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© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Discover Potentials Optimise Processess Create Regional Added Value
Regional Material Flow Management Regional Material Flow Management andand
CircularCircular EconomyEconomy
Circular Economy Business Models
Luxemburg, 6th of June, 2016
Prof. Dr. Peter HeckInstitute for Applied Material Flow Management
© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Discover Potentials Optimise Processess Create Regional Added Value
Zero Emission Campus Zero Emission Campus ConceptConcept
� 100% renewable heat supply based on waste wood,
biogas (co-generation) and solar thermal
� 100% renewable electricity based on cogeneration & PV
� 100% renewable cooling supply based on geothermal,
biomass and solar adsorption
� Maximised Energy Efficiency
� Passive and Plus-Energy Buildings
� Energy efficient lighting (indoor and street lighting)
� Efficiency and building automation system (heating and lighting)
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©2010 Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement (IfaS)Potenziale erkennen! Prozesse optimieren! Mehrwert schaffen!
FromFrom throughputthroughput societysociety toto CircularCircular EconomyEconomy
©2010 Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement (IfaS)Potenziale erkennen! Prozesse optimieren! Mehrwert schaffen!
LinearLinear economyeconomy model vs. circular economy model model vs. circular economy model
Circular Economy model
Conventional linear model
New jobs &
employment
Local added
value
New
products
Better environment
Air pollution
Solid waste
Waste water
Raw material
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©2010 Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement (IfaS)Potenziale erkennen! Prozesse optimieren! Mehrwert schaffen!
Circular Economy
� Circular economy is a global economic model that
decouples economic growth and development from
the consumption of finite resources
� “managing materials more intelligently”
� break away from the linear “take – make – dispose”
model
� ideal model = “closed-loop economy”
� Principles
� Design out waste
� Build resilience through diversity
� Work towards using energy from renewable sources
� Think in ‘systems’ (� Material Flow Management!)
� Think in cascades
Source: http://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/circular-economy/circular-economy/the-circular-model-an-overview
©2010 Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement (IfaS)Potenziale erkennen! Prozesse optimieren! Mehrwert schaffen!
Circular Economy
Source: http://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/circular-economy/circular-economy/interactive-system-diagram
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© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Potenziale erkennen. Prozesse optimieren. Mehrwert schaffen.
IfaSIfaS PhilosophyPhilosophy
Adding value by
� Zero Waste
� Zero Waste Water
� 100 % Renewable
Energies
� Zero Emissions
� Optimized material flow
© 2014 Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement (IfaS)Potenziale erkennen! Prozesse optimieren! Mehrwert schaffen!
Creating business options and RAV by MFMCreating business options and RAV by MFM
Vision and Goal – Zero Emission!Nowadays “throughput society”
� Inefficient
� Cost intensive
� High Environmental impact
Optimised Material Flow Management
�Efficient
�Value adding
�Future-oriented
Material-/Energy Imports Loss of financial resources
Activated regional
Material-/Energy FlowsRegional Added
Value
Potentials
Potentials
Material-/Energy Imports Loss of financial resources
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©2010 Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement (IfaS)Potenziale erkennen! Prozesse optimieren! Mehrwert schaffen!
Sectoral view Sectoral view withoutwithout MFMMFM
??
??
??
??
??
Sectoral
view on
systems
© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Discover Potentials Optimise Processess Create Regional Added Value
Circular Economy SystemCircular Economy System
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©2010 Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement (IfaS)Potenziale erkennen! Prozesse optimieren! Mehrwert schaffen!
RMFM Methodology
� I. Material Flow Analysis
� Aim: transparent material flow and visible
stake holder network
� II. Material Flow Management
� Aim: new mode of material flow supported by
concrete technical and economical planning
and calculations
©2010 Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement (IfaS)Potenziale erkennen! Prozesse optimieren! Mehrwert schaffen!
MFA & ComputerMFA & Computer--based modelling based modelling ((Example RhineExample Rhine--Hunsrück CountyHunsrück County))
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© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Potenziale erkennen. Prozesse optimieren. Mehrwert schaffen.
