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ndice
ndice........................................................................2ndice de Tablas.........................................................3
ndice de Figuras.......................................................4
3. Captulo III. Diseo de Reactores Qumicos.............
3.!. "C#$CI%&"' F#&D$("&T$)"' D" C%&'"R*$CI+& "& 'I'T"($' D"R"$CCI+&...............................................................................................5
3.2. F%R($''I(,)IFIC$D$'D")$"C#$CI+&-"&"R$)D"C%&TIID$D
93.2.1. FLUJOTAPN.................................................................................9
3.2.2. REACTORBATCH...........................................................................15
3.2.3. REACTORCONTINUODETANQUEAGITADO........................................19
3.3. DI'"%D"R"$CT%R"'ID"$)"'....................................................20
3.1.1. React! Batc" #! Lte$.....................................................20
3.%. Ec&ac'(e$ )e E(e!*+a #a!a ,$ !eact!e$ I)ea,e$.......................22
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ndice de TablasTa,a 1. E$ta)$ E$t/()a! #a!a ,$ C/,c&,$ )e Pte(c'a, Q&+'c Pa!a e,&$ e( ,$ e$t&)'$ )e, E4&','!' )e Reacc'( Q&+'ca6 7
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ndice de Figuras
N $e e(c&e(t!a( e,ee(t$ )e ta,a )e ',&$t!ac'(e$.
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3.Ca#+t&, III. D'$e8 )e React!e$Q&+'c$
3.1.ECUACIONES FUNDAMENTALES DECONSERVACINENSISTEMASDEREACCIN
C1emical Reactor $nalsis and Design -ilbert F. Froment 5ennet1 6. 6isc1o7
B'!) et a,. 1906: $t!a!( &(a ;!a *e(e!a, )e ,a ec&ac'( )ec(t'(&')a) )e ,a #a!a &(a e$#ec'e 4&+'ca j )e !eacta(te e( &( a!'a,e$ e$?
( )j j j jC
C Rt
+ + =
u J
( )3 1
+ ,a e$#ec'e j e$t/ #!e$e(te e( /$ )e &(a ;a$e: &(a ec&ac'( )ec(t'(&')a) c ,a a(te!'! t'e(e 4&e $e! e$c!'ta #a!a ca)a ;a$e.
React!e$ &,t';/$'c6
E$ta$ ec&ac'(e$ e$t/( !e,ac'(a)a$ >'(c&,a)a$ #! c()'c'(e$ )e;!(te!a = *e(e!a,e(te #! &( t@!'( 4&e e#!e$a ,a t!a($;e!e(c'a )ej e(t!e ,a$ ;a$e$. T@!'( )e '(te!ca' e(t!e ;a$e$6.Ta, t@!'( (
e$t/ '(c,&') e( ,a Ec. ( )3 1 : )e') a 4&e ,a $'*&'e(te )'$c&$'( e$t/
ce(t!a)a e( ,a$ >a!'a$ ;!a$ )e ,a ec&ac'( )e c(t'(&')a): #&e)eta! #a!a &(a ;a$e ('ca & "*@(ea #! ete($'( e( &( !eact!P$e&)"*@(e c &(a c($ec&e(c'a )e ,$ #at!(e$ )e
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t!a($'t!' 4&e e#!e$a ,a ac&&,ac'( >ac'a'e(t a*ta'e(t e$ e, #e!a)! (a,a )e,. E( c!)e(a)a$ !ecta(*&,a!e$: , ,x y zc(
>ect!e$ &('ta!'$ , ,x y z : e, *!a)'e(te )e &(a ;&(c'( e$ca,a! f e$
!e#!e$e(ta)a #! f = ,a )'>e!*e(c'a )e &( >ect! v #! v . -/$e#,+c'tae(te?
x y z
yx z
f f ff
x y z
vv v
x y z
= + +
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v
A4&+ v : e$ e, >ect! >e,c')a) /$'ca #!e)' t!')'e($'(a,: )e(')#!
( )1
/N
j j
j
j f
M Cm s
== v v
)()e f e$ ,a )e($')a) )e ,a ec,a = ju !e#!e$e(ta ,a >e,c')a) )e ,a$
,@c&,a$ )e ,a e$#ec'e j . E, t@!'( e(t(ce$: ( )jC u ta e( c&e(ta
e, t!a($#!te )e a$a )e') a, ect'>.
E, t@!'( jJ e$ e, >ect! )e F,& ,a! )e ,a e$#ec'e j c( !e$#ect a
,a >e,c')a) /$'ca #!e)' 2/kmol m s .
C&a() e, ')a) e;ect'>a )e ,a e$#ec'e j e( ,a ec,a
&,t'c#(e(te.
