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NRG Energy, Inc. Confidential
SM
Ivanpah Solar Energy From the Sun! Richard C. Mason Chief Chemist, Indian River Power NRG Energy Laura Sterk Plant Chemist Ivanpah Solar
NRG Energy, Inc. Confidential 3
One of the Nation’s Largest and Most Diverse Generation Portfolios
nuclear oil coal gas wind solar district energy
Guam Haiti, Puerto Rico, St. Croix
St. John, Necker Island
47% 31% 11% 7% 2% 1%
gas
coal
oil Renewables (wind & solar)
nuclear
53,547 MW Total power capacity
Australia Turkey
As of March, 2015; excluding 1,346 MW thermal
NRG Energy, Inc. Confidential
One of the Nation’s Largest and Most Diverse Generation Portfolios
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Combined Scale
Gas 25,301 MW 47%
Coal 16,734 MW 31%
Oil 6,008 MW 11%
Renewables 3,579 MW 7%
Nuclear 1,176 MW 2%
International 749 MW 1%
Total 53,547 MW
nuclear oil coal gas wind solar
Diversity of fuel-type, dispatch level, and geographic region help mitigate risk and moderate market demand cycles
NRG Energy, Inc. Confidential
Sustainability is the ability to endure into the future.
© 2015, NRG Energy, Inc.
Grow our business while reducing CO2 50% by 2030, on the path to a 90% reduction by 2050
Long-term sustainability goal
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2014 baseline – projected to be 125 million metric tons of CO2
Absolute target
Footprint updated with Annual Report and Annual Sustainability Report
• Deployment of renewable energy resources and services
• NRG Carbon 360
• Coal to Natural Gas Conversions
• Plant Equipment upgrades and efficiency advancements
• Engaging our customers and employees
Steps we are taking
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Our two-fold approach to combat climate change
What we believe
Market forces, economic pressures, and environmental regulations are all moving toward a path of fewer but cleaner traditional central power plants and more distributed energy resources. NRG believes that the future of energy is partnering with like-minded organizations to help them achieve their reliability and clean energy goals.
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NRG Energy, Inc. Confidential
NRG’s long-term sustainability vision
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Our vision is to
catalyze the shift
to a sustainable
energy future
“We have a moral imperative to fight climate change” David Crane, CEO NRG
55% of adults said they are more likely to purchase from a company
that is environmentally friendly1
35 US states have adopted climate change action plans, and
25 states have set energy efficiency targets3
Sustainable energy – Why now?
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NRG Sets Unprecedented Sustainability Goals for 2030, 2050
The world of tomorrow will be powered by the choices we make today.
As the largest competitive generator in the US, we are showing that we can grow our business while reducing CO2 emissions.
Our sustainability commitment translates to avoiding the following by 2050:
• 3 billion tons of CO2 emissions • Deforestation of 18,000 square miles of Amazon rain
forest • 7,000,000 homes’ carbon emissions from fuel
and electricity every year between now and 2050
Source: 1) Mintel/Experian Simmons NCS/NHCS: Summer 2011 NHCS Adult Full Year – POP, 2) 2010 UN Global Compact CEO Survey, based on 766 responses 3) White House Climate Action Plan
94% of CEOs think that sustainability issues should be fully
embedded into companies’ strategy and operations2
reducing C02 by
50% by 2030
On the path to
90% C02 reduction by
by 2050
NRG Energy, Inc. Confidential
Ivanpah Organization
Solar Partners Holdco, LLC - Equity Investors NRG Google BrightSource
Three Individual Projects Solar Partners II – Ivanpah #1 - ~25 yr PPA with PG&E. Solar Partners I – Ivanpah #2 - ~25 yr PPA with SCE. Solar Partners VIII – Ivanpah #3 - ~25 yr PPA with PG&E.
