iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetis
socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakulteti
n i n o l a b a r t y a v a
pirvelklaselTa saskolo mzaobis problema
19..00.07 pedagogiuri fsiqologia
fsiqologiaSi filosofiis doqtoris
akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad wardgenili
d i s e r t a c i a
Tbilisi 2008
2
naSromi Sesrulebulia iv. javaxiSvilis sax.
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi
samecniero xelmZRvaneli: fsiqologiis mecnierebaTa
kandidati, sruli profesori: mariam mirianaSvili
3
sarCevi
1. Sesavali..............................................................................................................................................................4
2. EeqvswlianTa swavleba ruseTSi......................................................................................................7
3. eqvswlianTa swavleba evropasa da amerikaSi....................................................................12
4. saskolo fsiqologiuri mzaobis motivaciis ganmsazRvreli roli..........29
5. moqmedeba, rogorc saskolo mzaobis komponenti da motivacia......................35
6. nebismieri moqmedeba – motivaciis funqcia. impulsuri da nebismieri
moqmedeba............................................................................................................................................................39
7. nebelobiTi qceva.....................................................................................................................................43
8. ganzraxvis maorganizebeli funqcia......................................................................................48…
9. nebelobiTi da savele qceva. k. levinis Teoriis mixedviT..............................51
Tavi II. Eeqsperimenti da miRebuli Sedegebis gansja
2.1…eqsperimentSi gamoyenebuli meTodikebis aRwera.........................................................54
2.2 TamaSebi da davalebebi, romlebsac viyenebT ganmaviTarebel
gakveTilebSi................................................................................................................................................85
2.3 korelacia seqtembris da maisis monacemebs Soris...............................................123
Tavi III. Ddaskvnebi da rekomendaciebi
3.1 daskvnebi................................................................................................................................................137-138
3.2 rekomendaciebi........................................................................................................................................138
Tavi IV. damowmebani....................................................................................................................................139
Tavi V. danarTi.............................................................................................................................................144
…………………………………………
4
eqvswlianTa swavlebas xangrZlivi istoria aqvs. uZvelesi droidan
zogierT qveyanaSi swavlas ara eqvsi, aramed xuTi wlis asakidanac
iwyebdnen.
platonis SexedulebaTa analizidan mtkicdeba, rom igi SesaZleblad
miiCnevda eqvsi wlis Semdeg bavSvis sistematizirebul swavlebas
(Jurakovski 1963 : 12-67). swavlebis ZiriTad universalur saSualebad
platoni TamaSs miiCnevda.
`yvelaze mniSvnelovani aRzrdaSi aris saTanado aRzrda, romelsac
Seaqvs bavSvis gulebSi is siyvaruli, risi srulyofili mcodne unda
gaxdes is ukve mozrdili~
platoniseuli TamaSis gageba marTalia metad idealisturia, magram
TamaSis saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi daniSnuleba skolamdel asakSi
dResac sakmaod sagulisxmo da gasaTvaliswinebelia.
TamaSs did mniSvnelobas aniWebda kvantilianic, romelic
savaldebulod miiCnevda bavSvis skolaSi misvlamde berZnuli da
laTinuri enebis flobas. igi winaaRmdegi iyo masalis meqanikuri da
uazro daswavlis da rom weris swavla gaazrebulad unda xdebodes.
`imisTvis, rom bavSvs swavla ar Sejavrdes saWiroa misi waqezeba
TxovniT, aucilebelia bavSvis moyvana im zomamde, rom mas Surdes,
rodesac sxvebs aswavlian~.
sainteresoa kvantilianis mosazreba wera-kiTxvis swavlebaze,
romelic dResac ar aris moklebuli Tavis aqtualobas.
aristoteles Sexedulebis mixedviT bavSvebi xuTidan –Svid wlamde
unda daswrebuliyvnen ufrosi bavSvis gakveTilebs, sadac weris, kiTxvis,
gramatikis, Tvlis, xatvis daufleba xdeboda. saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi
samuSaos es forma saskolo cxovrebasTan Seguebis saxes anu,
dRevandeli terminologia rom vixmaroT _ mosamzadebel xasiaTs
atarebda.
aristotele moiTxovda, rom adreuli asakidan didi yuradReba
mipyroboda bavSvis motoruli aqtivobis dakmayofilebas. igi
aucileblad miiCnevda organizmis gakaJebas curviT da moZravi
TamaSobebiT. aristoteles es idea Zalian mniSvnelovania dResac,
hipodinamiis epoqaSi.
5
aristoteles platonisagan gansxvavebuli azri hqonda TamaSis
Sesaxeb: `roca swavloben, ar TamaSoben~, an `axalgazrdebi
garTobisaTvis ar unda gaizardon~.
adreul CineTSi swavla xuTi-eqvsi wlidan iwyeboda. skolaSi
mxolod vaJebi dadiodnen, gogonebi ki saxlis pirobebSi Rebulobdnen
ganaTlebas.
ian amos komenski bavSvis saxlis pirobebSi swavlebis originalur
formas gvTavazobda Tumca Tvlida, rom eqvsi wlis Semdeg bavSvi
skolaSi unda dadiodes.
komenski werda: `minda girCioT, rom eqvsi wlis Semdeg bavSvi skolas
miabaroT, radgan am droisTvis is ganiviTarebs yvelafers, risi
ganviTareba saxlSic SesaZlebelia, xolo Tu Semdeg skolas ver
miabarebT, is usaqmurobas mieCveva da isev gavelurdeba. bavSvis
SesaZleblobebidan gamomdinare es periodi SeiZleba naxevari wliT
gaaxangrZlivoT an SeamciroT.~
ingliseli jon belersi bavSvis swavlebas mizanSewonilad 4-5
wlidan miiCnevda, Tanac maT skolebSi unda ecxovraT da wera-kiTxvasTan
erTad qsovasa da qargvas dauflebodnen.
pestalocim da r. ouenma praqtikulad ganaxorcieles 5-6 wlis
bavSvebis skolaSi swavlebis idea _ pirvelma Sveicariis qalaq stanceSi
1877 wels, meorem Sotlandis qalaq niu lenarkSi 1800 wels (tumin-
almedingeni 1960 : 164).
r. ouenis udidesi damsaxurebaa skolamdelTaTvis pirveli
sazogadoebriv saganmanaTlebo dawesebulebis _ `patara bavSvebis
skolis~ gaxsna.
r. ouenis mier organizebul dawyebiT skolaSi (5-10 wlamde
bavSvebisTvis) aswavlidnen mSobliur enas, ariTmetikas, botanikis
Sesavals amocanebis amoxsnas, geografias, musikas, cekvas, Wra-kervis
xelovnebasa da sxva.
swavlebis pirveli safexurisTvis gamoiyeneboda swavlebis mxolod
iseTi meTodebi, rom bavSvebisaTvis yvelaferi gasagebi da saintereso
yofiliyo. xdeboda saintereso saubrebis, TvalsaCino masalis (naxatebis,
sxvadasxva sagnebis) gamoyeneba. r. ouenis ganaTlebis sistema sxvadasxva
6
qveynebSi iqna gavrcelebuli. saintereso azrs gamosTqvamda saskolo
swavlebis dawyebis asakis gansazRvrasTan dakavSirebiT d. uSinski.
`saskolo swavlebis dawyebis asakis dadgena sakmaod rTulia da
praqtikis saqmea, magram umjobesia swavlis dawyeba cotaTi dagvianebiT
vidre adre, Tumca, rogorc erTs, aseve meoresac Tavisi uaryofiTi
mxareebi gaaCnia ~.
d. uSinski skolaSi bavSvis naadrevi Seyvanis uaryofiT mxareebsac
ganixilavs da iZleva samecniero fsiqologiur daxasiaTebas. d. uSinski
aRniSnavs bavSvis skolaSi gvian Seyvanis uaryofiT mxaresac: `bavSvis
sulieri Zalebi, romlebic droulad ar miimarTeba saswavlo
saqmianobaze, iseT Sedegs iRebs, romelTanac brZola xangrZlivia da
xSirad uSedegoc ki. yvela gamocdili pedagogi dameTanxmeba imaSi, rom
zogierTi bavSvi, cudad imitom swavlobs, rom swavla gvian daiwyo da
mas asakiT umcrosi moswavleebi sjobnian. amitom d. uSinski swavlis
dawyebas mizanSewonilad 7 wlis asakidan miiCnevs (uSinski 1968 : 514).
i. gogebaSvili SesaZleblad miiCnevda swavlis adreul asakSi
dawyebas. bavSvis aRzrdasa da ganaTlebaze zrunva skolaSi mis
miyvanamde unda daiwyos. mSoblebma bavSvs 3-4 wlidan unda gaacnon
xalxuri poezia da zRaprebi, aucilebelad unda gamoiyenon naxatebi da
sxva TvalsaCino masala, moamzadon bavSvebi wera-kiTxvis dauflebisaTvis
(gogebaSvili 1954 : 311-317).
i. gogebaSvilisaTvis ucxo da moulodneli ar aris eqvswlianTa
swavleba. `rodesac bavSvi 6 wels gadaabijebs unda daviwyoT misTvis
qarTuli kiTxvis swavla, Tavdapirvelad didi asoebis gamoyenebiT, xolo
Semdeg, wignis mixedviT, beWvdiTi asoebiT. wera rTuli procesia, amitom
weris swavla maSin unda daiwyon, rodesac bavSvi 7 wels gadaabijebs~.
