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¿Qué me cuentas?—Capítulo 7 Una conversación para
empezar
Los apuntes
1
El alfabeto
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A (a) ABUELO
B (be) BOCA
C (ce) CACTO TRECE
CH (che) CHICO
D (de) DESIERTOLIMONADA
E (e) ELEFANTE
F (efe) FÚTBOL
G (ge) GATOINTELIGENTE
H (hache) HOMBRE
I (I) IGUANA
J (jota) PÁJARO
K (ka) KIWI
L (ele) LOBO
LL (elle) LLUEVE
M (eme) MANZANA
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N (ene) NARIZ
Ñ (eñe) MONTAÑA
O (o) OJOS
P (pe) PASTOR
Q (cu) QUINCE
R (ere) ROCACARA
RR (erre) PERRO
S (ese) SOL T (te) TAC0
U (u) UNO
V (uve) VOLIBOL
W (uve doble) WINDSURF
X (equis) EXCELENTE
Y (i griega) YOYÓ Y
Z (zeta) AZUL
4
Las vocales The vowels in spanish alwaysrepresent the same sound:
A father
mamá
E eight enorme
I ski limpioO open tontoU tube tutú
Y ski y
5
Los consonantes Most consonants are pronounced similarly in spanish and English with the following exceptions:
B, V
Like the English /b/ in Bobbalónveinte
C
Before a, o, u, consonant: Like the English /k/ in cat
cactocolorcucú
Before e, i: Like the English /s/ in sent
trecesucio
CH
Like the English /ch/ in church champú
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DBetween vowels and at the end of a word: Like the English /th/ in that
limonadapared
G
Before a, o, u, consonant: Like the English /g/ in go
gatolargoguapo
Before e, i: Like the harsh English /h/ of the “hocker” sound
inteligentegitano
H Always silent horaJ Like the harsh English /h/ of
the “hocker” soundjulio
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K Like the English /k/ in kitchen; only found in foreign words
karate
LL Like the English /y/ in yes pesadillaÑ Like the English /ny/ in canyon señorQU Like the English /k/ in cat
(“Q’s don’t quack in Spanish.”)
queso
R
Like the English /d/ in ladder or butter (“R’s don’t roar in Spanish.”)
tijeras
At the beginning of a word: Trilled
ropa
RR Trilled burroZ Like the English /s/ in sent
(“Z’s don’t buzz in Spanish.”)rizado
1. The accent (stress) falls on the NEXT TO THE LAST SYLLABLE if the word ends with a
_______ , _____ , or ____ .
Ivo GAnas HAblan CHIca Nube
2. The accent falls on the LAST SYLLABLE if the
word ends in a ______________ except _____ or ____ .
aZUL popuLAR acTRIZ aBRIR
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La acentuación
vowel n s
consonantn s
3. If the word has a tilde (a written accent mark), the accent falls on the ____________________ .
The tilde is part of the word’s ______________ ; without it, the word is ___________________ .
inGLÉS mateMÁticas peLÍcula periÓdico Álgebra 4. Accent marks may be necessary to distinguish
between two words that are spelled the same but have ___________ meanings.
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accented syllable
spellingincorrect
different
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si sí el él tu tú
solo sólo que ¿qué?
if yes the he your you
alone only that what
5. Tildes (accent marks) are sometimes used to divide two vowels into separate syllables.
paÍS biologÍa oÍR reÍdo
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Ejemplos de Tu amor
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La puntuación
Questions are set off by an inverted question mark at the beginning of the question and a “normal” question mark at the end of the question.
Sr. Martin, ¿Cómo está Ud.?
¿?
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Exclamations are set off by an inverted exclamation mark at the beginning of the exclamation and a “normal” exclamation mark at the end of the exclamation.
¡Qué muchacho!
¡!
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Commas aren’t used before y, e, o, u, and ni in a series.
María, Ana y Beatriz estudian
español.
Commas are used instead of decimals and vice versa.
1.200 (“one thousand two
hundred”)
9,9 (“nine point nine”)
,
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Comillas are used when:
there is an internal thought.only one person makes a statement.
A colon is used to indicate that a quote follows. The final quotation mark comes before the comma or period.
