous
Public transport II
Writing about transportation problems in our city
Vocabulary about massive transport facilities
Tell us something about the transport of your hometown
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LONDON UNDERGROUND
The London Underground is a public transport network,
composed of electrified railways (that is, a metro system)
that run underground in tunnels in central London and
above ground in the city's suburbs. The oldest
metropolitan underground network in the world, first
operating in 1863, the London Underground is usually
referred to as either simply "the Underground" by
Londoners, or (more familiarly) as "the Tube".
Since 2003, the Tube has been part of Transport for London (TfL), which also schedules
and lets contracts for the famous red double-decker buses. Previously London Transport
was the holding company for London Underground.
There are currently 275 open stations and over 253 miles (408 km) of active lines, with
three million passengers journeys made each day (927 million journeys made 1999-2000;
there are a number of stations and tunnels now closed).
Lines on the Underground can be classified into two types: sub-surface and deep level.
The sub-surface lines were dug by the cut-and-cover method, with the tracks running
about 5 metres below the surface. Trains on the sub-surface lines have the same loading
gauge as British mainline trains.
The deep-level or "tube" lines, bored using a tunnelling shield, run about 20 metres below
the surface (although this varies considerably), with each track running in a separate
tunnel lined with cast-iron rings. These tunnels can have a diameter as small as 3.56m
(11ft 8.25in) and the loading gauge is thus considerably smaller than on the sub-surface
lines, though standard gauge track is used.
Lines of both types usually emerge onto the surface outside the central area, the
exceptions being the Victoria Line which is in tunnel for its entire length save for a
maintenance depot, and the Waterloo & City Line which, being very short, has no non-
central part and no surface line.
Each station displays the Underground logo containing the station's name in place of the
word "Underground", both at entrances to the station and repeatedly along the station
walls so that they can easily be seen by passengers on arriving trains.
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In addition, many stations' walls are decorated in tile motifs that are unique to the station,
such as profiles of Sherlock Holmes' head at the Baker Street station or a cross containing
a crown at the King's Cross station.
Questions about the text
1. The London Underground runs, as the name implies, all the time underground.
True. False. We don't know.
2. There are more than 275 stations.
True. False. We don't know.
3. The sub-surface lines run about
a. five metres below the surface. b. fifteen metres below the surface. c. twenty
metres below the surface.
4. The Waterloo & City line is the longest in the system.
True. False. We don't know.
5. Baker Street station is decorated with profiles of Sherlock Holmes' head.
True. False. We don't know.
6. It is estimated that there are
927 million passengers per day. 1 million passengers per year. 3 million
passengers per day.
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1. VOCABULARY CORNER. Do it yourself!!!
Instructions: Look up the following words / phrases in your dictionary. Make
sentences and a dialogue using them.
WORD / PHRASE DEFINITION / SYNONYM TRANSLATION
Customs office
Double-decker
Baggage
Boarding pass
Book (verb)
Carousel
Claim area
Fasten - Unfasten
Make nervous
Name tag
Railways
Schedule or timetable
Seatbelt
Take away
The loading gauge It defines the maximum height and width for railway vehicles and their loads to ensure safe passage through bridges, tunnels and other structures
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Tile motifs a thin square or rectangular slab of baked clay, concrete, etc., used in overlapping rows for covering roofs with a single or recurring image forming a design.
Window seat
Discuss the following questions with a partner.
1. Do you charge your plane tickets or pay cash? 2. Why do customs officers take away fruit and plants at the airport? 3. What’s the advantage of booking your hotel room? 4. Will you choose a window seat or a seat in the aisle next time you travel? 5. When can you fasten – unfasten your seatbelt?
VOCABULARY II
Things you should keep in mind Things you may hear
How can I tell if...?
What should I do than/ next / after that?
Can I get this discount pass from normal
ticket machines or from special ticket
machines?
Can I buy a ticket / card / pass only on
Monday or any day?
How does the discount card work?