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P! $&e$t: &(a ,e= )e )';&$'( &,t'c#(e(te /$ a#!#'a)a#)!+a $e! &$a)a: c e, ca$ )e ,a$ ec&ac'(e$ )e te;a(-ae,,.'$tea$ N )',&')$6
E( ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 2 : ,a ;&e!a t!' "a $') ta)a c ,e$ )e j
#! a$a tta, )e ac'( )e ,a a$a e( &( $'$tea!eacta(te. Ta, 4&e $' ca)a t@!'( )e ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 1 e$ &,t'#,'ca)
#! e, #e$ ,ec&,a! jM : = ,a ec&ac'( e$ e(t(ce$ $&a)a $!e e,
(e! )e e$#ec'e$ N : = ta() e( c&e(ta ,a !e,ac'( f j jj
M C = : $et'e(e ,a ec&ac'( )e c(t'(&')a) tta,? Re,ac'( e(t!e ,a ec&ac'( )ec(t'(&')a) #! e$#ec'e = c(t'(&')a) tta,6
( ) 0f ft
+ =
u
( )3 3
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E(t(ce$: $e )ee )e$taca! 4&e ,a ec&ac'( )e c(t'(&')a) &$&a, e$
ta'@( >/,')a #a!a &(a ec,a !eacc'(a(te. La ec&ac'( ( )3 3 #&e)e
$e! &$a)a #a!a !e$c!''! ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 1 e( &(a ;!a 4&e e$ &c"a$
>ece$ /$ c(>e('e(te #a!a c/,c&,$ )e !eact!e$. E, #!'e! )e ,$ )$t@!'($ #&e)e $e! !ea!!e*,a) c $'*&e?
( )j j j jC
C Rt
+ + =
u J
( )3 1
( )
( )
0
j j j
j f f
f f
j j j
f f
f f f
j j
f
f f
C C C
Ct t
C C C
t
C C
t
+ = +
= + +
= + +
u u
u u
u
)()e e, ,t' !e$&,ta ce!: )e ,a ec&ac'( )e c(t'(&')a) tta, )a)a
#! ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 3 . E$te !e$&,ta) $&*'e!e 4&e
( )/j fC moles de j por unidad de masa de mezcla e$ &(a >a!'a,e (at&!a, =
c(>e('e(te. E$t e$ )e') a 4&e /j fC $e !e,ac'(a )e a(e!a
$e(c',,a c( ,a c(>e!$'( ,a ee(c'(6: &(a >a!'a,e 4&e e$;!ec&e(tee(te &$a)a e( e, )'$e8 )e !eact!e$?
( ) ( )
00 0 00
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j j f j j j j
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f f j f fj f
C C C N C C x
NC
= = =
( )3 4
)()e jN e$ e, (e! tta, )e ,e$ )e j #!e$e(te$ e( e, !eact!: e,
$&+()'ce ce! $e !ee!e a ,$ >a,!e$ )e e(t!a)a = ( )0 0
/j A A A
x N N N= .
C'(a() e, ,t' !e$&,ta) c( ,a$ ec&ac'(e$ ( )3 1 = ( )3 2 $e
,,e*a a ,a ec&ac'( e( t@!'($ )e ,a c(>e!$'(?
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( )0
j f
f j f jm j j
j
xx D x R
t C
+ =
u ( )3 5
La$ ec&ac'(e$ ( )3 1 = ( )3 5 $( )e "ec" ete($'(e$ )e ,a$ ec&ac'(
)e c(t'(&')a) = $( &t','a)a$ !a!a >e c( t)$ $&$ t@!'($(!a,e(te $, ,$ t@!'($ /$ '#!ta(te$ $( !ete(')$ e(
$'t&ac'(e$ #!/ct'ca$. '( ea!* ,a$ ec&ac'(e$. ( )3 1 ( )3 5 $(
t',e$ #a!a te(e! )'$#(',e &(a a$e ;&()ae(ta,.
La ec&ac'( ( )3 5 a$&e '#,+c'tae(te: 'ta! e$a$ c#,e')a)e$ate/t'ca$. E, ;act! )e #!#!c'(a,')a) e(t!e e, ')a) t&!&,e(ta )e !e,'(.C e$te eca('$ e$ c($')e!a) a te(e! ,a '$a ;&e!a t!'4&e ,a )';&$'( ,ec&,a!: ,$ )$ eca('$$ $( $&a)$ = ,a
c($ta(te )e #!#!c'(a,')a) e$ ,,aa) c )';&$'>')a) e;ect'>a effD .
E( @$ )e $&c(t!'&c'( t&!&,e(ta: ,a )';&$'( e;ect'>a e$ N '$t!#'ca.
, ,
,
0
j j j
f j f eff x f eff y
j f
f eff z j
j
x x xx D D
t x x y y
xD Rz z C
+ = +
+
u ( )3 6
C&a() e, !eact! c(t'e(e cata,'a)! $,'): e, #at!( )e
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!e$&,ta(te )e, e;ect )e ec,a) ca&$a) #! ,a #!e$e(c'a )e, $,')#&e)e $e! e#!e$a) e( ,a ;!a )e ,a ,e= )e F'c.
E( c($ec&e(c'a ,a ;!a )e ,a Ec. ( )3 6 ( $e a,te!a: $, 4&e a"!a ,a
)';&$'>')a) e;ect'>a c(t'e(e ,$ e;ect$ )e, e#a4&e.
