presentation

presentationDrilling fluid Engineering

NameNeamat Jameel HussainCompanyPetrochem Performance ChemicalsPosition Trainee Mud EngineerWell NameShewashan-3 & Shewashan-4Rig nameDQE-32 & DQE-51Mud Engs worked with Selim Noor Mustafa Elbejermi Iulian Cristian Ahmed Elamin Ahmed Elmohammadi

IntroductionFirst of all I would like to thank all the people in Petrochem who helped me to get a good training as a mud engineer.I like to thank the experienced people who helped me with their knowledge and gave me full support while I was on my 3 months training . I appreciate their good efforts.

Function of mudRemove cuttings from wellSuspend and release cuttingsControl formation pressuresSeal permeable formationsMaintain wellbore stabilityMinimizing formation damageCool, lubricate, and support the bit and drilling assemblyTransmit hydraulic energy to tools and bitControl corrosion (in acceptable level)

Types of mudWater base mud (Spud mud , KCl polymer mud , Gel Polymer , Sodium chloride mud, Truhib Mud , LSND (low solid non dispersed mud )Oil base mud ( toxic oil , non toxic )

Drilling fluid testing procedures RheologyFiltration low pressure/low temperature RetortKCLMBTChlorideCalciumTotal hardnessPf/MfEstimating sand contentFiltration High Pressure/High Temperature testTracer Measuring PH by PH meter and Litmus Papers

Purpose & measuring of each of themRetort :For measuring percentage of Water , Oil and solid inside of mud and reported by percentage like 2% oil , 3% of solid and 95% of waterFiltration :- Is to measure the fluid invasion into the formation and how it will effect the thickness of filter cake build of the wall of the well. Filter cake should be thin , tough and smooth

Rheology:Plastic viscosity : indication of solid in your mudYield point: carrying capacity during dynamic conditionGel strength: carrying capacity during static condition (no circulation) Gel strength will guide you to detect the concentration of Bentonite build up in the mud or solid build up in the mudTypes of gel while reading by VG meter1-flash gel: indicate bentonite build up in your mud we will find reading 3 rpm at 10 second and 10 min both of them are high with little different between them for example 11/13 , 21/24

2-Progresive gel :which indicate solid build up in your mud and we will find reading 3 rpm has a big deferent between them we can find 5/13 , 3/12MBT : This test indicate bentonite in your mud MBT= (CC)mb*5/cc of sample measured as lb/bbl of bentonite KCL : this test measure percentage in your mud should be same as program and reported as %KCl

PPC package with categories Viscosifiers: this branch of chemicals which is responsible of giving viscosity to mud and performing viscous shape Tuzan DS & Truzan ( xanthan gum )Bentonite ( master of yield point performing mud texture )Trupack RS & Trupack R (polyanionic cellulose polymer )HEC ( hydroxy ethyl cellulose )

Fluid lose Reducer :-Polylose B ( Starch)PAL-FLC ( Starch)Trupack SL ( cellulose base and super low)Trupack LV ( Cellulose base and low viscosity )\Trupack RS & RBentonite

Calcium control chemicals :Soda Ash ( sodium carbonate Na2CO3)Sodium bicarbonate ( NaHCO3)PH control chemicals :Caustic soda ( NaOH)Lime ( Ca(OH)2)KOH( Potassium Hydroxide) ( potash)Soda AshSodium Bicarbonate SAPP ( Soduim acid pyrophosphate )

Chemicals for controlling magnesium Caustic Soda ( NaOH sodium Hydroxide )

Weighting material :-Hematite ( Ferrous Oxide ( 4.9-5.26) gm/cc)Barite ( Barium Sulphate (4.2) gm/cc )Calcium Carbonate fine ( CaCO3)Salts:-NaClCaCl2CaBr2KCL

Preservative Chemicals:-Biocide ( Anti Bactria degradation )All kind of salts are preservatives All PH controlers are preservativesScavengers:-NO-OX PC-100 ( Oxygen Scavengers which removes any free Oxygen in mud and Minimize the CorrosionH2S Scavengers ( Scavenge H2S and minimize corrosion which are caused by H2S gases

Corrosion inhibitors:-1-NOCOR C825 (Anti corrosion )2-Amifilm ( Amine Base used to Coat drill pipe to prevent corrosion 3-All PH control chemicals specially most strong of them which is caustic soda and lime and increase PH can work as Corrosion Inhibitors 4- also Biocide can work as Corrosion inhibitor because it kills bacteria

