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CHAPTER 5
GREEN PLANTS AND CHORDATES
After studying this chapter you
Metaphyta (Plantae)
1. Multicellular Algae
2. Bryophytes
3. Pteridophytes
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Multicellular Algae
algae
Chlorella Chlamydomonas
Sargassum
Microcystus.
thallus.
chlorophyll
Spirogyra Ulothrix
phycoerythrin Batrachospermum
Polysiphonia.
xanthophyll
Sargassum Ectocarpus.
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Spirogyra
Polysiphonia
Dictyote
Marcocytosis Sargassum Padina
Cutleria Fucus
Ulothrix
Algin
Agar, Gelidium
Porphyra
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Laminaria
Gelidium Porphyra Laminaria
Bryophyta
Bryophyta.
Lejeunea Polytrichum
Pellia Ricca Anthoceros
Marchantia
thallus
Riccia, Marchantia.
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sporophyte
anther id ia archegonia
alternation of generations.
Pteridophytes
ferns jari sasyapteridophyta
tracheophytes
Selaginella Pteris
Dryopteris
EquisetumAdiantum
N e p h r o l e p i s , Selaginel la, Adiantum,
Lycopodium Marsilea.
sporophyte
prothallus
antheridia
archegonia
alternation of generations
Jari sasya
Vrikshayurveda.
CycasPinus
cones
Sequoia
Araucaria, Thuja,( ) Cupresscus Cycas
fruits.
dicots
dicotyledonous
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Activity 5.1
Find out whether the different grains brought to your house are monocots
or dicots.
Nearly 2,00,000 species of dicots and about 55,000 species of monocots
India has a rich representation of angiosperms. More than 16,000
The seeds of orchids are very small. About one million seeds put together weigh only about 0.3 grams.
in pots. The trees grown like this remain in the same height even after
20 to 30 years. They even
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Oil yielding plants
Spice yielding plants
Fruit yielding plants
Fodder yielding plants
Medicinal plants
Activity 5.2
Find out about other plants in each of these categories and add to the list.
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HIGHER ANIMALS
nonchordates chordates
notochord
chordates
notochord
gill slits
Balanoglossus
Herdmania
Amphioxus
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closed type
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Class Pisces
gills
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Hippocampus
Hippocampus
pisciculture
Gambusia
four
gills
three
Alytes
Pipa
Ichthyophis
Class Reptilia
pentadactyl
lungs
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Varanus
Do crocodiles really shed tears ?
Periodically, crocodiles eliminate some nitrogenous wastes in a dissolved state through a pair of glands situated near their eyes. It is this process which appears as shedding of tears.
Extinct reptiles
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Vertebrates that keep changing their body temperature according to the
changes in the environment are called cold blooded or
animals. Fishes, amphibians and reptiles are poikilothermic.
Vertebrates that maintain a constant body temperature, irrespective of
changes in the environmental temperature, are called warm blooded
or homeothermic animals. Birds and mammals are homeothermic.
andaja
jarayuja
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feathers
pentadactyl
right side
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Streamlined body.
Special arrangement of feathers on the wings to provide the lift.
Reduced body weight.
Many bones in the body are fused.
Absence of teeth, replaced by a beak.
Humming bird is the smallest bird, weighing just about 3 grams!.
Ostrich is the biggest bird. A male ostrich is about 2.4 meters in
height and weighs about 140 kg. It can run at a speed of about
80 kmph.
distance of more than 18,000 km.
Male birds have a colourful arrangement of feathers (called plumage)
to attract the females. Peacock is an example for this.
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pentadactyl
lungs
left side.
enucleate
heterodont
thecodont diphyodont
placenta
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Kangaroo
sloth
Bats
Exercise
I.