Options for change: Key Material
Flow Potentials in Regions
� Water/ Waste Water,
� Urban Waste,
� Sewage Sludge
� Fossile Energy Sources
� Fossile End energy (electricity, heat, cold,)
� Renewable Energies,
� (Agro)Forestry , Energy crops
� Agricultural Waste
� Buildings and Infrastructure
� Waste Fats and Oils
� Waste from food industry
� Special aspects like e.g. tourism
� etc'..
Foto: H.-G. Oed
Foto: IfaS
©2010 Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement (IfaS)Potenziale erkennen! Prozesse optimieren! Mehrwert schaffen!
ZEZE TargetTarget ScenarioScenario 2050 (Example)2050 (Example)Cash outflows
Total: approx. 35million €/a
Before: 293 million €/a
Energy produced out of regional resources
Electricity: approx. 3.820.616 MWh/a
Before: approx. 304.066 MWh/a
Heat: approx. 536.058 MWh/a
Before: 67.755 MWh/aAccumulated regional added value
Asset investment 2011: 530 Mio. EUR
11,2 Billion EUR in 2050 (cash value)
Transport
approx. 427.063 MWh/a
Before: approx. 799.527
Total heat consumption
Approx. 602.964 MWh/a
Before: Approx. 1.238.974 MWh/a
Total electricity consumption
Approx. 461.259 MWh/a
Before: Approx. 463.046 MWh/a
Waste cf.
Transport/heat/electricity
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© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Discover Potentials Optimise Processess Create Regional Added Value
Total expenditure on
energy imports in the
Federal Republic of
Germany in 2011:
87 Mrd. €
23% more than 2010
Objective of Zero Emission:
Through improvements in energy efficiency and introduction of renewable
energies we convert energy import costs into regional jobs and value added!
Annual Energy Import and Loss
of Purchas Power in the County
District: approx. 290 Million €
Goal: Regional Added Value instead of Goal: Regional Added Value instead of
Energy Imports of 290 Mio EUREnergy Imports of 290 Mio EUR
© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Discover Potentials Optimise Processess Create Regional Added Value
Economic impact till 2050 in the county of Rhein Hunsrück
� Invest:
ca. 4,7 Mrd. €
� Income and savings:
ca. 14,4 Mrd. €
� Costs:
ca. 7,7 Mrd. €
RAV ca.11,6 billion Euro
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©2010 Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement (IfaS)Potenziale erkennen! Prozesse optimieren! Mehrwert schaffen!
ZEZE--MFM: Energy TransitionMFM: Energy Transition ManagementManagement
© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Discover Potentials Optimise Processess Create Regional Added Value
Optimization of energy flows
electricity
energy
source
natural
resource
heat loss
wastewater
electricity
energy source
natural
resource
wastewater
heat loss
heat/ cooling
product
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© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Discover Potentials Optimise Processess Create Regional Added Value
EnergyEnergy EfficiencyEfficiency andand UserUser BehaviourBehaviour
�Capacity building and awareness of staff is crucial to
tap “non-investment” related energy saving potentials
�Switch off unnecessary light sources
�Closing doors and windows (if AC is operating)
�Only short intermittent ventilation
© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Discover Potentials Optimise Processess Create Regional Added Value
Assemble magnetic valves at air treatment units
� Air treatment units for heating have emission
losses also without heat requirement
(about 10 %)
� Usage 8.760 h/year (?)
