7/25/2019 Refinamiento del petroleo

1/12

UNIVERSIDAD TCNICA DEAMBATO

FACULTAD DE INGENIERA CIVILY MECNICACarrera: Ingeniera Mecnica

M!"#$%: Rea$i"a" Naci%na$ "e$ Ingenier% Mecnic%

Se&e'(re: C#ar(% )A*

In(egran(e':

+%na(,an -a$aci%'

+%,nn. Snc,e/

+#an Car$%' T%rre'

7/25/2019 Refinamiento del petroleo

2/12

REFINAMIENTO DEL

-ETR0LEO

7/25/2019 Refinamiento del petroleo

3/12

Refinacin del Petrleo

La re1inaci!n "e$ 2e(r!$e% 'e inicia c%n $a 'e2araci!n "e$ 2e(r!$e% cr#"% en"i1eren(e' 1racci%ne' "e $a "e'(i$aci!n3 La' 1racci%ne' 'e (ra(an &' a 1%n"% 2arac%n4er(ir$a' en &e/c$a' "e 2r%"#c(%' c%n $%' "eri4a"%' "e$ 2e(r!$e% ne(a&en(ec%&ercia5$e' . &' 6(i$e' 2%r "i4er'%' . "i1eren(e' &7(%"%'8 (a$e' c%&% cra9#e%8re1%r&a"%8 a$9#i$aci!n8 2%$i&eri/aci!n e i'%&eri/aci!n3

E'(a' &e/c$a' "e n#e4%' c%&2#e'(%' 'e 'e2aran &e"ian(e &7(%"%' (a$e' c%&% e$1racci%na&ien(% . $a e(racci!n 2%r '%$4en(e3 La' i&2#re/a' 'e e$i&inan 2%r 4ari%'&7(%"%'8 2%r e;e&2$%8 "e',i"ra(aci!n8 e$i&inaci!n "e $a "e'a$aci!n8 e$ a/#1re . e$,i"r!gen%3

7/25/2019 Refinamiento del petroleo

4/12

La' can(i"a"e' "e ga'%$ina "i'2%ni5$e' "e $a "e'(i$aci!n eran in'#1icien(e' 2ara'a(i'1acer $a "e&an"a "e $%' c%n'#&i"%re'3 La' re1inera' c%&en/ar%n a 5#'car&anera' "e 2r%"#cir &' ga'%$ina . "e &e;%r ca$i"a" 2%r $% c#a$ "%' (i2%' "e2r%ce'%' "e re1inaci!n "e$ 2e(r!$e% 'e ,an "e'arr%$$a"%:< R%&2er gran"e' &%$7c#$a' "e ,i"r%car5#r%' 2e'a"%'3< Re&%"e$aci!n % rec%n'(r#cci!n "e $a' &%$7c#$a' "e ,i"r%car5#r%'3

7/25/2019 Refinamiento del petroleo

5/12

7/25/2019 Refinamiento del petroleo

6/12

< De'(i$aci!n =Fracci%na&ien(%>: Da"% 9#e e$ 2e(r!$e% cr#"% e' #na &e/c$a "e,i"r%car5#r%' c%n "i1eren(e' (e&2era(#ra' "e e5#$$ici!n8 9#e 2#e"en 'er 'e2ara"%'2%r "e'(i$aci!n en gr#2%' "e ,i"r%car5#r%' 9#e ,ier4en en(re "%' 2#n(%'"e(er&ina"%' "e e5#$$ici!n3 ?a. "%' (i2%' "e "e'(i$aci!n: a(&%'17rica . a$ 4ac%3

7/25/2019 Refinamiento del petroleo

7/12

< Re1%r&a: La re1%r&a e' #n 2r%ce'% 9#e #(i$i/a ca$%r8 2re'i!n . #n ca(a$i/a"%r =2%r$% genera$ c%n(iene 2$a(in%> 2ara 2r%4%car reacci%ne' 9#&ica' c%n na1(a' ac(#a$i/are$ a$(% %c(ana;e "e $a ga'%$ina . c%&% &a(eria 2ri&a 2e(r%9#&ica3 La' na1(a' '%n&e/c$a' "e ,i"r%car5#r%' 9#e c%n(ienen c,a' 2ara1ina' . na1(en%'3 E'(a &a(eria2ri&a na1(a 2r%4iene "e $a "e'(i$aci!n "e 2e(r!$e% cr#"% % "e 2r%ce'%' "e cra9#e%ca(a$(ic%8 2er% (a&5i7n 2r%4iene "e cra9#e% (7r&ic% . $%' 2r%ce'%' "e,i"r%cra9#e%3 La re1%r&a c%n4ier(e #na 2ar(e "e e'(%' c%&2#e'(%' a i'%2ara1ina' .ar%&(ic%'8 9#e 'e #(i$i/an 2ara &e/c$ar $a ga'%$ina "e %c(ana;e &' a$(%3