Southern California Edison Transmission Upgrade Implementing their El Dorado to Ivanpah Transmission
Project (EITP)
NRG Energy, Inc. Confidential
Site
Geography and Footprint • Project site is 3500 acres • Each unit about 900
acres • Unit 1 to Unit 3 Tower =
3.2 miles • Edge of U1 SF to edge of
U3 SF = 5 miles
Tower • Total Height is 459’
– ~325 ft steel structure w/ the boiler on top
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NRG Energy, Inc. Confidential
Environmental Considerations
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• Flora and fauna – Protected Species Desert Tortoises Kit foxes Succulent Desert Plants Weed Management • Water - 100 acre-ft/year
2 on-site wells provide all the water
• Air – Emissions Title V GHS/cap and trade
• Avian and Bat - nesting and migratory birds
Mortality surveys Scavenger surveys
NRG Energy, Inc. Confidential
Energy from Sun
• Insolation is a measure of solar radiation energy received on a given surface area and recorded during a given time.
• Direct insolation is the solar irradiance measured at a given location on Earth, excluding atmospheric diffused insolation.
• Solar radiation is absorbed & converted to thermal energy, causing an increase in the object's temperature.
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NRG Energy, Inc. Confidential
Power Block Configuration
SOLAR RECEIVER STEAM GENERATOR (RILEY POWER) Concentrated sunlight converts water in a boiler to high-temperature steam.
HELIOSTATS (BRIGHTSOURCE) Software-controlled field of mirrors concentrate sunlight on a boiler mounted on a central tower.
OPTIMIZATION / CONTROL SOFTWARE (BRIGHTSOURCE) Solar Field Integrated Control System is the proprietary optimization software to manage heliostat positioning and optimize concentrated sunlight on the boiler.
TURBINE (SIEMENS) Steam powers turbine to produce electricity – then is converted back to water through an air-cooled condenser.
AIR-COOLED CONDENSER (SPX) Environmentally friendly in design, using 95% less water than competitive technologies.
NRG Energy, Inc. Confidential
Solar Steam Generator
Boiler • 2646 psig / 1054 F
– Evaporator section – Super Heater – Reheat
Controls • IR Cameras – 2/wall, total 8 • Heat Flux Sensors – 24 pairs of
TCs embedded in SH, RH, and EVA tubes.
• About 1180 loops, 120 MOVs (networked), 17 CVs
• 100% steam bypass, no atmospheric dump valves
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NRG Energy, Inc. Confidential
Solar Steam Generator Layout
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Superheat
Evaporator
Reheat
Protection Panels
NRG Energy, Inc. Confidential
Steam Turbine Generator
Turbine • Siemens SST-900 • HP and IP Turbine • HP – 7200 RPM • Reduction gear box for HP • IP – 3600 RPM Generator • 135 MVA • 3600 RPM Design • Fast Startup • Daily Cycling
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NRG Energy, Inc. Confidential
Air Cooled Condenser
ACC-SPX • Water Consumption limited to
100 acre-ft / year • 3 Streets of 5 fans / Unit • 2 Speed
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NRG Energy, Inc. Confidential 18
Solar Field
Mirror Focal lengths 4 different focal lengths were used in solar field
-250m -450m -750m -1000m
~60,000 heliostats per Unit
NRG Energy, Inc. Confidential
System Components: Heliostat
LH-2.2 Heliostat 2 Mirrors/heliostat
Metal support structure Dual-axis drives Heliostat controller Focuses sun on SRSG
Under SFINCS control
System Components: Heliostat
NRG Energy, Inc. Confidential
Solar Field Control System (SFINCS)
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Heliostat desired aiming points calculating to: • Flux vs Load balancing • Implement quick flux reduction / defocusing • Measuring SRSG skin temperature • Alert on crossing temperature limits
NRG Energy, Inc. Confidential
Weather Station Measurements Radiation Direct Normal Radiation (DNR) - Critical for optimizing performance Global Horizontal (GH) radiation Diffused Horizontal (DH) radiation UV horizontal radiation
Wind Wind speed in different locations - Critical for SF safety during high winds Wind direction
Ambient weather Ambient temperature Relative humidity Barometric pressure Rainfall
General Description
NRG Energy, Inc. Confidential 2010 NRG Confidential