7
eqvswlianTa swavleba ruseTSi
me-18 saukunis samocdaaTian wlebSi sankt-peterburgsa da moskovSi
gaisxna saswavleblebi, sadac swavlas 6 wlis asakidan iwyebdnen
(narkvevebi 1952 : 753).…cnobilia aseve, rom Zvelad, ruseTSic zogierT
ojaxSi 5-6 wlis bavSvebs wera-kiTxvas da ucxo enebs aswavlidnen, Tumca
maT swavlebas sistematizirebuli xasiaTi ar hqonda.
eqvswlianTa swavlebis sakiTxi yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi 1944 wels
sayovelTao savaldebulo swavlebis kanonis miRebasTan iyo
dakavSirebuli, romlis safuZvelzec skolaSi misvlis asakad 7 weli
dadginda. 1944 wlamde Svidwlianebis momzadeba sabavSvo baRebsa da
skolebSi mimdinareobda.
minimaluri saskolo asakis SemcirebasTan erTad gamartivda
sabavSvo baRis programa, rac imiT aixsneboda, rom swavleba skolis
saqmea da ara sabavSvo baRisa. amis Semdeg dRis werigSi dadga 6
wlianebis skolisaTvis momzadebis sakiTxi.
aRniSnuli problemis gadasaWrelad mecnierebi eyrdnobian
fiziologebis, pedagogebis, meTodistebis monacemebsa da
sazRvargareTul gamocdilebas.
fiziologebi n. krasnogorski, v. efimovi aRniSnavdnen (krasnogorski
1954 : 414-423), rom 5-6 wlis bavSvis tvinis qerqSi pirobiTi refleqsebis
ganviTarebis kanonzomierebis Sesabamisad ganviTarebas iwyebs wera-
kiTxvis pirobiT-refleqsuri funqcia, da rom 6 wlis bavSvis tvini ukve
isevea formirebuli, rogorc mozrdili adamianis.
didi qarTveli fsiqologi d. uznaZe, iseve rogorc rusi
fsiqologebi l. vigotski da d. boJoviCi, SesaZleblad Tvlidnen
eqvswlianTa swavlebas (vigotski 1956 : 496, boJoviCi 1948 : 122-130, uznaZe
2005 : 453-484). cnobili meTodistebi e. tixeeva da s. redozubovi
Tvlidnen, rom wera-kiTxva bavSvs 5-6 wlis asakSi unda aswavlo (tixeeva
1930 : 5-10, redozubovi 1961 : 165-183).
1947-1948 wlebSi yofili sabWoTa kavSiris mTel teritoriaze
mimdinareobda masiuri eqsperimentebi eqvswlianTa Sesaswavlad
(voskresenskaia 1960 : 26-37, usova 1970 : 205).
8
pedagogiur mecnierebaTa akademiaSi am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ori,
erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdego mimarTuleba gaCnda.
1) skolamdeli aRzrdis fsiqologebi da pedagogebi (a. zaporoJeci, d.
elkonini da skolamdeli aRzrdis institutis sxva TanamSromlebi)
asabuTebdnen, rom im dros arsebul pirobebSi SeuZlebeli iyo
eqvswlianTa saskolo swavlebis organizeba.
2) meore mimdinareobis warmomadgenlebi (ZiriTadad pedagogebi da
meTodistebiL S. amonaSvili a. markuSeviCi, m. kaSini, a. piSkalo,)
Tvlidnen, rom ganaTlebis sistemis daxvewisTvis aucilebeli iyo 6
wlianTa CarTva saskolo swavlebis procesSi.
qvemoT ganvixilavT am ori mimarTulebis ZiriTad koncefciebsa da
praqtikul saqmianobas. pirveli mimdinareobis ZiriTadi koncefciis
Tanaxmad (zaporoJeci 1971 : 16-23, zaporoJeci 1971 : 1-6, zaporoJeci 1974 :
250-261).
fiziologiuri da fsiqologiuri Taviseburebebis azrovnebis
stiliTa da qceviT 5-6 wlis bavSvebi skolamdel asaks unda mivakuTvnoT.
maTi SesaZleblobebis realizaciisTvis optimaluri pirobebi iqmneba
maSin, roca swavlebas aqvs ara saskolo, aramed skolamdeli xasiaTi.
mocemuli koncefciis mimdevrebi sruliad ar gamoricxavdnen
eqswlianTa swavlebis SesaZleblobas, magram aRniSnavdnen, rom
swavlebas unda hqondes skolisaTvis mosamzadebeli xasiaTi da sabavSvo
baRSi unda mimdinareobdes. eqvswlianebis adgili mxolod sabavSvo
baRSia, magram a. zaporoJeci ar uaryofda im faqtsac, rom 5-6 wlis
bavSvebs fsiqofiziologiuri SesaZleblobebi ufro metia, vidre amas
adre varaudobdnen.
mocemuli debulebis Sesamowmeblad 1971-1972 wlebSi sabavSvo baRis
mosamzadebel jufebSi Catarda eqvswlianTa swavlebis SesaZleblobebis
fsiqologiur-pedagogiuri kvleva. bavSvebs maTematikas da wera-kiTxvas
aswavlidnen. masalis moculoba pirveli klasis programis naxevars
Seadgenda. kviraSi xuTi gakveTili tardeboda: ori maTematikaSi, xolo
sami _ kiTxvasa da weraSi. TiToeuli gakveTili 30 wT-s grZeldeboda.
gamoyenebuli iqna im dros arsebuli uaxlesi meTodebi. gamdidrebuli
da gazrdili iqna saanbano periodi, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba
9
fonetikuri smenis ganviTarebas mieqca. eqsperimentis dros gamoyenebuli
iqna sxvadasxva TamaSobebi, romelTa konteqstSi bavSvebs saswavlo
masala ufro iolad unda SeeTvisebinaT, tradiciuli skolis
gakveTilebTan SedarebiT. sabolood, yvela eqvswlianma dasZlia
programuli masala. isini daeuflen asamde Tvlas, gamoklebas da
mimatebas asis farglebSi, elementaruli amocanebis amoxsnas. bavSvebma
Seiswavles sityvis bgeriTi analizi, xmovnebisa da Tanxmovnebis
gansxvaveba, wera.
eqsperimentuli jgufis Sedegebi bevrad ukeTesi iyo, vidre im
sakontrolo jgufebisa, romlebic momzadebas Cveulebrivi skolamdeli
azRrdis programiT gadiodnen.
daskvna Semdegnairad iyo Camoyalibebuli: `Catarebuli eqsperimentis
mixedviT SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom fiziologiuri da higienuri
TvalsazrisiT eqvswlianebis swavleba mizanSewonilia sabavSvo baRSi
mimdinareobdes~. amasTanave, saWiroa 5 wlis asakis bavSvebis
fsiqologiur-pedagogiuri SesaZleblobebis Seswavla. winaswarma
monacemebma, romlebic miRebuli iqna bavSvebis saskolo swavlebisaTvis
momzadebis laboratoriaSi gviCvenes, rom xuTlianebsac warmatebiT
SeuZlia maTematikisa da wera-kiTxvis elementebis swavla (zaporoJeci
1977 : 30-33).
meore mimdinareobas xelmZRvanelobda ssrk pedagogiur mecnierebaTa
akademiis swavlebis Sinaarsisa da meTodebis samecniero-kvleviTi
institutis dawyebiTi swavlebis kvlevis seqtori, romelmac q. puSinoSi
eqvswlianTa eqsperimentuli swavleba daiwyo. 1971 wels q. puSinos erT-
erT skolaSi 120 eqsvwlianisgan 4 eqsperimentuli pirveli klasi
dakompleqtda. (sainteresoa is faqti, rom es bavSvebi sabavSvo baRis
aRsazrdelebi iyvnen). amav dros Cveulebriv pirvel klasSi Cairicxa 118
Svidwliani bavSvi. bavSvebis mocemuli raodenoba karg SesaZleblobas
iZleoda zusti da obieqturi SedarebisaTvis.
swavlebis pirvelsave dRes eqsvswlianebs gamokvleva Cautares
pedagogebma, fsiqologebma da eqimebma. aseT kompleqsur Semowmebebs
bavSvebi gadiodnen mTeli wlis manZilze. eqsperimentis mizani iyo
gaerkviaT, Tu ramdenad misaRebia eqvsi wlis bavSvisTvis Svidwlianebze
10
gaTvaliswinebuli programa. amasTanave, pirvelad iqna ganxorcielebuli
praqtikaSi ucxo enis Seswavla adreuli asakidan (kaSini, piSkalo 1974 :
1-12).
swavla mimdinareobda im dros arsebuli saxelmZRvaneloebis
programiT. gakveTilis xangrZlivoba 35 wuTi iyo. pirvel da meore
gakveTilis Soris Sesveneba 10 wuTi iyo, meore da mesames Soris _ 20
wuTi, mesame da meoTxe gakveTils Soris _1 saaTi da 05 wuTi, romelic
sportul RonisZiebebs eTmoboda. saSinao davalebebs bavSvebi pedagogis
meTvalyureobis qveS asrulebdnen.