� Magnetic valves connected at thermostat
Example: 75 bits perfuse with steam
� Gas saving: 1.753.000 kWh/year
� Invest Material, assembly: 24.300 €
� Dynamic amortisation: 0,5 years
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© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Discover Potentials Optimise Processess Create Regional Added Value
Heat | Insulation of Buffer Storage Socket
� Buffer Storage Socket not insulated
� Example:
� Energy Saving: ca. 59,300kWh/year
� Saving: ca. 2,080 €/year
� Investment: ca. 1,070 €
� Stat. Amortization: 0.5 years
� IRR: 191%
© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Discover Potentials Optimise Processess Create Regional Added Value
Electricity | Electricity | HighHigh EfficiencyEfficiency PumpsPumps
� Replacement of (old) over-dimensioned
pumps by high efficiency pumps
� Energy Saving: 58,200 kWh/year
� Saving: 7,000 €/year
� Investment: 23,000 €
� Stat. Amortization: 3.1 years
� IRR: 31%
Standard Precise High Efficiency
Dimensioning Pumps
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© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Discover Potentials Optimise Processess Create Regional Added Value
Heat & Cooling | Heat & Cooling | Insulation of Pipes and ArmaturesInsulation of Pipes and Armatures
�High losses due to constant usage
�Steam-, condensate-, cooling and warm-water pipes
Example:
�30 Armatures, 150 m Pipes (50mm) at 70°C
�10 Armatures, 30 m Pipes (50mm) at 110°C�Energy Saving ca. 247.700 kWh/year
�Saving: ca. 8.700 €/year
�Investment: ca. 17.400 €
�Stat. Amortization / IRR: 2 a / 50%
© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Discover Potentials Optimise Processess Create Regional Added Value
� Too high power rating and wrong alignment
� Not adapted to current usage
Example: Replace 14 x HQL (250W) to 30 T5-lamp (54W)
� Energy saving: 16,000 kWh/year
� Invest for material, assembly: 3,360 €
� Dynamic amortisation: 1.9 years
Lighting | Lighting | Indoor LightingIndoor Lighting
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© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Discover Potentials Optimise Processess Create Regional Added Value
Lighting | Lighting | Street Lighting Street Lighting (Airport SAL, Cape Verde)(Airport SAL, Cape Verde)
Source: Hella
Source: Aton Lichttechnik
� Replacement of mercury-vapor-bulbs and sodium-vapor-bulbs to
LED-lamps (~1,550 lamps)
� Energy Saving: 31,682 kWh/year
� Saving: 7,000 €/year
� Investment: 799,600 €
� Stat. Amortization: 8.0 years
� Cost saving (15 years): 1,158,000€
Target
Total
8 x 78 W LED
21 x 70 W LED
7 x 49 W LED
6 x 33 W LED
2.635 W
EEEE--PotentialPotential
~ 50%~ 50%
© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Discover Potentials Optimise Processess Create Regional Added Value
TriTri--Generation | Generation | Power, heat and cooling productionPower, heat and cooling production
� Producing electricity, heat and cooling
at the same time
� Uses natural gas instead of electricity
to produce cooling (price)
Example:
�Energy production: 7.825 MWh/year
�Cooling production: 4.035 MWh/year
�Heat production: 3.228 MWh/year
�Invest overall: 1.235.000€
�Dynamic amortisation: 3,3 years
(100 % own consumption of electricity)
Source: Sokratherm
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©2010 Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement (IfaS)Potenziale erkennen! Prozesse optimieren! Mehrwert schaffen!
ZE Strategies: Energy Management in BuildingsZE Strategies: Energy Management in Buildings
� Introduction of Energy (Efficiency) Management
Systems for Building (e.g. ISO 50001, EEA)
� MFA on energy efficiency potentials (technical
and economic feasibility)
� Determine business-as-usual building standard and
subsequent primary energy demand (based on
utilization)
� Develop heating and cooling efficiency by upgrading
equipment and building envelops (construction codes)
� Develop heating & cooling concepts based on RE
� Develop RE based electricity strategy
� Optimised solar settlement concept design
©2010 Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement (IfaS)Potenziale erkennen! Prozesse optimieren! Mehrwert schaffen!
SolarSolar UrbanUrban DesignDesign PrinciplesPrinciples
� Alignment of building towards optimized solar energy
(thermal and power) utilization;
� Strategic planning of shading elements for single buildings
and overall settlements;
� Optimization of building envelops materials (e.g. insulation,
windows, etc.) and evaporative cooling technologies;
� Integration of RE technologies in building envelops
Stillwell Avenue Station, USA
(Source: Schott)
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©2010 Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement (IfaS)Potenziale erkennen! Prozesse optimieren! Mehrwert schaffen!