3.2.FORMAS SIMPLIFICADAS DE LA ECUACINGENERALDECONTINUIDAD
e "a e(c'(a) 4&e ,a ec&ac'( ;&()ae(ta, )e c(t'(&')a) e$&$&a,e(te &= c#,ea #a!a $e! c(>e('e(tee(te !e$&e,ta #a!aa#,'cac'(e$ #!/ct'ca$ )e )'$e8 )e !eact!e$. De ta, a(e!a 4&e $' &(
/$ t@!'($ $( e,''(a)$ )e ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 6 =K $( &$a)$
#!e)'$ '(te*!a,e$ $!e ,a$ )'!ecc'(e$ e$#ac'a,e$: ,a ec&ac'( )ec(t'(&')a) #a!a ca)a c#(e(te $e !e)&ce a ,a$ ec&ac'(e$ )e ,$!eact!e$ t'# ')ea,e$. E( a)e,a(te $e &e$t!a c $e #&e)e( te(e!a #a!t'! )e ,a ec&ac'( ;&()ae(ta,.
3.2.1. F LUJOTAPN
E, !eact! T&&,a! )e a!'a)a: #! ee#,: e, !eact! #&e)e c($'$t'! )e &( t& c,ca) e(&( a8: &( t& c,ca) e( &(a c"a4&eta &( )ete!'(a) (e!)e t&$ '(e!$$ e( &( e)' )e e(;!'a'e(t #a!a 4&e e, !eact!#e!e '$t@!'cae(te. E, e)' )e t!a($;e!e(c'a )e ca,! )ee ''e(t ')@(t'ca$. D&!a(te e,
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4&e t)$ ,$ e,ee(t$ ta( ,a '$a a*('t&) ca(t')a) )e t'e##a!a >e!$e )e$)e ,a e(t!a "ac'a ,a $a,')a )e, !eact!. E, F,& ta#(#&e)e $e! )e$c!'t #! &( )e, )e @$ )e,!eact!: c( ,a $$'c'( )e 4&e e, #e!, )e >e,c')a) e$ #,a(. Ca)ata#( )e a)$ )e #e!ac'( F,& )e ca,! ( &(';!e a t!a>@$ )e ,a $ecc'( )e '(te!ca'
)e ca,!
La #!'(c'#a, )e$>e(taa )e e$te t'# )e !eact!e$ e$ ,a )'c&,ta) )ec(t!,a! ,a te#e!at&!a )e(t! )e, !eact!. E$t c( ;!ec&e(c'a c()&cea M#&(t$ ca,'e(te$: e$#ec'a,e(te $' ,a !eacc'( e$ et@!'ca. E,!eact! t&&,a! #&e)e e$ta! e( ,a ;!a )e &( $, t&: ,a!* e( &(a!!e*, )e !eact!e$ /$ c!t$ ac)a)$ e( &( a(c )e t&$.
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Figura 3.2. Reactor )ongitudinal
E$ &= c( 4&e e( ,$ !eact!e$: $e te(*a &( a,! )e ,a c(ce(t!ac'( #!e)': c,a! e$t/6 e( ,a$ecc'( t!a($>e!$a, )e c(ce(t!ac'( = te#e!at&!a #&e)e( $e! &$a)$e( ,&*a! )e ,$ >a,!e$ #&(t&a,e$ !a)'a,e$.
L a(te!'! #&e)e te(e!$e a #a!t'! )e ,a $'*&'e(te )e('c'( )e#!e)'?
1d
=
)()e !e#!e$e(ta a,*&(a >a!'a,e:
e$ ,a $ecc'( t!a($>e!$a, )e(t!
)e ,a ;!(te!a !+*')a = d dx dy = . P)e$ >e! 4&e >'!t&a,e(te t)$
,$ t@!'($ )e ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 6 c(t'e(e( #!)&ct$ )e ,a$ >a!'a,e$
)e#e()'e(te$: = ,a #!'e!a a#!'ac'( 4&e )ee $e! "ec"a e$ 4&e e,#!e)' )e, #!)&ct e$ ce!ca( a, #!)&ct )e ,$ #!e)'$ #!ee#,?
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jj
f z f z
xxu u
z z
F
E( e$te ca$: ,a a#!'ac'( $e!/ c,a!ae(te e! e( &( e,c')a) $(!e,at'>ae(te #,a($. La )'$c!e#a(c'a !ea, e$ '(t!)&c')a '(c!#!a)ae(6 e( ,$ cec'e(te$ )e t!a($#!te e;ect'>$: ,$ c&a,e$ $(e#+!'cae(te e)')$. Ot!a a#!'ac'( c(c'e!(e a, t@!'( )e!eacc'(?