You need to insert the ticket / card /
pass into the machine.
Activity: Write a dialog including the words you have just learnt
LISTENING III
Instructions: Matt has just arrived in Osaka, Japan. He wants to get around by public
transport. Kumiko, an Information Officer, helps him. Listen to their conversation. Tick √
the information that Matt asks about.
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a. train timetables ______
b. ticket machines ______
c. late night train services ______
d. ticket prices ______
e. train and bus connections ______
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
FORM
Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Progressive
irregular verbs: form of 'have' + 3rd column of
irregular verbs
Example:
I / you / we / they have spoken
he / she / it has spoken
regular verbs: form of 'have' + infinitive + ed
Example:
I / you / we / they have worked
he / she / it has worked
form of 'have' + been + verb + ing
Example:
I / you / we / they have been speaking
he / she / it has been speaking
Exceptions
Exceptions when adding 'ed' :
when the final letter is e, only add d
Example:
love - loved
after a short, stressed vowel, the final
consonant is doubled
Example:
admit - admitted
final l is always doubled in British English
(not in American English)
Example:
travel - travelled
Exceptions when adding 'ing' :
silent e is dropped. (but: does not apply for
-ee)
Example: come - coming
aber: agree - agreeing
after a short, stressed vowel, the final
consonant is doubled
Example: sit - sitting
after a vowel, the final consonant l is
doubled in British English (but not in
American English).
Example: travel - travelling
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after a consonant, final y becomes i (but:
not after a vowel)
Example:
worry - worried
but: play - played
final ie becomes y.
Example: lie - lying
USE
Result or duration?
Do you want to express what has happened so far or how long an action has been going
on?
Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Progressive
Result (what / how much / how often)
I have written 5 letters. / I have been to London
twice.
Duration (how long)
I have been writing for an hour.
Emphasis on completion or duration?
Do you want to emphasize the completion of an action or its continuous course (how has
somebody spent his time)?
Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Progressive
Emphasis on completion
I have done my homework. (Meaning: My homework is completed now.)
Emphasis on duration
I have been doing my homework. (Meaning: That's how I have spent my time. It does not matter whether the homework is completed now.)
Result or side effect?
Do you want to express that a completed action led to a desired result or give reason for the results obtained.
Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Progressive
Result Expressing why we have a result
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I have washed the car. (Result: The car is clean now.)
Why are you so wet? - I have been washing the car.
EXERCISES ON PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE Positive Sentences Write positive sentences in present perfect simple The following people have just completed an action.
1. Bob / visit / his grandma
_______________________________________________
2. Jimmy / play / on the computer
_________________________________________
3. Sue and Walter / wash / their car _______________________________________
4. Andrew / repair / his bike
_______________________________________________
5. Phil / help / Anne with maths
___________________________________________
6. Brad and Louise / watch / a film ________________________________________
7. Tamara / talk to / her best friend _______________________________________
8. Bridgette / draw / a picture
_____________________________________________
Negative Sentences
Write negative sentences in present perfect simple.
The weather was wonderful today. So the children were in the park all afternoon and have
not done their household chores:
1. Carolina / not / wash the dishes ________________________________________
2. Anita / not / clean the kitchen __________________________________________
3. Maureen and Gavin / not / water the plants ______________________________
4. Joey / not / make his bed
______________________________________________
5. David / not / buy milk
__________________________________________________
6. Carolina / not / be to the baker's _______________________________________
7. Aran and Jack / not / do their homework ________________________________
8. Jane and Ben / not / tidy up their rooms ________________________________
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Questions Write questions in present perfect simple.
1. you / answer / the
question________________________________________________
2. Jenny / lock / the door
___________________________________________________
3. Walter / call / us
________________________________________________________
4. you / see / the
picture_____________________________________________________
5. your parents / get / the letter
_____________________________________________
6. it / rain / a lot
____________________________________________________________
7. how often / we / sing / the song
__________________________________________
8. Maureen / watch / the film
_________________________________________________
9. how many books / Bob / read
_____________________________________________
EXERCISES ON PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE Positive Sentences Write positive sentences in present perfect progressive.