BuildingsBuildings asas EnergyEnergy Producer Producer (Example: Social multi(Example: Social multi--storey buildings)storey buildings)
Energy Demand Prior:
250 kWh/(sqm/a),
Equlivalent to 20.000l oil
(54 t CO² p.a.)
Energy Surplus afterwards:
42 kWh/(sqm/a) or 3.200l oil/a
(+ 8,6 t CO² p.a.)
©2010 Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement (IfaS)Potenziale erkennen! Prozesse optimieren! Mehrwert schaffen!
Link: http://www.juwi.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Unternehmen/Neubaubroschuere_12_2008.pdf
BuildingsBuildings asas EnergyEnergy Producer Producer (Example: Office building)(Example: Office building)
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©2010 Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement (IfaS)Potenziale erkennen! Prozesse optimieren! Mehrwert schaffen!
ZEZE--MFM: District heating and cooling conceptsMFM: District heating and cooling concepts
� Objective: Valorising local resources for district heating and cooling concepts� MFA of current energy demand (qualitative and quantitative)
� Map excess heat sources and heat (cooling) sinks
� Determination of short and mid-term district heating and cooling
potentials (technical and economical)
� Re-utilisation of excess heat from power stations (combined
heat, cooling and power)
� Utilisation of local residues (in addition to solar thermal) as
primary fuel for combined heat (cooling) and power
� Creation of local logistic structures
� Development of scaled up heat/cooling storage options
� Development of business models (e.g. contracting)
� Determination of LCOE for heat and cold services
� Reducing thermal energy costs and GHG emissions
©2010 Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement (IfaS)Potenziale erkennen! Prozesse optimieren! Mehrwert schaffen!
ZE-MFM Master Plan: Renewable Energies
� Objective: Activate and increase locally available
renewable energies
� Task: Determine short and mid-term RE potentials
(technical and economical potentials)
� Wind and solar energy (roof-top) cadastre, biomass
potentials, geothermal, run-off hydro, etc.
� Review of existing analysis & studies
� Statistical default values and interpolations
� Determine LCOE for all projects / RE sources
� Determine GHG mitigation potential (NAMA or INDC)
� (Regional) utility structure and financing concept
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©2010 Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement (IfaS)Potenziale erkennen! Prozesse optimieren! Mehrwert schaffen!
100% Zero Emission Free Trade Zone(Example Biyagama FTZ)
��Combination of Renewables and integrated Combination of Renewables and integrated
resource management (waste and waste water) to resource management (waste and waste water) to
power FTZ power FTZ
©2010 Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement (IfaS)Potenziale erkennen! Prozesse optimieren! Mehrwert schaffen!
Sustainable (Waste) Water Management
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©2010 Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement (IfaS)Potenziale erkennen! Prozesse optimieren! Mehrwert schaffen!
Waterless urinals
�Water consumption at urinals
�Servicing infra-red controls
�Exemplary exchange of 40
urinals
�No consumption of electricity,
water
�No service necessary
�Water savings: 1.620 m³/year
�Invest: 20.000 €
�Dynamic amortisation: 4,9 years
Source: www.urimat.de
©2010 Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement (IfaS)Potenziale erkennen! Prozesse optimieren! Mehrwert schaffen!
Optimization of existing WWTP
�Activated sludge WWTP
�Energetic optimisation of the WWTP
�Nutrient recovery
�Combination of the WWTP with the production of
micro-algae
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©2010 Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement (IfaS)Potenziale erkennen! Prozesse optimieren! Mehrwert schaffen!
Flow chart energy positive waste water
treatment plant
Quelle: Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Krieger, HYDRO-Ingenieure Energie & Wasser GmbH, 2011
©2010 Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement (IfaS)Potenziale erkennen! Prozesse optimieren! Mehrwert schaffen!