1974-1975ww. pirvel klasebSi mesame gakveTilis Semdeg SemoiRes
naxevar saaTiani Sesveneba sadilisTvis da kidev 30 wuTi dasvenebisaTvis.
eqsperimentis msvelobisas 5-6 wlis bavSvebSi Semdegi Taviseburebani
gamoikveTa. rac ufro patara asakisaa bavSvi, miT ufro rTulad
umuSavdeba mas weris Cveva, xolo kiTxvis swavla 5-6 wlis bavSvebSi met
interess iwvevs vidre SvidwlianebSi. didi sirTuleebi vlindeba wera-
kiTxvis sinqronuli swavlebis dros. ixarjeba ra didi dro da energia,
eqvswlianebSi weris dauflebaze klebulobs interesi saerTod weris
swavlebisadmi.
aqve gamovlinda eqvswlianTa didi emocionaluroba da moZraobis
moTxovnileba amitom eqvswlianebis swavlebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia
Semdegi momenti. maT yuradRebis koncentracia mxolod 15-20 wuTiT
SeuZliaT. amitom aucilebelia pauzebis gakeTeba da am dros fizikuri
savarjiSoebis Sesruleba.
miuxedavad zemoT CamoTvlili problemebisa meTodistebis jgufma
daaskvna, rom eqvswlianebisaTvis misaRebia is saskolo reJimi da
inteleqtualuri datvirTva, romelic SvidwlianebisaTvis iyo
gaTvaliswinebuli. eqvwlianebi ar iRlebian, interesiT swavloben,
iolad eguebian saskolo reJims.
saskolo swavlebis adreuli dawyeba dadebiT gavlenas axdens
bavSvebis aRzrdasa da ganviTarebaze. maT aseve daadgines, rom qveyanaSi
imdenad kargad iyo momzadebuli pirobebi eqvswlianTa swavlebisaTvis,
rom SesaZlebeli iyo 4-5 wlis bavSvebis momzadeba skolisaTvis
(piSkalo, stepanova 1974 : 12-27). amis Semdeg Seiqmna fsiqikuri
11
ganviTarebis diagnostikis laboratoria, romelTac daiwyes eqvswlianTa
skolaSi swavlebis SesaZleblobebis kvleva.
kvlevis programa ise iyo Sedgenili, rom mas gamoevlina bavSvebis
fsiqikuri ganviTarebis mdgomareoba maTi skolisTvis mzaobis kuTxiT.
mocemuli laboratoriis principi SemdegSi mdgomareobda. mosamzadebeli
klasebi Tavisi arsiT unda Sesatyviseboda sabavSvo baRis mosamzadebel
klass da ara skolis pirvel klass. eqvswlianTa swavlebis praqtikam
Semdegi tendenciebi gamoavlina (vengeri 1978 : 7-32).
1. skolaSi swavlebam mniSvnelovani progresi im bavSvebis
ganviTarebaSi gamoiwvia, romlebic skolaSi Sesvlamdec kargad iyvnen
ganviTarebulni.
2. bavSvebi ganviTarebis dabali doniT kidev ufro CamorCnen. aqedan
gamomdinare, mocemuli mosamzadebeli jgufis mizani iyo bavSvebis
ganviTarebis SeZlebisdagvarad gaTanabreba. oRond didi yuradReba unda
miqceoda sustebs, raTa isini Zlierebs dasweodnen.
a. vengeris azriT, mosamzadebeli klasis mTavari Tviseba is aris,
rom bavSvs ar sWirdeba winaswari momzadeba. saerTod pirveli klasis
programa sakmaod datvirTulia da ukve winaswar gulisxmobs bavSvis
momzadebas. bavSvis momzadeba ki eqvs wlamde unda daiwyos, rameTu
skolamdeli asaki optimaluri periodia fsiqikuri ganviTarebisTvis,
xolo CamorCena am periodSi ufro mwvaved gamovlindeba bavSvis skolaSi
SesvlasTan erTad. Tanac, a. vengeris Tanaxmad `skola arasdros iwyeba
cariel adgilze~.
zemoT CamoTvlili urTerTsawinaaRmdego mosazrebebis miuxedavad,
sabWoTa kavSirSi saskolo swavlebis dasawyisad 6 weli 1969 wels
SemoiRes.
mainc ram ganapiroba saskolo swavlebis dawyebis asakis Semcireba?
n. gutkinas mosazrebiT (gutkina 1993 : 208) arsebul kvlevebze
dayrdnobiT Teoriulad Zalian kargad iyo SemuSavebuli sabavSvo
baRebis programa, magram misi ganxorcieleba praqtikulad ver
xerxdeboda, radgan ar hyavdaT saTanadod mozadebuli kadrebi.
meore mizezze d. elkonini miuTiTebda (elkonini 1993 : 554). im
periodSi swavleba skolaSi Semdegnairad mimdinareobda. 3 weli bavSvebi
12
swavlobdnen dawyebiT klasebSi _ saSualoSi (sabazo skolaSi _ 5 weli),
xolo maRal klasebSi _ 2 weli. 60-ian wlebSi dadga sakiTxi imis
Sesaxeb, rom saswavlo programa Zalian gadatvirTuli iyo. amitom misi
gamartiveba daiwyes. es gansakuTrebiT saSualo da maRal klasebs Seexo.
dawyebiTi klasebis programis Semcireba praqtikulad SeuZlebeli
aRmoCnda. amitom saWiro gaxda 1 wlis damateba, oRond saskolo
swavlebis 1 wliT adre dawyebis xarjze. swored amitom moxda 6
wlianebis asakobriv Taviseburebebze bavSvis fsiqologiaSi arsebuli
monacemebis ignorireba. gadawyvetilebebis mimRebebma ar gaiTvaliswines
is mniSvnelovani monacemebi, rom 6 wlianebs ufro uWirT weris swavla,
gamoirCevian meti motoruli aqtiurobiT da emocionalurobiT da 7
wlianebze gaTvaliswinebuli programa 6 wlianebze meqanikurad
gadaitanes.
dResac bavSvis skolaSi Sesasvlelad mTavar kriteriums misi asaki
warmoadgens. skolaSi Rebuloben yvela 6 wlian bavSvs da maTac, visac 6
weli 1 ianvramde Seusruldeba. amitom I klasSi erTdroulad swavloben
bavSvebi 5 wlisa da 8 Tvidan 6 wlisa 10 Tvis CaTvliT.
6 wlianTa swavleba evropasa da amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi.
CexeTSi 6 wlianTa swavleba 1918 wels SemoiRes. rogorc i. Svancara
aRniSnavs `ZiriTadi da mniSvnelovani kriteriumi bavSvs skolaSi
misaRebad misi asakia, yvela 6 wlians Rebuloben skolaSi. am kriteriums
xangrZlivi istoria aqvs da damakmayofilebladaa miCneuli (Svancara
1978 : 364). 1961-dan 1973 wlamde skolebSi samjer Seicvala saswavlo gegma.
kvireuli 22 saaTidan 15 mSobliur enas eTmoboda, xolo 4 maTematikas.
Tu pirvel klasSi moswavleTa raodenoba 25 bavSvs aRemateboda
mSobliuri enisa da maTematikis gakevTilze klass orad yofdnen, rac
Zalian aiolebda eqvswlianebTan muSaobas. gakveTilis xangrZlivoba I
klasSi 30 wuTia, saswavlo-saaRmzrdelo muSaoba TamaSis formiT
mimdinareobs. sainteresoa TviTon gakveTilis mimdinareoba. gakveTilis
nawili kiTxvas eTmoba, nawili weras, simRerasa da xatvas. saqmianobis
Semdegnairi cvalebadoba I-II klasebis ZiriTadi samuSao stilia, rac
13
xels uwyobs gakveTilis efeqtur mimdinareobas, aZlierebs interess da
amcirebs daRlilobas.