1. Albert / squash / play
____________________________________________________
2. Carolina / the match / watch
_____________________________________________
3. we / in the park / wait
__________________________________________________
4. you / a song / sing
_____________________________________________________
5. I / a magazine / read
___________________________________________________
6. it / rain / all day
_______________________________________________________
7. Phil and Greg / a race / run
_____________________________________________
8. she / her teeth / brush
__________________________________________________
9. the Millers / in London / live / for three years ______________________________
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10. we / on the lake / sail
__________________________________________________
Negative Sentences
Write negative sentences in present perfect progressive.
1. we / not / in the mountains / walk
_________________________________________
2. Beatrice / not / in Boston / teach
___________________________________________
3. Ricky / not / the car / wash
________________________________________________
4. she / not / a poem / write
_________________________________________________
5. we / not / tea /
drink_______________________________________________________
6. we / not / our rooms / clean
_______________________________________________
7. the children / not / on the floor / sleep
_____________________________________
8. Jeff and Linda / not / cycle
________________________________________________
9. Christine / not / her home / decorate
_______________________________________
Questions
Write questions in present perfect progressive.
1. she / on the phone / talk _____________________________________________
2. his brother / dinner / cook _____________________________________________
3. Jane and Mary / badminton / play ______________________________________
4. Sue / in the gym / exercise_____________________________________________
5. Robert / the room /
paint________________________________________________
6. they / trees /
plant______________________________________________________
7. Henry / in the garage /
work_____________________________________________
8. they / in the lake /
swim________________________________________________
9. how long / Boris / English /
learn_________________________________________
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10. how long / you / for me / wait___________________________________________
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE OR PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE Put the verbs into the correct tense (Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect
Progressive).
Situation 1
A: (you / take)______________________________the dog for a walk yet?
B: I______________________________(work) all day.
I____________________________ (come / just) home from work and
I_________________________ (have / not) the time yet to walk the dog.
A: How long ______________________________ (the dog / be) home alone?
B: For about 6 hours. You ______________________________ (walk / not) the dog for a
long time. Don't you want to go?
A: Well, I ______________________________(laze / not) about all day either, you know. I
have a very important meeting tomorrow and I still______________________________
(finish / not) my presentation.
B: Okay, I will go then. Where ______________________________(you / put) collar and
leash?
A: They are in the kitchen. By the way, ______________________________ (you / eat)
anything yet? If not, could you get us something from the supermarket?
Situation 2
A: I ______________________________ (call) for you for half an hour. Where
______________________________ (be)? And why are your clothes so dirty?
B: I ______________________________ (tidy) up the shed in the garden.
A: ______________________________ (you / find) a box with old photos there? I
______________________________ (look) for it for ages.
B: I ______________________________ (discover / not) it yet, but
I____________________________________(work / not) for a long time.
I___________________________________(come / just) in to eat something.
A: I___________________________________ (cook / not) anything yet because
I___________________________________ (talk) to our neighbour.
Put the verbs into the correct tense (Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect
Progressive).
1. I ______________________________ (play / not) on the computer for half an
hour, only for about 5 minutes.
2. Bob ______________________________ (drive / not) a car for eight years.
3. Carla______________________________ (go / not) on holiday for three years.
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4. We______________________________ (run / not) for 40 minutes - there are still
10 minutes left.
5. They______________________________ (smoke / not) for 10 days now.
WRITING Instructions: A friend of yours is coming to Barranquilla for the first time; explain to
him the means of transportation we have here using the grammar and the vocabulary studied in unit 3. _____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ON LINE RESOURCES
http://www.lyricstraining.com/. Listening http://www.wordreference.com/. Dictionary http://www.howjsay.com/. Pronunciation http://www.ego4u.com Grammar and vocabulary. http://a4esl.org/q/h/idioms.html. Phrasal verbs