Cost comparison status quo and optimized
Current situation Energy autarky
Investment
Construction - € 780.000 €
Technical equipment - € 686.500 €
Research & Engineering - € 243.000 €
Total investment - € 1.709.500 €
Operation costs
Energy costs (electricity, gas) 73.800 €/a - €
other operation & maintenance costs 63.500 €/a 57.000€/a
Total operation costs 137.300€/a 57.000€/a
Quelle: Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Krieger, HYDRO-Ingenieure Energie & Wasser GmbH, 2011
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© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Discover Potentials Optimise Processess Create Regional Added Value
Waste Management
� Waste as a management failure
� No waste strategy
� Ressource Centers
©2010 Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement (IfaS)Potenziale erkennen! Prozesse optimieren! Mehrwert schaffen!
There is more in waste'.
Our waste creates light.
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©2010 Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement (IfaS)Potenziale erkennen! Prozesse optimieren! Mehrwert schaffen!
Municipal Waste: Target 2020
© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Potenziale erkennen. Prozesse optimieren. Mehrwert schaffen.
DryDry
WeakWeak degradabilitydegradability
wetwet
High High degradabilitydegradability
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© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Discover Potentials Optimise Processess Create Regional Added Value
Biological treatment for organic waste fractions
1 ton organic waste:
50 liters of oil and 600 kg
fertilizer or
Waste?
© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Discover Potentials Optimise Processess Create Regional Added Value
Terra-Preta process is intended for the processing and
refining of AD digestate from organic waste fractions.
�TP humus substrate is used for the improvement and
fertilization of soils and long-term humus accumulation
�Annual generation of 65,335 m³ TP humus substrate likely to
improve soil humus content by 1% (annually) for approx. 650 ha
(long-term soil improvement) and support CO2 sequestration
�TP substrate can be refined with the addition of other suitable additives to potting soil and organic fertilizers and could be
packaged.
Terra Preta: The black soil approachTerra Preta: The black soil approach
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© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Discover Potentials Optimise Processess Create Regional Added Value
Pyrolysis
Closed Loops in Agro-Industry Example: Pyrolysis and Biochar Production from Coconut shelves
Biochar + P
2,4
00
t/a
700 t/a
2.1 GWh/a heat
(262,500 l Dieseleq47 mil. LKR)
Avoidanc
e of: 2,200
t CO2 / a
Market Value:
60 Mn LKR
Recreation of soil properities
(humus content / water storage /
nutrient availability)
Avoidance of Chemical
Fertilizer (Health / Energy)
© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Discover Potentials Optimise Processess Create Regional Added Value
� 100% RE concept design and economic modelling� Electricity and cooling supply
� Determination of Investment and OPEX as well as LCOE
� Sustainable Resource management concept� Integrated water resource management
� Greenbelt and waste management concept
� GHG balance and sustainability advisory
� Capacity building for planers and Stakeholder Workshops
Zero Emission City ConceptZero Emission City Concept
Pictures: R.Binno, DM
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© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Discover Potentials Optimise Processess Create Regional Added Value
Energy and waterEnergy and water--/ waste water concept Dudelange / waste water concept Dudelange (Luxembourg)(Luxembourg)
� Planning area: approx. 30 ha and GFA of 200,000 m²
� Energy concept
� Demand analysis for stock and new construction (building
efficiency)
� Solar urban land-use planning (Revision of land-use plan)
� Potential analysis for biomass, geothermal installations, wind
power and photovoltaic installations
� Regenerative supply with electricity, heat, cold
� Development of 15 heat supply options (centralized and
decentralized)
� Water-/Waste water concept
� Water demand and waste water advent analysis
� Development of water utilization and waste water disposal
opportunities• Rain water utilization, drainage concept, constructed wetlands
• Treatment opportunities of separate material flows (e.g. grey water treatment)
• Semi-central treatment plants, energetic utilization of segment flows
© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Discover Potentials Optimise Processess Create Regional Added Value
Annual Annual IfaSIfaS ConferencesConferences
� International Conference on Circular Economy
� Biomass Conference
� Solar Conference of Rhineland-Palatinate
� Conference on electricity and heat storage
� Conference on municipal/communal financing
� Conference on Zero Emission Industrial Parks
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© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Discover Potentials Optimise Processess Create Regional Added Value
Thank you very much for your time and attention