Operations During Cloud Movement
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U1.01MAA10CS015_AS1.OUT100.01347%U1.01MAA10CS905_AS1.OUT100.02169%U1.1JSRT4011A.RT1021.61194
U1.01MKA10CE001.OUT91.90353MWU1.01MKA01CE074.OUT90.87400
U1.1EMETP0211.JTA4.31510MWU1.01MKA01DE001.OUTConfigureMWU1.01MKA01DE002.OUTConfigureMWU1.1EYENG0252ZSC.ENG1U1.EYTrue
Turbine Speed Ch.C2o3 Voting, Turbine SpeedWS-4010 DIRECT NORMAL RADI..Generator OutputMWUAT REAL POWERActive PowerActive PowerGCB CLOSED
1/27/2014 12:38:25 PM1/27/2014 7:57:49 AM 4.68 hours
TURBINE - GENERATOR-U1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
100
0
1050
0
150
0
150
0
25
0
150
0
150
-1
1
Generator Output
Solar Energy
NRG Energy, Inc. Confidential
Ivanpah Chemistry Challenges • Working with OEM’s regarding elevated pH specs for
ACC, and alternate chemical use. • Makeup: mobile demineralizer using well water – ZLD
site – Controlling costs – Alternate technologies • Condensate Polishers – Off-site regeneration –
Operation in Ammonia form • 10 um filtration for suspended iron particulate in front
of polishing • SWAS panel instrumentation – Flow changes and daily
adjustments • Typical cycling chemistry issues • WSAC use and chemical treatment
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NRG Energy, Inc. Confidential
Demineralization Trailer
Cost of ultrapure water is 5.5 cents per gallon
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NRG Energy, Inc. Confidential
Demineralization SWAS
Monitoring Capabilities
• Silica • Sodium • Conductivities • Specific • Cation • Degassed Cation
• pH
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NRG Energy, Inc. Confidential
Prefilters Fil-Trek
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– polypropylene oxide filter
– 10 microns – 40” length – max diff pressure 60 PSID – Typical change out
NRG Energy, Inc. Confidential
Condensate Polisher Operating Parameters
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• Flow=600-900 gpm →4.38-6.56 gpm/ft3 • Pressure= inlet ~145 psig, outlet ~130 psig • Strong cation resin (H+), strong anion resin
(OH-) 2:1 resin ratio – Purolite SGC 550, Purolite SGA 650
• 2 vessels/unit—1 @100% flow; 1@standby – Partial bypass—to avoid high inlet temps during
summer • Offsite regeneration
NRG Energy, Inc. Confidential
Ivanpah Chemistry – Next steps . . .
• Increased iron monitoring from ACC and cycle • Consider existing and emerging technologies to
reduce water usage and costs
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Ivanpah Chemistry Challenges
Current State of the Systems
Laura Sterk, MS PLANT CHEMIST - IVANPAH
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Ivanpah Chemistry Challenges • Lowered pH value in blowdown • Makeup: mobile demineralizer using well
water – ZLD site. • Condensate Polishers – Off-site
regeneration • SWAS panel instrumentation – calibration
& maint. • Typical cycling chemistry issues • Potable water system • WSAC use and chemical treatment
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Lowered pH value in Blowdown
• Theoretical loss for pH is ~0.2 as compared to feedwater
• To protect equipment pH range is – Ferrous metallurgy 9.2-9.6 – ACC units 9.8-10.0
• Typical blowdown operation consistent among operators – Ramp up using MASS BD – NOP CONTINUOUS BD ~10%
Regeneration of Condensate Polisher
• Log regeneration data • Quality control to insure performance before
material is transferred • Establish performance specifications based on
water quality • Further develop program
with age of the polisher —if resin is exclusive to your plant usage
Iron Testing
• 10 micron pre-polisher filter • Verify most reliable test • Evaluate/test at different times in the iron cycle • 30-60 data sets for accurate determination of
Fe concentrations • Research comparative data
SWAS Calibration and Maintenance • Probes
– pH, – conductivity (specific, cationic, degassed cationic) – dissolved oxygen
• Analytical instruments – silica analyzer – sodium
• Online devices – sequencer – sample temperature controllers
Other Chemistry Issues
• Consistent sample flow from wet side of panel to analytical side
• SWAS cooling system in desert temperatures • Iron transport • Potable water systems • WSAC cooling systems