7/25/2019 Refinamiento del petroleo

8/12

< Cra9#e% =Agrie(a&ien(%>: En e$ re1in% "e 2e(r!$e% $%' 2r%ce'%' "e cra9#e%"e'c%&2%nen $a' &%$7c#$a' "e ,i"r%car5#r%' &' 2e'a"%' =a$(% 2#n(% "e e5#$$ici!n>en 2r%"#c(%' &' $iger%' c%&% $a ga'%$ina . e$ ga'!$e%3 E'(%' 2r%ce'%' inc$#.encra9#e% ca(a$(ic%8 cra9#e% (7r&ic% . "e ,i"r%cra9#e%3

7/25/2019 Refinamiento del petroleo

9/12

< A$9#i$aci!n: O$e1ina' =&%$7c#$a' . c%&2#e'(%' 9#&ic%'> (a$e' c%&% e$ 2r%2i$en% .e$ 5#(i$en% '%n 2r%"#ci"%' 2%r e$ cra9#e% ca(a$(ic% . (7r&ic%3 A$9#i$aci!n 'e re1ierea $a #ni!n 9#&ica "e e'(a' &%$7c#$a' "e $#/ c%n i'%5#(an% 2ara 1%r&ar &%$7c#$a'&' gran"e' en #na ca"ena ra&i1ica"a =i'%2ara1ina'> 9#e 'e 1%r&a 2ara 2r%"#cir #naga'%$ina "e a$(% %c(ana;e3

7/25/2019 Refinamiento del petroleo

10/12

< I'%&eri/aci!n: La I'%&eri/aci!n 'e re1iere a $a re%rgani/aci!n 9#&ica "e $%',i"r%car5#r%' "e ca"ena $inea$ =2ara1ina'>8 2%r $% 9#e c%n(ienen ra&i1icaci%ne'#ni"a' a $a ca"ena 2rinci2a$ =i'%2ara1ina'>3 E'(e 2r%ce'% 'e c%n'ig#e &e"ian(e $a&e/c$a "e 5#(an% n%r&a$ c%n #n 2%c% ,i"r!gen% . c$%r% . 'e "e;a reacci%nar en2re'encia "e #n ca(a$i/a"%r 2ara 1%r&ar i'%5#(an%8 &' #na 2e9#e@a can(i"a" "e5#(an% n%r&a$ . a$g#n%' ga'e' &' $iger%'3 L%' 2r%"#c(%' 'e 'e2aran en #n

1racci%na"%r3 L%' ga'e' &' $iger%' 'e #(i$i/an c%&% c%&5#'(i5$e "e re1inera . e$5#(an% recic$a"%' c%&% a$i&en(%3

7/25/2019 Refinamiento del petroleo

11/12

< -%$i&eri/aci!n: Ba;% $a 2re'i!n . $a (e&2era(#ra8 &' #n ca(a$i/a"%r ci"%8 $a' &%$7c#$a' ",i"r%car5#r%' in'a(#ra"%' reacci%nan . 'e c%&5inan en(re ' 2ara 1%r&ar &%$7c#$a' &' gra,i"r%car5#r%'3 E'(e 2r%ce'% c%n $%' '#&ini'(r%' "e 2e(r!$e% 'e 2#e"e #(i$i/ar 2ara reacci%na=&%$7c#$a' "e %$e1ina' c%n c#a(r% (%&%' "e car5%n%> c%n i'%5#(an% =ra&i1ica"% &%$7c#$a'i'%2ara1ina'8 c%n c#a(r% (%&%' "e car5%n%> 2ara %5(ener #na ga'%$ina "e a$(% %c(ana;e3

7/25/2019 Refinamiento del petroleo

12/12

< ?i"r%(ra(a&ien(%': E$ ?i"r%(ra(a&ien(% e' #na &anera "e e$i&inar c,%' "e $%'c%n(a&inan(e' "e c,%' "e $%' 2r%"#c(%' in(er&e"i%' % 1ina$e' %5(eni"%' "e$2r%ce'% "e re1inaci!n "e$ 2e(r!$e%3 En e$ 2r%ce'% "e (ra(a&ien(% c%n ,i"r!gen%8 $a&a(eria 2ri&a 9#e en(ra 'e &e/c$a c%n ,i"r!gen% . 'e ca$ien(a a %C3 E$acei(e c%&5ina"% c%n e$ ,i"r!gen% en(ra en(%nce' en #n reac(%r carga"% c%n #nca(a$i/a"%r 9#e 2r%e4e 4aria' reacci%ne'3