( ) ( ), ,j j jR C T R C TF
E(t(ce$ ,a Ec&ac'( ( )3 6 $e c(>'e!te: )e$#&@$ )e ,a '(te*!ac'(
$!e ,a $ecc'( t!a($>e!$a, a, e,c')a) e( ,a )'!ecc'( )e, e,c')a)
,ca, >e!)a)e!a )e, e!$a, c#,eta:c $+ ( "&'e$e $,'): 4&e e$ ,,aa)a >e,c')a) $e!c'a,
( )3 m de fluido ! m de secci"n transversal s .
P! t!a #a!te: $e t'e(e &( )e, &(')'e($'(a,: $+ e, ect'> e$ c#,etae(te )'(a(te $!e e, t!a($#!te )';&$'>e( #a!t'c&,a!: e( ,a )'!ecc'( )e,
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0
0
j f
f j
j
j ff j
j
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( )( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )3 2
0/ / /
f
f f
d u dz
u u kg m m s cte # kg m s flux m$sico
= = = = = =
)()e # e$ &$&a,e(te ,,aa)a c >e,c')a) )e e,c')a) )e ,&@t!'c )e a,'e(tac'( ( )3 /m s =
d% e$ >,&e( )e, e,ee(t )';e!e(c'a, )e, !eact!. La '(te*!ac'( )a
a"!a?
( )
( )
,0 '
0 0
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j
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dxdz d% C
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dx%C
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= =
= ( )3 9
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La ec&ac'( a(te!'!: $e e$c!'e /$ ;!ec&e(tee(te c?
( )
'
,0
j
j j j
dx%
& R x= ( )3 10
P! e)' )e 4&e ' ',0 0 ,0j j& & C= e$ ,a >e,c')a) ,a! )e a,'e(tac'( )e ,a
e$#ec'e ( )/j kmol s . La ,t'a ec&ac'( $e &$a #a!a )e$c!''! &( !eact!
)e
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3.2.2. REACTORBATCH
E, c(ce#t )e React! Batc" a$&e 4&e $e ca!*a( a, !eact! ="*e('a( )e a(e!a '($ta(t/(ea ,$ !eact'>$. Ta'@( $e a$&e4&e ,a te#e!at&!a )e a(e!a '(e)'ata a, e)' )e t!a($;e!e(c'a )eca,!. De ta, ;!a 4&e a &( ec,a) #e!;ect: ,a !eacc'( ta,&*a! a ,a te#e!at&!a )e, e)' )e t!a($;e!e(c'a )e ca,!.
Figura 3.3. Reactor 6atc1 >omog?neo
La *&!a &e$t!a )$ 4&',,a$ e( ,a #a!te $e!'!: #! ,a$ c&a,e$ $e!ea,'a ,a ca!*a )e, !eact!. A4&+: ,a !eacc'( e$ )ete(')a &(a >e 4&e $ea,ca(a e, *!a) )e c(>e!$'( )e$ea) /'. E, !eact! Batc" $e&$a ete($'>ae(te e( e, e$ca,a'e(t a !eact!e$ )e e$ca,a '()&$t!'a,.La $e,ecc'( e(t!e &( !eact! c(t'(& = &( !eact! #! ,te$: e$ c(;!ec&e(c'a c($ec&e(c'a )e c($')e!ac'(e$ e$#ec'a,e$.
L$ taa8$ )e ,$ !eact!e$ Batc": e$t/( e( e, !a(* )e e(
!eact!e$ #',t a e( #,a(ta$
'()&$t!'a,e$.
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P! t!a #a!te: c&a() $e !e4&'e!e( a=!e$ ca#ac')a)e$: e, )'$e8#)!+a '(c,&'! &(')a)e$ ,t'#,e$ a!!e*,a)a$ e( $e!'e.
E( #,a(ta$ #',t: &( $'$tea Batc" #&e)e $e! &$a) #a!a te(e!
'(;!ac'( #!e,''(a!: ta'@( $e &$a( #a!a te(e! #e4&e8a$ca(t')a)e$ )e &( #!)&ct (&e> c( ,a ')ea )e e>a,&ac'(e$#$te!'!e$: !e$#ect a $& #&!'cac'(: !e()''e(t$. A ('>e,e$'()&$t!'a,e$ e$t$ !eact!e$ $( &$a)$ e( ,a$ '()&$t!'a$ ;a!ac@&t'ca$:'4&+'ca$ e( #,a(ta$ )e &,t'#!)&ct$ = e( ,a$ '()&$t!'a$ )e#'(t&!a$.
E$t$ !eact!e$ !e4&'e!e( acce$ )'$#(',e )e ,$ a*'ta)!e$: e$#'!a,e$= t!$ )'$#$'t'>$ '(te!($ = #a!a ,a ,'#'ea.
Figura 4. Reactor 6atc1 "nc1a@uetado
La$ #!'(c'#a,e$ >e(taa$ )e &( !eact! Batc" $(?