CexeTis zog skolaSi gakveTilebi simReriT da fizikuri varjiSiT
iwyeba. samuSao dRis amgvari dasawyisi xels uwyobs moswavleebSi
mxiaruli ganwyobis Camoyalibebas. anbanis swavleba aprilSi mTavrdeba
ris Semdeg gadadian kiTxvis dauflebaze. wera-kiTxvis swavlebamde
sityvebis struqturul analizsa da sinTezze muSaoben. kiTxvis
swavlebisas didi dro jer kiTxvis teqnikis daxvewas eTmoba, xolo
Semdeg wakiTxulis gaazrebas. Zalian lamazia eqvswlianebisaTvis
Sedgenili anbani feradi ilustraciebiT. suraTebi emociuri da
dinamiuria. adamianebi garkveuli aqtivobisas arian gamosaxulebi, rac
bavSvebisTvis Zalian saintereso da saxalisoa. maTematikis programiT
mimateba-gamoklebis operaciebi 20-is farglebSia gaTvaliswinebuli.
maTematikuri operaciebi realur sagnebze manipulaciiT iswavleba.
bavSvebi ecnobian wonis, zomis erTeulebs, fulis niSnebs, geometriul
figurebs (SedarebiTi 1971 : 75, piSkalo 1978 : 54-62).
germaniaSi pirvel klasSi Rebuloben im bavSvebs, romelTac 6 weli
1 ivnisamde SeusruldaT. skolebSi saswavlo drois 50% eTmoba
mSobliur enas, 24% maTematikas, 26% _ sxva sagnebs (xatvas,
fizkulturas, xelgarjilobas, baRSi muSaobas). bavSvebi maTematikaSi
swavloben 20-is farglebSi oTxive moqmedebas da iseT cnebebsa da
operaciebs, rogorebicaa `metoba, nakleboba, toloba, utoloba,
mimatebis, gamoklebis, gayofis da gamravlebis operaciebs~. aseve
euflebian geometriul terminebs. moswavleebs saxelmZRvaneloebis garda
aqvT samuSao rveulebi cxrilebiTa da davalebebiT. ase, rom
pirvelklaselebs SeuZliaT gaangariSebani Seasrulon magaliTebis
rveulSi gadaweris gareSe.
ungreTSi kargad aris SemuSavebuli skolamdeli azRrdis
programebi.
ungreTis skolebSi I klasSi mxolod im bavSvebs Rebuloben,
romelTac 6 weli seqtembramde SeusruldebaT (homonai 1973 : 224).
eqvswlianebis datvirTva kviris ganmavlobaSi 20 saaTs Seadgens, aqedan
50% kiTxvis dauflebas eTmoba, 25% maTematikas, 25%-sxva sagnebs.
14
saswavlo cikli 11 dRiania, meTormete dRes _ SabaTs gakveTilebi ar
tardeba da bunebis wiaRSi saaRmzrdelo RonisZiebebs eTmoba.
ungreTSi gansakuTrebiT kargadaa mogvarebuli xuTwlianebis
momzadebisa da diagnostirebis sakiTxebi. skolaSi yvela Semsvleli
kompleqsur Semowmebas gadis. komisiaSi eqimi, pedagogi da fsiqologi
Sedis.
eqvswlianebi, romlebic ar arian mzad skolaSi swavlebisaTvis erTi
weli Tavisufldebian skolidan. gonebrivad da fizikurad CamorCenilebi
gadahyavT specialur skolebsa da samkurnalo dawesebulebebSi.
rumineTis skolebSi eqvswlianebs 1968 wlidan Rebuloben.
gakveTilebis xangrZlivoba 20-25 wuTia. kviraSi bavSvebi 23 saaTi arian
dakavebulebi.
bavSvebis gonebrivi ganviTarebis skolisaTvis mzaobis dadgena
testebiTa da anketiT xdeba.
dagrovili eqsperimentuli masalis analizis Sedegad ruminelma
mecnierebma daaskvnes, rom 6 wlianebi Tavisi fizikuri da gonebrivi
ganviTarebis doniT SeZlebdnen skolaSi swavlas. Tumca xazs usvamdnen
im faqts, rom eqvswlianebs ara aqvT saTanadod momwifebuli
saartikulacio aparati, rac xels uSlis kiTxvis Cvevis dauflebas.
maTi nervuli sistemis agznebis procesebi Sekavebis procesebTan
SedarebiT privalireben. socialuri da emocionaluri ganviTareba
CamorCeba inteleqtualurs (petruSini 1973 : 62-67).
poloneTSi swavlas bavSvebi Svidi wlis asakidan iwyeben, Tumca
arsebobs eqsperimentuli skolebi, sadac swavla 6 wlidan iwyeba.
poloneli mecnierebi didi xania muSaoben saskolo mzaobis
problemebze. maT kvlevas safuZvlad udevs varaudi, rom bavSvebis
garkveuli nawili skolisaTvis ufro adre mwifdeba, vidre es kanoniTaa
dadgenili. isini cdilobdnen saskolo mzaobis kriteriumis gansazRvras,
efeqturi meTodebis SemuSavebas.
poloneli mecnierebi xazs usvamen skolamdelTa did
inteleqtualur SesaZleblobebs da am asakSi pedagogiuri muSaobis
Catarebis aucileblobas.
15
poloneli mecnierebi ikvleven eqvswlianTa saskolo mzaobis
inteleqtualur da socialur aspeqtebs. aseve ikvleven bavSvis
ganviTarebis doneze garemo pirobebis gavlenas. maT daadgines, rom
sabavSvo baRSi aRzrdili bavSvebi socialuri ganviTarebis ufro maRal
safexurze imyofebian, vidre saxlSi aRzrdilebi. gonebrivi ganviTarebis
donis mxriv qalaqis bavSvebi SesamCnevad uswreben soflis bavSvebs.
amis gamo wesrigSi dadga skolamdeli aRzrdis procesis
gaumjobeseba. saerTod poloneli mecnierebi ar Cqaroben eqvswlianTa
masiur CarTvas skolaSi, sanam ar mogvardeba skolamdelTa aRzrdis
sakiTxebi, radgan skolaSi swavlisaTvis moumzadebeli bavSvis miReba mas
bevr seriozul problemas Seuqmnis. Tumca poloneTSi mainc Rebuloben
im eqvswlianebs, romlebic fizikurad da gonebrivad mzad arian
skolisTvis da mSobeli skolas TxovniT mimarTavs. rac Seexeba
safrangeTis skolebs (mialare 1987 : 85-121, gaglari 1983 : 120-133), aq
mniSvnelovani eqvswlianebis mosamzadebeli klasebia. bavSvebi yoveldRe
eqvsi saaTis ganmavlobaSi arian dakavebulebi. TiTo gakveTili 30 wuTi
grZeldeba. gansakuTrebiT didi yuradReba eTmoba kiTxvis dauflebas,
romelic bgeris analizur-sinTezuri meTodiT mimdinareobs. kiTxvas
dReSi oTxi gakveTili da weliwadSi 360 saaTi eTmoba. weras kiTxvis
paralelurad euflebian. saweri davalebebisaTvis dReSi 15 wuTia
gamoyofili. dawyebiTi klasis moswavleebs ar aZleven saSinao
davalebas, radgan iTvleba, rom eqvs saaTiani samuSao dRe bavSvis
SesaZleblobebis maqsimumia, xolo gagrZelebuli samuSao dRe negatiur
gavlenas moaxdens, rogorc bavSvis asakobriv mdgomareobaze, ise mis
nervul sistemaze.
rogorc wera-kiTxvaSi aseve ariTmetikaSi bavSvebi damoukidebel
samuSaos skolaSi maswavleblis meTvalyureobis qveS asruleben.
damoukidebeli muSaobis erTi saaTi saklaso cxrilSi Setanilia,
rogorc yoveldRiuri savaldebulo gakveTili.
inglisis skolebSi swavla xuTi wlis asakidan iwyeba. bavSvebis
skolaSi miReba wlis ganmavlobaSi xuTjer xdeba, yoveli semestris
dasawyisSi, maSinve, roca bavSvs xuTi weli usruldeba. pirvel klasSi
bavSvebi 22 saaTi arian dakavebulebi. gakveTilis xangrZlivoba 75 –90
16
wuTia, magram es dro mxolod gakveTils ar eTmoba. 30 wuTi eTmoba
inglisur enas, 30 bunebismcodneobas, 10 wuTi musikas, 10 wuTi xatvas.
inglisSi saskolo-aRmzrdelobiTi muSaoba bavSvis spontanurad
ganviTarebis Teorias eyrdnoba. saskolo cxovreba da muSaoba ojaxis
cxovrebasTan maqsimaluradaa mimsgavsebuli. wera-kiTxvis, angariSis,
swavlebis ZiriTadi meTodi dialeqtikuri TamaSebia. ar arsebobs
gakveTilis ganrigic.
Taviseburia gakveTilebis organizacia ~patarebis skolaSi~. swavlis
dawyebis pirvel dReebSi bavSvi gakveTilis saaTs TviTon irCevs.
xuTwlianebisaTvis specialuradaa gamoyenebuli qviSa, Tixa, saRebavebi,
samSeneblo masala. pedagogi bavSvs masalis SerCevaSi exmareba da mis
saqmianobas warmarTavs. aqezebs bavSvs masalis daTvalierebisa da axali
sagnebis Seqmnisken.
maswavlebelebi muSaobis aseT stils `aqtiurs~ uwodeben, magram
realurad es swavleba ki ara TviTswavlebis procesia.
inglisis skolebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani Tavisebureba is aris,
rom aq bavSvs saTamaSos ar aZleven, aq bavSvebi TviTon qmnian saTamaSos.
bavSvebi weras kiTxvasTan erTad swavloben. nabeWd asoebs jer
dafaze, xolo Semdeg rveulSi weren, maTematikis gakveTilze 20-is
farglebSi angariSoben, euflebian fulis, wonis, da sigrZis erTeulebs.
swavloben maT praqtikul gamoyenebas. swavlebis ZiriTadi meTodi
TamaSia. magaliTad, fulis erTeuls `maRaziobanas~ TamaSiT euflebian,
risTvisac specialuri mowyobilebebi aqvT.
bunebismetyvelebis gakveTilze bavSvebi akvirdebian bunebas,
swavloben mcenareebis movlas. skolaSi aucilebeli mxolod dilis
mecadineobebia, romlis drosac moswavleebi maswavleblebs ugdeben
yurs. dRis meore naxevari ki fizkulturas, TamaSs da sufTa haerze
mecadineobas eTmoba.
kiTxvis swavlebas moswavleebSi mxolod wera-kiTxvis interesis
gaRvivebis Semdeg iwyeben.
kiTxvis dauflebis ZiriTadi meTodi mTliani sityvebis wakiTxvaa.
kiTxvaSi mecadineobebi TamaSis saxiT, individualurad mimdinareobs.