Anti Foam Categories :No Foam SB30 ( all anti Foam working on scientific base of reducing surface tension

Lost Circulation Material (LCM ):- damaging stuff1-Not Plug ( fine-medium-Coarse )2-Mica (Aluminum Silicate ) 3-Super Seal (fiber material, Flake )4-Tru Seal (fiber material, Flake)5-Tru Plug 6-Cotton Seads 7-Magma fiber All the products are damaging (LCM) means we can not mix this stuff in reservoir section because they are not acid soluble

None damaging Stuff 1-Calcium Carbonate fine medium and Coarse 2- TruPlug Its None damaging stuff because its acid soluble

Shale control chemicals :-1-KCL Potassium Chloride It make inhibition to the shale by Cation Exchange between chloride anion and Sodium or Calcium cations on the shale platelets , shale nature consist of several layers and connected together by bonds of Sodium or Calcium2-GlyPlus MC , HC ( Glycol)3-Truguard Cationic liquid polyamine4-Free drill ( Asphaltic material with potassium cation

5-drill text K ( potassium asphalt sulfonate )6-Blacknite ( liquid gilsonite )7-PHPA ( Partially hydrolyzed poly acrylamide )8- Soltex (asphaltic material )

Stuck free Chemicals:-Deferential stuck pipe: kwickspot Mechanical stuck : HCL

Surfactant : a substance which tends to reduce the surface tension of a liquid in which it is dissolved1-Bitclean 2- DME :Emulsifiers to get diesel inside the water

Thinners :- this chemical is responsible for decreasing viscosity of mud1-Truthin L : Decreasing polymers base mud2-CFL

Bridging stuff : this chemical is responsible for sealing porous of the formation to minimize the deferential sticking and enhance API fluid losses and improve filter cake quality .1-Calcium Carbonate 2-GR Seal (graphite stuff)3-Truseal XF (micronized of fibrous ,flake )Lubricants :-1-Lube 1002-Glyplus (Polyalkylene Glycol )

Chemicals used for decreasing of Cement contamination :-1-Citric Acid2-Sodium Bicarbonate

Calculations

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Treat out required mg/l of Calcium :Soda ash:0.00092*req. mg/lSodium bicarbonate: 0.00074* req. mg/lSAPP= 0.00097* req. mg/l

Cement jobBe sure you have enough room in your tankRemember the difference between pumping cement and displacement (pumping no losses as cement still inside casing ) displacing could observe losses as cement in open hole Before pumping of spacer we have to measure the surface of all the tanks (active tank)During pumping cement inside casing you have to be there beside cement unit to check the cement weight You have to take a few sample of lead and tail slurry to give DSVYou have to float between mud tank to check the level and shaker and be sure that the displaced mud go in the mud tank that is planed to take it

7-Mud logger you have to keep good communication with mud logger during cement job because both of you have to get very close figures about gaining or losing after cement job and displacement8-take measurement before pumping cement and after cement , according your going to mud logger for checking gains and lossesWe have two scenarios for pumping cement :1- reverse circulation 2- normal pumping inside string

Displacement of mud 1-we have to calculate hole volume2-we have to calculate active system include sand trap to calculate how many bbl we need (minimum )3- build (mix) spacer to minimize contamination between old and new mud 4- choose short system with old mud to drill cement*short system mean we make small tank with old mud to drill cement and returned back to same tank then we can dump it

5-first things to pump spacer followed by new mud *note: we must calculate time and tell mud boy to weight mud we appear new mud we must stop dumpingAnd new mud we must put it to suction tank to hole make normal circulation6-circulate new mud till mud become homogeneous and add some chemicals if it need like increase mud weight or decrease viscosity 7- take a sample and make full test and what is result if its need chemicals apply it till become good mud

Formation problem and prevent ItDolomite : with this formation we get high magnesium we must increase PH above 10 Limestone and anhydrite : in those formation we must have free water inside mud by water dilution free water make dissolve limestone and anhydrite give us calcium this make prevent drop down PHShale: this formation we have bit balling , pack off Sandstone: possible losses increase solid content (sand content) we can use screen above 140 APILimestone : always fractured and cause possible losses

We can control it by LCM this is only formation if we get stuck pipe we can make it free by HCL and this is only formation it will not effect PH it can be reservoir*Note:-Siltstone means Shale + sandArgillaceous limestone : means porous limestone cemented with shale (clay)

Down hole problemsLosing fluid while drilling :-Seepage losses :