'#,'c')a) e( $& c($t!&cc'( Pe4&e8$ c$t$ )e '($t!&e(tac'( F,e'',')a) e( ,a #e!ac'(
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La #!'(c'#a, )e$>e(taa e$ e, e,e>a) c$t )e a( )e !a e!ac'(. E$t$ ta( e( c&e(ta ,$ c$t$ = e, t'e# )e ,,e(a) )e!eact!: e, ca,e(ta'e(t a ,a te#e!at&!a )e !eacc'(: e(;!'a'e(t
)e$#&@$ )e acaa)a ,a !eacc'(: )e$ca!*a )e, c(te('): ,'#'ea )e,!eact! #a!a #(e!, ,'$t #a!a e, $'*&'e(te ,te. Ot!a )e$>e(taa e$ ,a)'c&,ta) #a!a c(t!,a! ,a t!a($;e!e(c'a )e ca,! = ,a ca,')a) )e,#!)&ct.
E$ >' 4&e ,a >e,c')a) )e !eacc'( '(c!ee(ta c( ,a te#e!at&!a =c( e, c(tact +(t' )e ,$ !eacta(te$. E( e$te $e(t'): ,a a*'tac'(ec/('ca #!&e>e e, @$ )e ,a c(>ecc'( ;!a)a)e a$a = c( e,,: ,a !e)&cc'( )e #e,+c&,a$ )e !e$'$te(c'a e( ,a$#a!e)e$ )e, !eact!. A)e/$ ,a a*'tac'(: !#e c&a() e$ e, ca$6 ,$
c(*,e!a)$ )e $,') e '(c!ee(ta ,a $e!c'e )e c(tact c( ,a$e$#ec'e$ Reacc'(a(te$ ce!ca(a$.
A"!a 'e(: >a=a$ a ,a ec&ac'( 4&e )e,a )'c" c#!ta'e(t.
Ot!a ;!a $'#,'ca)a )e ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 7 c&a() e, !eact! e(te!
#&e)e c($')e!a!$e &(';!e: #e!a() a c()'c'(e$ )e ec,a)c#,et. A4&+ $e #&e)e #!e)'a! $!e t)a$ ,a$ )'!ecc'(e$
e$#ac'a,e$: ta, 4&e ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 7 #&e)e $e! '(te*!a)a $!e z .
j jx x dz%
De') a $$'c'( )e &(';!')a) c#,eta: ( e$ (ece$a!'c($')e!a! e, t@!'( )e t!a($#!te e;ect'>. E( e, ca$ Batc": c&a() e,
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Ingeniera de -a!' E)*a! C!)e!
( ),0j j jd
N x R %dt
=
)()e ( )0 0 0 0 0/f f j j j% C % C N = = : e$ e, (e! tta, )e ,e$ )e j
#!e$e(te$ '('c'a,e(te. jN e$t/ !e,ac'(a) a 0jN #! e)' )e
( )0 1j j jN N x= : ta, 4&e $e t'e(e )e a(e!a (a,?
j
j
dNR %
dt=
( )3 12
e( ;!a '(te*!a,?
j
j
dN
R %= ( )3 13
E$ta e$ ,a ec&ac'( )e a,a(ce )e ate!'a #a!a &( !eact! )e t'# Batc".E, t$+, e$ !e#,aa) #! &( $+, /$ &$&a, : e, t'e# )e!e$')e(c'a.
!: / , 0 g i n a
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Ingeniera de -a!' E)*a! C!)e!
3.2.3. REACTORCONTINUODETANQUEAGITADO.
Pa!a e, !eact! c(t'(& c#,etae(te a*'ta): e$ t', ce(a! )e ,aec&ac'( )e c(t'(&')a) !e)&c')a e( t@!'($ )e c(ce(t!ac'(e$:
a(/,*a a ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 7 #e! $'( t@!'( )e )';&$'(6?
j j
j
C uCR
t z
+ =
( )3 14
E, c&a, c()&ce: )e$#&@$ )e ,a '(te*!ac'( $!e z = ,a &,t'#,'cac'(
#! ?
( ) j
j j
d &d%C dz R %
dt dz+ = ( )3 15
)e') a 4&e?
'j jj
& & CuC = =
)()e '& e$ ,a >e,c')a) )e ,&@t!'c ( )3 /m s . + ,0j& = ,j e&
!e#!e$e(ta( ,$
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Ingeniera de -a!' E)*a! C!)e!
La c&a, e$ e, a,a(ce )e a$a #a!a &( !eact! )e ta(4&e a*'ta) e(
/,')a #a!a e, $'$tea.
Pa!a a!!'a! a )'c"a$ e#!e$'(e$: $( )e &t',')a) ,a$ $'*&'e(te$e#!e$'(e$ )e(')a$ c( a(te!'!')a) e( t!a$ $ecc'(e$ )e e$te
)c&e(t6?
0
0
A A
A
N N(
N
=
ConAersiBn
( )3 19
/A AC N %=RelaciBn entre concentraciBn el &mero de (oles
( )3 20
2= / , 0 g i n a
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Ingeniera de -a!' E)*a! C!)e!
0
0
0
0 0
T
T
) NT *% %
) T * N
=
RelaciBn lineal para el cambio de Aolumen en una reacciBn gaseosa
( )3 21
O0
0
0 0
1 1AT
A
T T
NN( y (
N N
= + = +
Cambio del nmero de moles en una reacciBn
( )3 22
)()e?