17
kiTxvis swavleba inglisis skolebSi Semdegnairad mimdinareobs:
bavSvs aZleven qaRaldebs, romlis erT mxares leqsia dabeWdili, more
mxares ki kiTxvebi da pasuxebi im sityvebis gamoyenebiT, romlebic
bavSvebma ukve Seimecnes.
kiTxvis meTodika Semdegia: bavSvebi jer suraTebs aTvaliereben da
leqss zepirad swavloben, xolo rodesac teqsts zepirad daimaxsovreben,
maT teqstidan suraTebs aZleven. am varjiSis daxmarebiT bavSvebi
TandaTan swavloben sityvebis weras.
inglisuri skolis muSaobis Seswavlis safuZvelze a. voskresenskaia
misaRebad Tvlida saTamaSo masalis gamoyenebiT bavSvebis damoukidebel
muSaobas.
amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi ganaTlebis sistemis decentraliza-
ciis Sedegad ar arsebobs erTiani saswavlo gegmebi da programebi.
dawyebiT klasebSi eqvswlianebs aswavlian mSobliur enas, maTematikas,
bunebismetyvelebas, sazogadoebaTmcodneobas.
bavSvebi kviraSi 30 saaTi arian datvirTulebi. drois 30%
metyvelebis gakveTilebs eTmoba, kiTxvis daufleba neli tempiT
mimdinareobs (malkova 1971 : 135-165). maTematikis swavleba j. bruneris
spiraliseburi programiT swarmoebs, romlis Tanaxmadac bavSvebs
mecnierebis ZiriTad ideebs aswavlian, ramdenadac es maTTvis rTuli ar
unda iyos. Semdeg safexurze xdeba yovelive amis ganmeoreba.
bunebismetyvelebis programa aseve spiraliseburia. erTi da igive Temebi
klasidan klasSi garTulebuli saxiT meordeba. skolaSi fizkulturis
gakveTilebi mimarTulia kompleqsebis daZlevisa da bavSvis fsiqikuri
janmrTelobis SenarCunebisken.
bavSvebs aseve aswavlian xelgarjilobas, musikas, simReras, cekvas,
xatvas da yvelaferi es sxva sagnebTan SerwymiT da ara cal-calke
mimdinareobs.
iaponiis skolebSi eqvswlianebs ZiriTadad wera-kiTxvas aswavlian.
maTematikis programa ruseTis skolebSi arsebuli programis
analogiuria. iaponiaSi muSavdeba sakiTxi saskolo swavlebis dasawyisad
oTxi wlis SemosaRebad, oRond mxolod mas Semdeg, rac eqsperimentuli
kvlevis Sedegebi gamoqveyndeba (kotii 1983 : 101-103).
18
rogorc Cans, msoflios umravles qveynebSi skolaSi swavlebis
sawyis asakad 5-6 welia aRiarebuli.
saerTod, skolaSi swavlebis dasawyisi sruliad cvlis bavSvis
cxovrebas. igi ganviTarebis axal safexurze gadadis, sadac TamaSis
adgils swavla ikavebs. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom igi iwyebs seriozul
saqmian cxovrebas da laRi udardeli cxovreba saqmiani, wesebiani,
valdebulebebiT aRsavse dReebiT icvleba.
dRes mTavari da gadamwyveti kriteriumi Cvens qveyanaSi saSualo
skolaSi Sesasvlelad aseTia _ skolaSi swavlas yvela eqvswliani
iwyebs. es asaki empiruladaa dadgenili da sakmaod xangrZlivi istoria
aqvs.
marTlac, eqvswlian bavSvTa garkveuli raodenoba axerxebs
Seasrulos is moTxovnebi, romlebic elementarul saswavlo
masalasTanaa dakavSirebuli da aseve damakmayofileblad laxaven
siZneleebs, romlebic axal socialur situaciasTanaa dakavSirebuli.
amave dros eqvswlian bavSvTa garkveuli raodenoba ar pasuxobs im
moTxovnebs, rac skolisaTvis mzaobas gulisxmobs. maTTvis skolaSi
Sesvla aris gauTavebeli warumateblobebis da fsiqikuri tramvebis
dasawyisi. warmoqmnil siZneleebs aqvs, rogorc saswavlo, saaRmzrdelo,
ise xSirad samedicino Sedegic ki (kuCma 2006 : 13).
rogorc cnobilia, gakveTili mkacrad gansazRvruli wesrigiT
xasiaTdeba. igi moswavlisagan moiTxovs Seakavos sxeulis sxvadasxva
funqcionalur struqturaSi warmoqmnili aqtivobis moTxovnilebis
impulsebi. es impulsebi 5-6 wlis asakSi didi raodenobiT da
intensivobiT iCenen Tavs da Tavisufal, SeuzRudav ralizacias yvelaze
metad TamaSis formiT gaSlil aqtivobaSi naxuloben (CxartiSvili 1975
: 3-27).
es aqtivobebi gakveTilze bavSvebis iseT moqmedebebs aRZraven,
romlebic reJims arRvevs da swavlebas xels uSlis. amitom
maswavlebeli moswavleebs aiZulebs Tavi Seikavon sxva saqmianobebisagan
da yuradReba gakveTilisken mimarTon. roca Zlieri Sekaveba xSirad da
xangrZlivad warmoebs maSin Tu nervuli sistemis Semkavebeli funqciebi
saTanadod araa momwifebuli, es SeiZleba bavSvisTvis saziano aRmoCndes.
19
aseTi ram xSirad uqadis safrTxes im bavSvebs, romlebic susti nervuli
sistemis tipebs miekuTvnebian. pavlovis skolis gamokvlevebis Sedegad
cnobilia, rom susti nervuli sistema, roca mas Zlier Sekavebas
vaiZulebT, SeiZleba nervoziT daavaddes.
saerTod swavla Tavidanve gulisxmobs swavlas am sityvis sruli
mniSvnelobiT. bavSvebs sakmaod did jgufebSi uxdebaT mizandasaxuli
marTvadi muSaoba.
amitom pirvelklaseli ukve dauflebuli unda iyos skolis mowafis
mTel rig niSnebs. igi momwifebuli unda iyos rogorc gonebrivi,
emociuri, ise socialuri TvalsazrisiT.
am mizniT saqarTveloSi, ruseTsa da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi
ukve 30-40 welia muSavdeba sakiTxi pirvelklaselTa saskolo mzaobis
Sesaxeb.
dagrovili masalebis didi raodenobis miuxedavad erTiani da
mkafiod gamokveTili azri skolisaTvis mzaobis Sesaxeb ar arsebobs.
qarTveli fsiqologebi miiCneven, rom skolisaTvis momwifebas 3
aspeqti aqvs:
1) motoruli aparatis momwifeba;
2) inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobebis momwifeba;
3) socialur-pirovnuli momwifeba.
bavSvi saskolo swavlebis dawyebisaTvis maSinaa mzad, roca misi
fizikuri, inteleqtualuri da socialur-pirovnuli momwifebis done
iseTia, rom mas SeuZlia umtkivneulod miiRos da aitanos is fizikuri,
inteleqtualuri da socialur-pirovnuli datvirTva, romelsac bavSvs
saskolo cxovreba uyenebs.
saskolo swavlebisaTvis inteleqtualuri momwifeba niSnavs, rom
bavSvis inteleqtualuri operaciebi imdenadaa momwifebuli, rom mas
maswavleblis daxmarebiT SeuZlia pirvelklaselis programiT
gaTvaliswinebuli masalis gageba, aTviseba da damxsovreba.
upirveles yovlisa aucilebelia bavSvi axerxebdes saswavlo masalis
aRqmas, warmosaxvaSi mocemuli TvalsaCino movlenebis obieqtivacias,
elementarul analizs, sinTezs, ganyenebasa da ganzogadebas. analizis da
sinTezis elementaluri donis gareSe bavSvi wera-kiTxvasac ki ver
20
daeufleba. saswavlo procesSi adamianis fsiqikuri procesebia CarTuli.
S. CxartiSvili yvelaze mniSvnelovan rols azrovnebas aniWebs, radgan
namdvili swavla gulisxmobs gagebas, rac mxolod azrovnebis funciaa.
S. CxartiSvili ganixilavs fsiqikuri funqciebis mdgomareobas.
skolamdel asakSi bavSvis aRqma difuzur, daunawevrebel, mTlian
gancdas warmoadgens. masSi subieqturi momentebi ufro sWarbobs vidre
obieqturi.