María dice: «Voy a Francia
mañana».«¿A qué hora sales?», pregunta Anita.
« »
:
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A raya is used when two or more people are speaking to each other.A colon will be used at the end of the introduction and the raya is on the next line.
Jaime le dice a Paco:
–¿Vas a la fiesta en casa de
Rosa?
–No, tengo que trabajar esta
noche.
—
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Tú, Ud. y Uds.
1. Polite conversation in Spanish requires that speakers distinguish between individuals whom they can address informally and those whom they must address formally. Respect is at the heart of the distinction:
• Tú: you ( ____________)oUse tú when you are talking to one that
you could call by his/her first name:
a ____________________
a ____________________
a _____________________ a _____________________
¿Cómo estás tú? How are you?¿Hablas tú español? Do you speak Spanish?
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familiar
friendchildrelativepeer
Ud.: you ( _________ )
oUd. is the abbreviation for
________________ .
oUse Ud. when you are talking to one
person that you would call by a title:
an ________________________________________
a _______________________
your ____________________
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formalusted
adult you don’t know wellteacher
boss
o The Ud. form of the verb has the same
verb ending as the _________ / __________
form.
oWhen Ud. is your subject you MUST
____________________________________ Ud.
Sr. Gómez, ¿Cómo está Ud.?Mr. Gómez, how are you?
¿Habla Ud. español? Do you speak Spanish?
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él ella
include
Uds.: you (_______________) [you guys,y’all]
oUds. is the abbreviation for
______________________.
oUse when you are talking to
___________________ than one person.
o The Uds. form of the verb takes the same
verb ending as the _________/_________form.
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plural
ustedes
more
ellos ellas
oWhen Uds. is your subject you MUST
_________________________ Uds.
María y Juan, ¿van Uds. a la clase? María and Juan, are you going to class?
Uds. preparan la tarea. You guys do the homework.
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include
The form of “________________” that you
use determines the ____________________ ofthe verb:
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you
ending
Persona
Ser Estar Hablar
Beber vivir
Tú
Ud.
Uds.
eres
es
son
estás
está
están
hablas
habla
hablan
bebes
bebe
beben
vives
vive
viven
3. Intercambio conversacional:
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Pregunta Respuesta¿Estás (tú)?
¿Está Ud.?¿Están Uds.?
estoy
estamos
Los sustantivos (Nouns)
1. In Spanish nouns have gender.
They are
_____________ or _____________.
Most nouns that name masculine
beings or that end in _____ ,
_______ , _______ , or _____ are
masculine.
padre carro programa tema
mapa
masculine feminine
-o -ama-ema -apa
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Most nouns that name feminine
beings or that end in _____ , _____ ,
_________ are feminine.
madre mochila ciudad canción
-a -d -ción
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The gender of nouns that don’t follow
these rules must be memorized. In
context, look for words like _____________
and _________________ that may clue you
in to the gender of such nouns.
Masculine: elefante rumor día
Feminine: clase nariz mano
articlesadjectives
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If a singular noun ends in a vowel, add____ . muchacho muchacho____ casa casa____ padre padre____
2. In Spanish, nouns have number. They are _______________or ____________. To form plural nouns, observe the following rules:
ss
s
-s
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singular plural
If a singular noun ends with a ___ ,
change the ___ to ___ and add ___ .
lápiz lápi____
If a singular noun ends in a consonant, add____ . pared pared____
-es
es
z -es -z
c
ces
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3. The definite and indefinte articles
used with a noun in Spanish are
determined by the noun’s ____________
and _____________ .gender number
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Definite Articles translate “_____”.
the
Definite Articles
Singular Plural
M. F. M. F.
el la laslos
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_______ lobo = the wolf
_______ lobos = the wolves
_______ roca = the rock
_______ rocas = the rocks
.
el
la
las
los
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Indefinite Articles translate “ ____”or
“_____” in the singular and “________”
in the plural.
a
Indefinite ArticlesSingular Plural
M. F. M. F.
un una unasunos
an some
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_______ hermano = a brother
_______ hemanos = some brothers
_______ casa = a house
_______ casas = some houses.
un
una
unas
unos
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