1
1i n
i
i A
d c '
a a a
=
=
= = + + ( )3 23
C+A + C
A Ar r r
= = RelaciBn entre las Aelocidades de apariciBn desapariciBn de todas las
especies
( )3 24
E( a,*&(a$ ca$'(e$: e$ /$ (at&!a, !e#!e$e(ta! ,$ ;e(e($ )e!eacc'( e( t@!'($ )e ,a c(>e!$'( 4&e "a $e a,ca(a: $' e$te e$ e,
ca$: ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 12 : ta ,a ;!a?
( )
( )
0 0 0
0
1
1
AA
A A A A
A A
dNR %
dt
N (N N N (
dN ( R %
dt
=
= + =
=
e(t(ce$: #a!a e, ca$ )e
0
A
A
d( %R
dt N=
( )3 25
E( ,a e#!e$'( a(te!'!: e>')e(tee(te AR ta'@( t'e(e 4&e
e#!e$a!$e e( t@!'($ )e (: = , a(te!'! #&e)e !ea,'a!$e a t!a>@$ )e,
&$ )e ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 19 .
U(a $'#,'cac'( >'a,e: e( ,a e#!e$'( a(te!'! ( )3 25 : e$ e, ca$ e(
4&e ,a !eacc'( $e ,,e>a a >,&e( c($ta(te )'c" )e t!a a(e!a:)&!a(te ,a !eacc'( ( ca'a e, >,&e(. E( e$te ca$: $e #&e)e(
2! / , 0 g i n a
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Ingeniera de -a!' E)*a! C!)e!
te(e! )$ e#!e$'(e$ a,te!(at'>a$: 4&e e( !ea,')a) $( ,a '$a: $,4&e e$c!'ta e( t@!'($ )e t!a$ >a!'a,e$.
E( #!'e! t@!'(: #a!ta$ )e ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 12 : = "a*a$ &$ )e ,a
!e,ac'( e(t!e ,a c(ce(t!ac'( ,a! = e, (e! )e ,e$: )a)a #! ,a
ec&ac'( ( )3 20 a#,'c/(),a a, ca$ )e 4&e e, >,&e( )e, $'$tea )e
!eacc'(: $ea c($ta(te.
( )
j
j
A
A
dNR %
dt
d %CR %
dt
=
=
( )3 12
c $e "a )'c" 0% %= : e(t(ce$?
0 0A
A
dC% R %
dt=
AA
dCR
dt= ( )3 26
La t!a #$'',')a) e$ e$c!''! ,a >e!$'( e( t@!'($ )e ,a c(>e!$'( )e,a ec&ac'( a(te!'! 4&e e$ ,a ec&ac'( #a!a &( !eact! Batc" #a!a &(
$'$tea )e !eacc'( 4&e ( ca'a )e >,&e( 'e(t!a$ t!a($c&!!e e,ca' 4&+'c6. Pa!a e,,: e'$te( )$ ca'($: 4&e '(>a!'a,ee(te)ee( ,,e>a! a, '$ !e$&,ta).
e #&e)e #a!t'! )e ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 26 = "ace! &$ )e: ta(t ,a ec&ac'(
( )3 19 : c ,a ( )3 20 c,a! e$t/: ta() e( c&e(ta 4&e e, >,&e(
)e, $'$tea )e !eacc'( e$ '(>a!'a(te )&!a(te e, t!a($c&!$$ )e ,a
!eacc'(. O 'e( #a!t'! )e ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 25 = &$a! ,a !e,ac'( e(t!e
c(ce(t!ac'( = F,& ,a!: ec&ac'( ( )3 20 . E$t ,t' e$ , /$$e(c',,?
0 0 0
0 1A A A
A A A
%d( %R R R
dt N N C = = = ( )3 25
22 / , 0 g i n a
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Ingeniera de -a!' E)*a! C!)e!
0
1A
A
d(R
dt C=
( )3 27
23 / , 0 g i n a
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Ingeniera de -a!' E)*a! C!)e!
"emplo 3.!. e 4&'e!e ,,e>a! a ca ,a $'*&'e(te !eacc'(?2kA +
Pa!a e,, $e )'$#(e )e &( !eact! #! ,te$: 4&e t'e(e &( >,&e( )e
. E, !eact'> A t'e(e &(a c(ce(t!ac'( '('c'a, )e .
e c&e(ta c( ,a $'*&'e(te '(;!ac'( c'(@t'ca #a!a )'c" $'$tea?
2A Ar k C =
( )
1
2 300 0.0015k T , s
= =2
15,000 /A- kcal mol=
$e )e$ea $ae!: c&/, e$ e, t'e# (ece$a!' #a!a 4&e )'c" $'$tea a,ca(ce&(a c(>e!$'( 0.8(= .
'oluciBn.