4 wlis asakidan bavSvis aRqmis struqtura arsebiTi xasiaTis cvlilebas
ganicdis: igi Tavisufldeba subieqturi momentebisagan da Sinaganad
ufro da ufro danawevrebuli xdeba. saganTa Soris gansxvavebas da
msgavsebas obieqturi niSnebi gansazRvraven da ara STabeWdileba. niSanTa
ricxvi, romlis SemCnevasac bavSvebi saganSi iwyeben sagrZnoblad
izrdeba. Tumca es ar niSnavs, rom saskolo cxovrebis dawyebisas bavSvis
aRqmas sabolood dasrulebuli saxe aqvs. man ganviTarebis kidev sakmaod
grZeli gza unda gaiaros, rom aRqmis srulyofili saxe miiRos, magram
miRweulia is, rac skolaSi swavlisaTvis aucilebelia. aq bavSvi
axerxebs mTlianad calkeuli niSnis gamoyofas da masze yuradRebis
SeCerebas. yovelive es bavSvs aZlevs SesaZleblobas maswavlebelis
daxmarebiT gaecnos sagnisa da movlenebis elementarul Tvisebebs da
SesZlos wera-kiTxvis swavla, rac SeuZlebelia bgeraTa grafikuli
gamosaxulebis _ asoebis erTimeorisagan ganmasxvavebeli niSnebis aRqmisa
da gacnobierebis gareSe.
aRqmis Sinaarsis diferenciacia mexsierebis muSaobazedac axdens
gavlenas da ufro danawevrebuli Sinaarsis warmodgenaTa SesaZleblobas
iZleva. rogorc sxvadasxva mkvlevarTa specialuri gamokvlevebi
mowmoben, saskolo asakis dasawyisisTvis bavSvs mexsiereba ramodenime
iseT Taviseburebas iZens, romelic swavlis aucilebel pirobas Seadgens.
TvalsaCinodaa gazrdili mexsierebis moculoba da simtkice,
damaxsovrebuli STabeWdilebebis droSi xangrZlivad Senaxvis unari.
skolamdeli asakis bavSvis mexsierebisagan gansxvavebiT 6-7 wlis bavSvi
axerxebs azrianad daimaxsovros masala da marTos mexsiereba. masala
ganzraxvis Sesatyvisad daixsomos, daiswavlos da moigonos, gaixsenos,
21
warmoidginos. saskolo swavla mxolod aseT mexsierebas SeiZleba
daefuZnos.
rogorc e. keJeraZis gamokvlevebma gviCvena, saskolo asakis mijnaze
bavSvis mexsierebis muSaobaSi kidev erTi axali da sayuradRebo movlena
iCens Tavs. bavSvebi wina asakTan SedarebiT dasamaxsovrebeli
masalisadmi gansxvavebul damokidebulebas amJRavneben: dasamaxsovrebel
masalasTan sityviT gaSualebul urTierTobas amyareben. warmoTqvamen im
movlenebis da sagnebis saxelebs, romelTa damaxsovrebac surT da am
gziT axdenen maT obieqtivacias. sityvebis moxmarebiT mexsierebis
muSaoba adis ufro maRal _ obieqtivaciis doneze.
rogorc d. uznaZis, r. naTaZis, r, nadiraSvilis gamokvlevebma gviCvena,
saskolo asakis mijnaze bavSvis azrovnebaSi iseT cvlilebebi xdeba,
romlebic SesaZleblad xdian saskolo swavlebas.
marTalia, pirvelklasels azrovneba jer kidev konkretul _
TvalsaCino xasiaTs atarebs da ganzogadebas saganTa da movlenaTa
xatovani, zedapiruli dakvirvebisTvis uSualod mocemuli niSnebiT
axdens. igi axdens saganTa mTliani xatebis analizs da iqidan saerTo
niSnebis gamotanasa da ganzogadebas, rac ufrosis daxmarebis
SemTxvevaSi sakmaod mravalferovani sagnebisgan Semdgar jgufze
vrceldeba.
ufros skolamdel asakSi cnebiTi azrovnebisaTvis saWiro ZiriTadi
fizikuri SesaZleblobani _ obieqtivaciis, analizis, abstraqciisa da
sinTezis unari imdenad aris momwifebuli, rom TvalsaCinod mocemuli
movlenebis mimarT maT gamoyenebas ase Tu ise axerxebs. magram
skolamdeli asakis garemo ar Seicavs am azrovnebiTi operaciebis
Semdgomi intensiuri ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro pirobebs. d. uznaZis
azriT cnebiT azrovnebaze gadasvla skolis asakis periodSi xdeba.
rac Seexeba fizikur mzaobas bavSvma rom skolaSi siaruli da yvela
saswavlo davalebis Sesruleba SesZlos, aucilebelia organizmi
fizikurad garkveul doneze ganviTarebuli hqondes da ise iyos
dauflebuli motorul aparats, rom misi mizandasaxuli gamoyeneba
SeZlos. didi mniSvneloba aqvs bavSvis Zval-xrtilovani da kunTuri
sistemis momwifebis dones.
22
anatomiur-fiziologiuri momwifebidan yuradsaRebia Semdegi
momentebi. msxvili kunTebis ganviTareba win uswrebs wvrili kunTebis
ganviTarebas, amitom bavSvebi ukeT asruleben SedarebiT farTe
amplitudian moZraobebs, vidre im moZraobebs romlebic did sizustes
Txouloben. 7 wlis asakis bavSvebis umravlesobas kargad SeuZlia
sirbili, xtunva.
rac Seexeba wvril motorikas, misi ganviTareba mxolod 6-7 wlis
asakidan xdeba. bavSvebis garkveul nawils ukve SeuZlia plasteliniTa
da fanqriT muSaoba, Tumca zogierT 7 wlis janmrTel bavSvsac ar
SeuZlia rombis daxatva an asoebis gamoyvana. 6-8 wlis asakSi Sua tvini
ganicdis zrdis naxtoms. 8 wlisaTvis bavSvis tvini mozrdili adamianis
tvinis 90%-s Seadgens. am dros mwifdeba bavSvis Sublis wilic, romelic
pasuxismgebelia azrovnebaze da cnobierebaze. Sublis wilis farTobi
izrdeba nervuli boWkoebis ganStoebis Sedegad da mwifdeba rogorc
struqturuli, ise funqcionaluri TvalsazrisiT. swored am dros
gadadis bavSvis azrovneba konkretuli operaciebis stadiaze.
6-7 wlisaTvis izrdeba nervuli procesebis labiloba. skolamdel
asakTan SedarebiT ufro metad SeiniSneba agznebis da Sekavebis
procesebis Tanasworoba. Tumca aRznebis procesebi upiratesia (rac
ganapirobebs umcrosi saskolo asakis bavSvebis iseT saxasiaTo
Taviseburebebs, rogoricaa mousvenroba, momatebuli emociuri
agznebadoba).
am asakSi organoebSi da qsovilebSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi xdeba,
romlebic wina periodTan SedarebiT sagrZnoblad zrdian bavSvis
fizikur gamZleobas.
es yvlaferi xelsayrel anatomiur-fiziologir winapirobas qmnis
saswavlo saqmianobis ganxorcilebisaTvis, Tumca mxolod fizikuri da
inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobani saskolo swavlebas ver uzrunvelyofs.
imisaTvis, rom bavSvma Tavisi fsiqo-fizikuri SesaZleblobebi
warmarTos, saWiroa igi TviTon, rogorc pirovneba, saTanadod iyos
momzadebuli. man unda SesZlos skolis wesebisadmi daqvemdebareba da
skolidan momdinare amocanebis Tavis Tavze miReba da ganxorcieleba. p.
heceris azriT, pirvel saswavlo wels momwifebis dasabuTebisaTvis
23
socialur-pirovnuli momwifebis aspeqts ufro meti mniSvneloba aqvs,
vidre funqcionalurs.
bavSvis skolisaTvis momwifebis am sam aspeqts Soris arsebobs
garkveuli mimarTeba da roca es mimarTeba daculia, maSin bavSvi
harmoniuladaa ganviTarebuli. samwuxarod es harmonia yovelTvis araa
daculi, romelime mxare xandaxan CamorCeba an win uswrebs sxvebs.
S. CxartiSvilis mosazrebiT, xSir SemTxvevaSi skolamdeli asakis
bavSvis socialur-pirovnuli ganviTarebis saSualo tempi CamorCeba maTi
inteleqtualuri ganviTarebis saSualo temps. 6 wlis bavSvebis
umravlesobas umZims is socialur-pirovnuli tvirTi, romelsac maT
Cvens skolebSi swavlebis pirveli weli akisrebT.
d. uznaZe 5-7 wlis asaks miiCnevs periodad, roca mniSvnelovani
cvlilebebi xdeba rogorc fizikur, pirovnul, ise inteleqtualur
sferoSi.
SevCerdebiT mocemuli periodis 4 ZiriTad axalwarmonaqmnze. esenia
obieqtivaciis unaris ganviTarebis dawyeba, logikuri azrovnebisa da
mexsierebis sagrZnobi gaumjobeseba, TanatolebTan urTierTobis
moTxovnileba.
obieqtivacia es aris adamianis unari, dakvirvebis obieqtad aqcios
rogorc sakuTari qmedeba, ise garemo. d. uznaZe mocemul unars
gansakuTrebiT did mniSvnelobas aniWebda, radgan es ukanskneli
umaRlesi fsiqikuri funqciis (azrovnebis, metyvelebis, nebelobis)
ganviTarebas ganapirobebs.