C ,$ )at$ )e, #!,ea e$t/( e( t@!'($ )e c(ce(t!ac'(e$ = ( "a='()'c'$ 4&e &e$t!e( 4&e )&!a(te ,a !eacc'( "a= ca' )e >,&e(: ,a
e#!e$'( )e c(>e('e(c'a e$ ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 26 : 4&e e#!e$a)a e( ;!a'(te*!a, e$?
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
0
0 0 0
22 2
0.8
20
1 11 1
1
A A A
A A A
(
(
kd(R k C C ( k (
dt C C C
d(t
k (
=
=
= = = =
=
E$ta e#!e$'( t'e(e $,&c'( a,*e!a'ca e#,'c'ta?
2 0
1 1
1
(t ln
k (
=
Q&e c( (&e$t! $'$tea e( #a!t'c&,a!?
1 1 0.8ln 476.49
0.0015 1t s
= =
24 / , 0 g i n a
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Ingeniera de -a!' E)*a! C!)e!
E$te $'$tea "a $') !e$&e,t e( e, $a,( c( P,=at" = ,$ !e$&,ta)$ $e&e$t!a( a c(t'(&ac'(?
2 / , 0 g i n a
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Ingeniera de -a!' E)*a! C!)e!
t sE t sE t sE t sE
0.000.00
33%.SS
0.39
1.0S
0.3
97S.S
0.77
25.S
0.0
%
3%3.
%7
0.%
0
9.
0.
3
9S7.2
7
0.7
73%.%
%0.05
30.%
0.%2
7S.2%
0.%
100%.%%
0.7S
%3.03
0.0
39.22
0.%3
S.S3
0.%
1013.02
0.7S
0.20
0.09
377.S0
0.%3
70%.00
0.5
1021.0
0.7S
S.7S
0.10
3S.39
0.%%
712.5S
0.
1030.19
0.79
77.3
0.11
%03.5
0.%5
721.1
0.
10%7.3
0.79
S5.95
0.12
%12.1%
0.%
729.75
0.7
1055.9%
0.79
103.12
0.1%
%20.72
0.%7
7%.92
0.7
10%.52
0.S0
111.
70
0.1
5
%29.
31
0.%
7
755.
50
0.
S
1073.
00
0.S
0120.2S
0.17
%%.%S
0.%9
7%.0S
0.S
12S.S7
0.1S
%55.0
0.%9
772.7
0.9
1%.0%
0.20
%3.%
0.50
7S9.S%
0.9
15%.2
0.21
%72.23
0.51
79S.%2
0.70
13.20
0.22
%S9.%0
0.52
S07.00
0.70
171.79
0.23
%97.9S
0.53
S15.59
0.71
1SS.9
0.25
50.5
0.53
S32.7
0.71
197.5%
0.2
515.15
0.5%
S%1.3%
0.72
20.12
0.27
532.32
0.55
S%9.92
0.72
21%.71
0.2S
5%0.90
0.5
S5S.51
0.72
231.SS
0.29
5%9.%S
0.5
S75.S
0.73
2%0.%
0.30
55S.07
0.57
SS%.2
0.73
2%9.0%
0.31
575.2%
0.5S
S92.S%
0.7%
257.3
0.32
5S3.S2
0.5S
901.%3
0.7%
27%.S0
0.3%
592.%0
0.59
91S.0
0.75
2S3.3S
0.35
00.99
0.59
927.1S
0.75
291.9 0.35 1S.1 0.0 935.7 0.75300.55
0.3
2.7%
0.1
9%%.35
0.7
317.72
0.3S
35.32
0.1
91.52
0.7
32.30
0.39
%3.91
0.2
970.10
0.77
28 / , 0 g i n a
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Ingeniera de -a!' E)*a! C!)e!
"emplo 3.2. e ,,e>a a ca ,a '$a !eacc'( 4&e e( e, ee#, 1: $, 4&ea"!a: ,a te#e!at&!a )e, $'$tea )e !eact! e$ )e 310T ,= ?
'oluciBn.
e $ae 4&e?
1
2 03000.0015
A-
RT
T ,k s A e
= = =
e(t(ce$?
( ) ( )
1 1
0 15000 /
1.987 300
8
2
0.0015 0.0015
0.
1.
00
272 10
337769
A- kcal kmol
,RT
s sA
e e
k
= = =
=
)a)a e$ta te#e!at&!a: e, t'e# (ece$a!': a"!a e$
1 1 0.8ln 1072.96
0.00337769 1t s
= =
29 / , 0 g i n a
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Ingeniera de -a!' E)*a! C!)e!
"emplo 3.3. e ,,e>a a ca ,a '$a !eacc'( 4&e e( e, ee#, 1: $, 4&ea"!a: $e ,,e>a( a ca ,a$ $'*&'e(te$ !eacc'(e$: )e a(e!a $'&,t/(ea?
1kA (3kA .
e c&e(ta c( ,a $'*&'e(te '(;!ac'( c'(@t'ca a)'c'(a,.
1 1Ar k =
2 2A Ar k C =
3
2
3A Ar k C =-3 1
1 0.0001k mol dm s=
1
2 0.0015k s=3 -1 1
3 0.008k dm mol s
=1
10,000 /A- kcal kmol=
215,000 /A- kcal kmol=
320,000 /A- kcal kmol=
'oluciBn.