5-7 weli mocemuli funqciis ganviTarebis sawyisi periodia, xolo 7
wlis asakSi bavSvi ukve avlens mocemul unars.
rac Seexeba logikur azrovnebas _ azrovnebis mocemuli tipis
ZiriTad problemas cnebis genezisi warmoadgens.
cnebebis formiT azrovneba Semdeg momentebs gulisxmobs:
warmosaxuli obieqtebis Tvisebebis diferenciacia, maTi abstraqcia,
abstragirebuli niSnebisaTvis sityviTi mniSvnelobis miniWeba,
ganzogadeba da axali Sinaarsebis mimarT maTi gamoyeneba. oRond
namdvili cnebis Sesaxeb mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba laparaki, roca
mocemuli operaciebi cnobierad mimdinareobs da subieqts mis Sesaxeb
24
angariSis mocema SeuZlia. 5-7 wlis bavSvs SeuZlia obieqtis dajgufeba
ori an meti calkeuli niSnis mixedviT. Tumca, Tavdapirvelad ufrosis
daxmarebas saWiroebs.
amrigad, azrovnebis ganviTarebis sferoSi mocemuli periodis
monapovari aris cnebis Seqmnis ZiriTadi periodis: abstraqciis gziT
analizisa da gacnobierebuli sinTezis unaris funqciaTa momwifeba.
mocemul asakSi mniSvnelovania mexsierebis ganviTarebac. pasiuri
reproduqciis gverdiT aqtiuri mogonebis da damaxsovrebis unaric
TvalsaCino momwifebas ganicdis bavSvs SeuZlia miznad daisaxos
garkveuli masalis xangrZlivad damaxsovreba, anu mas SuZlia sakuTari
mexsierebis muSaobis marTva.
mocemul asakSi bavSvs uCndeba TanatolebTan urTierTobis
moTxovnileba, uviTardeba `rTuli TanamSromlobis unari~. volbergis
mosazrebiT rTuli TanamSromloba aris is, roca bavSvs SeuZlia
gaiTvaliswinos koleqtivis saerTo amocana da ganaxorcielos saWiro
qmedebebi.
d. uznaZis azriT (uznaZe 2005 : 453-484), skolaSi swavla gulisxmobs
bavSvis inteleqtualur ZalTa aqtivacias da codnis miRebis survils.
vinaidan swavla qcevis iseTi formaa, romlis ganxorcielebis dros
sagani garedan da iZulebiTaa miwodebuli. skolaSi swavla Semdeg
princips efuZneba. roca bavSvs skolaSi rames aswavlian, vTqvaT
ariTmetikas, im moments ki ar ucdian, rodesac yvela moswavles
ariTmetikuli azrovnebis funqcionaluri tendencia moumwifdeba, aramed
mTel klass erTi da igive dros awodeben ariTmetikul masalas da amiT
bavSvebs ariTmetikuli azrovnebis funqciebis amoqmedebisaken ubiZgeben.
miwodebuli masalis Tanmimdevrobas bavSvis funqcionaluri tendencia ki
ar gansazRvravs, aramed saswavlo sagnis programa, anu sagani bavSvs
yovelTvis garedan miewodeba.
amitom, skolaSi SesvlisTvis bavSvis funqciebi imdenad unda iyos
momwifebuli, rom sakuTari Zalebis mobilizeba ara impulsurad, aramed
aqtiurad SeZlos.
anu bavSvma skolaSi swavlisas unda moaxdinos rogorc motoruli,
ise inteleqtualuri funqciebis mobilizeba.
25
maSasadame, d. uznaZe skolaSi swavlis safuZvlad impulsebis
moTokvis unarsa da moqmedebis nebismieri regulaciis SesaZleblobas
moiazrebs.
sazRvargareTeli fsiqologebi skolisaTvis momwifebis cnebas
ganixilaven rogorc ganviTarebaSi iseTi donis miRwevas, roca bavSvs
unari uCndeba monawileoba miiRos saskolo swavlebaSi.
i. Svancara saubrobs:
1) gonebriv;
2) emociur;
3) socialur mzaobaze;
S. dancingeri saubrobs
1) somatur;
2) funqciur;
3) pirovnul mzaobaze.
germaneli mkvlevari vitclaki Tvlis (vitclaki 1986 : 27-35), rom
srulfasovani swavlebisaTvis pirvel klasSi aucilebelia gonebrivi
ganviTarebis garkveuli done, koncentraciis unari, gamZleoba,
interesisa da miRwevis garkveuli donis qona, socialuri aspeqti.
sxva sazRvargareTeli mecnierebis kvlevebSic (anastazi 1982 : 20-101,
anastazi 1982 : 60-68), saskolo mzaobis qveS 3 aspeqti igulisxmeba:
1) inteleqtualuri;
2) emocionaluri;
3) socialuri.
inteleqtualur mzaobaze Semdegi parametrebiT msjeloben:
1) aRqmis diferenciacia (perceptuli mzaoba);
2) yuradRebis koncentracia;
3) analitikuri azrovneba; movlenebs Soris kavSiris povnis unari;
4) logikuri damaxsovreba;
5) sensomotoruli koordinacia;
6) nimuSiT xelmZRvanelobis unari;
7) natifi motorika,
anu inteleqtualuri mzaoba Tavis tvinis struqturebis momwifebas
moiazrebs.
26
emociur mzaobaze metyvelebs:
1) impulsuri reaqciebis Semcireba;
2) uintereso saqmis xangrZlivad keTebis unari.
socialur mzaobaze metyvlebs:
1) bavSvis TanatolebTan urTierTobis moTxovnileba da unari,
dauqvemdebaros sakuTari qceva bavSvebis jgufis kanonebs;
2) moswavlis rolis Sesrulebis unari.
mocemul parametrebze dayrdnobiT iqmneba saskolo mzaobis testebi.
rusi mkvlevarebi xazs usvamen, rom skolisaTvis mzaoba es aris
bavSvis fsiqikis ganviTarebis is saWiro da sakmarisi done, romelic
aucilebelia, raTa is daeuflos saskolo programas TanatolTa jgufSi
mimdinare swavlebis procesSi.
rusi avtorebi gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWeben pirovnul,
motivaciur da socialur sferos. `socialuri momwifeba da ara
teqnikuri codna (kiTxva, Tvla) warmoadgens skolisaTvis mzaobas~
(boJoviCi 2000 : 366).
d. elkonini saskolo mzaobis cnebaSi pirvel rigSi moiazrebda
saswavlo saqmianobis dauflebis fsiqologiur winapirobebs (elkonini
1981 : 6-62). mniSvnelovan winapirobas is miakuTvnebda:
1. bavSvis unars cnobierad dauqvemdebaros sakuTari qmedeba wesebs;
2. unars muSaobisas daemorCilos wesebs;
3. ufrosis mosmenisa da misi instruqciebis gaTvaliswinebis unars;
4. nimuSiT xelmZRvanelobis unars.
n. salmina (salmina 2002 : 126) saskolo mzaobis ZiriTad maxasiaTeblad
miiCnevs:
1. nebelobas;
2. semiotikuri funqciis ganviTarebis dones;
3. urTierTobebis sferosTan dakavSirebul pirovnul Taviseburebebs
(TanamSromlobis unari, emocionaluri sferos ganviTareba).
e. kravcovas SromebSi (kravcovi, kravcova 1987 : 77, kravcova 1991 : 150)
mniSvnelovani roli urTierTobis sferos eniWeba. igi gamoyofs sam
sferos _ ufrosebTan, TanatolebTan, sakuTar TavTan damokidebulebas.
27
aRniSnul SromebSi naCvenebia, rom bavSvebi TanamSromlobis kargi
unariT maRali inteleqtiTac gamoirCevian.
n. niJegorodceva (niJegorodceva 2002 : 256) saskolo mzaobas iseT
struqturad miiCnevs, romelic swavlisaTvis mniSvnelovani
Tvisebebebisagan Sedgeba, magram `swavlisaTvis mniSvnelovani yvela
Tviseba~ erTnair gavlenas ar axdens saskolo swavlebaze. n.
niJegorodceva gamoyofs `swavlisaTvis mniSvnelovan bazisur da
swavlisaTvis mniSvnelovan Tvisebas~. I klasSi faqtiurad bazisuri da
wamyvani Tvsiebebi erTmaneTs emTxveva. maT miekuTvneba:
1) swavlis motivebi;
2) mxedvelobiTi analizi (xatovani azrovneba);
3) saswavlo amocanis miRebis unari;
4) sawyisi Cvevebi;
5) grafikuli unari;
6) moqmedebis nebismieri regulacia;
7) swavlebadoba.
bazisuri da wamyvani Tvisebebi 2 parametriT gansxvavdebian. `bazisur
mniSvnelovan Tvisebebs emateba ganzogadebis unari, xolo `wamyvan
Tvisebebs~ verbaluri, meqanikuri mexsiereba.
swavlisaTvis mniSvnelovani Tvisebebis struqturas saswavlo wlis
dasawyisSi `sastarto mzaoba~ ewodeba. swavlis procesSi `sastarto
mzaoba~ gardaiqmneba `meorad mzaobad~, romlebzec damokidebulia
bavSvis Semdgomi warmatebebi.
yvela gamokvlevaSi, midgomis miuxedavad iTvleba, rom saskolo
swavleba efeqturi mxolod im SemTxvevaSi iqneba, Tu saswavlo wlis
dasawyisSi pirvelklasels ukve aqvs is aucilebeli da sakmarisi
Tvisebebi, romlebic Semdgom wlebSi viTardeba.
mocemuli Teoriebidan gamomdinareobs, rom saskolo mzaobis
safuZveli aris ganviTarebis is bazisi, romlis gareSe bavSvs skolaSi
warmatebiT swavla ar Seulia.
am SemTxvevaSi swavleba mihyveba ganviTarebas, vinaidan mocemuli
Teoriebis mixedviT ar SeiZleba daiwyo skolaSi swavla ganviTarebis
garkveuli donis arsebobis gareSe. amasTanave, l. boJoviCis da d.