E( e$te ca$: c =a $e "a+a e(c'(a): "a= 4&e e$c!''! &(a ec&ac'( )ec(t'(&')a) #! e$#ec'a: #a!a ca)a e$#ec'e 4&e ;!a #a!te )e, $'$tea: e$te$?
21 2 3 A
AAdC k k C k C
dt =
1(dC k
dt=
2+
A
dCk C
dt=
2
3.
A
dCk C
dt=
La$ e#!e$'(e$ a(te!'!e$: e$c!'ta$ e( t@!'($ )e ,a$ c(>e!$'(e$: a #a!t'!)e ,a ec&ac'( : $(?
( ) ( )0 0
0
21 2 31 1A A
A
k k C ( k C ( d(
dt C
+ + =
0
1
A
kd(
dt C=
( )2 1d(
k (dt
=
2: / , 0 g i n a
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Ingeniera de -a!' E)*a! C!)e!
( )0
2
3 1A
d(k C (
dt=
A c(t'(&ac'( $e &e$t!a( ,$ !e$&,ta)$ te(')$ c( P,=at"?
"emplo 3.4. , $e ,,e>a ,a $'*&'e(te !eacc'(?
2 2kA +
#e!a(ece( ,$ $'*&'e(te$ )at$ c'(@t'c$?
2 2A Ar k C =
1
2 0.0015k s=
215,000 /A- kcal kmol=
'oluciBn.
E( e$te ca$: c =a $e "a+a e(c'(a): "a= 4&e e$c!''! &(a ec&ac'( )ec(t'(&')a) #! e$#ec'a: #a!a ca)a e$#ec'e 4&e ;!a #a!te )e, $'$tea: e$te$?
2; / , 0 g i n a
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Ingeniera de -a!' E)*a! C!)e!
2
1 2 3 A
AA
dCk k C k C
dt=
1(
dCk
dt
=
2+
A
dCk C
dt=
2
3.
A
dCk C
dt=
La$ e#!e$'(e$ a(te!'!e$: e$c!'ta$ e( t@!'($ )e ,a$ c(>e!$'(e$: a #a!t'!)e ,a ec&ac'( : $(?
A c(t'(&ac'( $e &e$t!a( ,$ !e$&,ta)$ te(')$ c( P,=at"?
3.1.2. React! C(t'(& )e Ta(4&e A*'ta) CTR6
La ec&ac'( )e )'$e8 )e &( !eact! CTR: e$t/ )a)a #! ,a ec&ac'(
( )3 12 : $'( ea!* e'$te( >a!'a$ )'cac'(e$ a )'c"a e#!e$'(: )e
,a$ c&a,e$ $e ca &(a & t!a: )e#e()'e() )e ,$ )at$ )'$#(',e$ =)e $' e'$te( ( $'#,'cac'(e$ >/,')a #a!a e, $'$tea.
3= / , 0 g i n a
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Ingeniera de -a!' E)*a! C!)e!
Pa!a a!!'a! a )'c"a$ e#!e$'(e$: $( )e &t',')a) ,a$ $'*&'e(te$e#!e$'(e$ )e(')a$ c( a(te!'!')a) e( t!a$ $ecc'(e$ )e e$te)c&e(t6?
0
0
A A
A
N N(
N
=
ConAersiBn
( )3 19
A A& vC=Fluo *olum?trico
( )3 20
a c(t'(&ac'( $e )e(e( )$ /$?
0
% %olumen
v &lujo %olum/trico = = =
"spacio Tiempo
( )3 21
0
0(condiciones iniciales)
A
A
%elocidad de Reacci"n de A
%elocidad Convectiva de A
r %Da
&
= =
&mero de DamGH1ler para ReacciBn
( )3 22
E(t(ce$: )e ,a ec&ac'( )e )'$e8 #a!a &( CTR = )e ,a ec&ac'( 221?
( )0A
A salida
& (%
r=
( )3 12
e t'e(e , $'*&'e(te?
0
0
A
A
C (%
v r= =
( )3 27
La e#!e$'( ta &(a ;!a (a,: a, $&$t't&'! ,a e#!e$'( c'(@t'cac!!e$#()'e(te. P! ee#, $+ $e t!ata )e &(a >e,c')a) )e #!'e!!)e(?
( )0
1A A Ar kC kC ( = = ( )3 28
e t'e(e?
3! / , 0 g i n a
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Ingeniera de -a!' E)*a! C!)e!
1
1
(
k (
= ( )3 29
Q&e $e #&e)e e$c!''! c?
1
k(
k
=
+( )3 30
A)e/$ &(t c( ,a $'*&'e(te e#!e$'(?
1
k(
k
=
+( )3 31
32 / , 0 g i n a
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Ingeniera de -a!' E)*a! C!)e!
3.4.Ecuacion! " En#$%a &a#a 'o! #ac(o#!I"a'!
C