28
elkoninis SromebSi naCvenebia, rom swavleba ganviTarebis stimulacias
axdens. amiT mtkicdeba l. vigotskis mosazreba, rom swavleba win
uswrebs ganviTarebas, Tan `erTi nabiji swavlebaSi SesaZlebelia
udrides 100 nabijs ganviTarebaSi~.
aq garkevul winaaRmdegobas vawydebiT: Tu swavleba ganviTarebis
stimulacias iwvevs, ratom ar SeiZleba swavlis dawyeba skolaSi
ganviTarebis garkveuli donis gareSe.
l. vigotski `wera-kiTxvis dauflebis kvlevis magaliTze~ gviCvenebs,
rom weris swavlebas abstraqciis sakmaod maRali done sWirdeba, xolo
bavSvebs swavlis dawyebamde abstraqciis es done ar gaaCniaT. is Cndeba
weris swavlebis dros (vigotski 1982 : 362-465). l. vigotski aRniSnavs, rom
bavSvs, romelic weris swavlas iwyebs, jer ara aqvs motivebi, romlebic
mas weris swavlas moandomebs. arada motivacia mniSvnvelovani
safuZvelia nebismieri saqmianobis dauflebisaTvis.
kidev erTi sirTule _ wera xom did nebisyofas moiTxovs. weriTi
metyvelebisas bavSvma unda gaiazros sityvis bgeriTi Semadgenloba da
Semdeg gadaitanos weriT niSnebSi, magram nebeloba da gacnobierebis
unari skolaSi swavlis dawyebisas Canasaxis mdgomareobaSia da mxolod
umcros saskolo asakSi viTardeba.
aRniSnuli kvlevebis ganxilvisas l. vigotski Semdeg daskvnamde
mivida: `skolaSi swavlis dawyebisas weriTi metyvelebis dauflebisaTvis
yvela saWiro funqcias jer ar dauwyia ganviTarebis namdvili procesi.
swavleba eyrdnoba moumwifebel fsiqikur procesebs, romlebic es-es
aris ganviTarebas iwyeben~.
es faqti sxva mecnierebmac daadastures. ariTmetikis, gramatikis
swavleba im dros iwyeba, roca saWiro funqciebi jer momwifebuli ar
aris. piriqiT, swavlebis dasawyisSi funqciebis umwifaroba _ saskolo
swavlebis ZiriTadi kanonia.
l. vigotski iyenebs cnebas `uaxlesi ganviTarebis zona~, romelic
ganisazRvreba, rogorc manZili bavSvis aqtualuri ganviTarebis donesa
da im SesaZlo dones Soris, romlis miRweva bavSvs ufrosis daxmarebiT
SeuZlia (vigotski 1982 : 362-465). daxmarebaSi igulisxmeba rogorc
pirdapiri Cveneba imisa Tu rogor sruldeba davaleba da mimaxvedrebeli
29
kiTxvebis dasma. l. vigotski wers, rom bavSvs SeuZlia mibaZos mxolod
imas, rac misi inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobebis zonaSia mocemuli. ar
unda CavTvaloT, rom mimbaZvelobis unari bavSvis inteleqtualuri
miRweva ar aris. `uaxlesi ganviTarebis zona~ bevrad informatulia
bavSvis gonebrivi ganviTarebis donis Sesaxeb, vidre misi `aqtualuri
ganviTarebis zona~.
amitom l. vigotski Tvlida, rom `ar aris sakmarisi icode bavSvis
aqtualuri ganviTarebis done, saWiroa icode momwifebis procesSi myofi
funqciebic. bavSvs unda aswavlo is, rac xvdeba uaxloesi ganviTarebis
zonaSi. bavSvs mxolod amis aRqma SeuZlia, mxolod es gamoiwvevs misi
fsiqikis ganviTarebas~.
miuxedavad imisa, rom l. vigotski sulac ar Tvlida aucileblad
skolaSi swavlebis dasawyebad ukve momwifebuli funqciebis arsebobas.
statiaSi `swavlebisa da gonebrivi ganviTarebis problema saskolo
asakSi~ werda: `swavleba unda iyos SeTanxmebuli bavSvis ganviTarebis
donesTan _ es empiriulad dadgenili da mravaljer gadamowmebuli
faqtia. wera-kiTxva bavSvs yovelTvis garkveuli asakidan unda aswavlo,
mxolod garkveuli asakidan aris bavSvi mzad algebris saswavlebad~
(vigotski 1991 : 300-448).
swored es sityvebi gvaZlevs SesaZleblobas gavigoT is winaaRmdegoba,
romelic arsebobs eqsperimentul kvlevebsa (romlebic amtkiceben, rom
swavleba iwvevs ganviTarebas) da saskolo fsiqologiuri mzaobis
Teoriebs Soris.
saqme imaSia, rom swavleba, romelic eyrdnoba `uaxloesi ganviTarebis
zonas~, mainc gulisxmobs aqtualuri ganviTarebis garkveul dones.
saskolo programebi ZiriTadad isea gaTvlili, rom eyrdnoba ufrosi
skolamdeli asakis bavSvis `aqtualuri ganviTarebis saSualo dones~.
aqedan cxadia, rom programebi ar eyrdnoba im fsiqikur funqciebs,
romlebic umcrosi saskolo asakis axalwarmonaqmnia. mocemuli
moumwifebeli funqciebi ar aris is yvelaze dabali zRvari, romelsac
eyrdnoba saskolo programebi. amitom miumwifebeli fuqnciebi xels ar
uSlis swavlebis process.
30
l. boJoviCis da d. elkoninis Sromebi swored `aqtualuri
ganviTarebis dones~ eTmoba, romlis gareSe yovlad SeuZlebelia
skolaSi warmatebuli swavla. aq TiTqos isev vawydebiT winaaRmdegobas,
magram mocemuli winaaRmdegoba ixsneba, Tu gavixsenebT, rom aq saubaria
ara, `swavlebisadmi mzaobaze~ (roca ufrosi individualurad
amecadinebs bavSvs) aramed `saskolo swavlebaze~, roca klasSi 20-30
bavSvi erTi programiT swavlobs. Tu zogierTi bavSvis `aqtualuri
ganviTarebis done~ ufro dabalia, vidre es programiTaa
gaTvaliswinebuli, maSin swavleba ar xvdeba am bavSvebis `uaxloesi
ganviTarebis zonaSi~ da isini CamorCenli moswavleebi xdebian.
saskolo fsiqologiuri mzaobis motivaciis ganmsazRvreli
roli
moswavlis Sinagani pozicia da swavlis motivebi
l. boJoviCi Tavis SromebSi (boJoviCi 1972 : 23-3, boJoviCi 1968 : 132)
mniSvnelovan rols bavSvis pirovnebis formirebaSi motivaciur sferos
akuTvnebs. mocemuli poziciiT ganixileba skolisaTvis mzaobis sakiTxic.
boJoviCi gamohyofda swavlis motivebis 2 jgufs. pirvel jgufs
miekuTvneba:
1) saswavlo saqmianobasTan uSualod dakavSirebuli motivebi:
esenia bavSvis SemecnebiTi interesebi, inteleqtualuri
aqtivobis moTxovnileba.
2) meore jgufs warmoadgens swavlis farTo socialuri motivebi,
anu motivebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia `bavSvis sxva
adamianebTan urTierTobis, maTgan Seqebis da aRiarebis miRebis
moTxovnilebasTan. aseve bavSvis survili, daikavos garkveuli
adgili socialuri urTierTobis sferoSi.
bavSvs skolaSi swavla imitom unda, rom daikavos sazogadoebaSi
garkveuli pozocia da daikmayofilos is SemecnebiTi interesebi,
romelsac veRar ikmayofilebs saxlis pirobebSi. mocemuli
moTxovnilebebi `qmnis moswavlis Sinagan pozicias~. am axalwarmonaqmns
31
l. boJoviCi gansakuTrebulad did mniSvnelobas miawerda, radgan
Tvlida, rom moswavlis Sinagani pozicia SeiZleba CaiTvalos saskolo
mzaobis umaRles kriteriumad, Tumca saWiroa imis aRniSvna, rom
moswavlis Sinagani pozicia, swavlis socialuri motivebis wminda
istoriuli movlenaa. Cvens qveyanaSi aRzrdisa da ganaTlebis sistema
Semdeg safexurebs moicavs:
1) baga da sabavSvo baRebi (aq dadian skolamdeli asakis bavSvebi);
2) skola _ (skolaSi SesvlasTan erTad bavSvi dgams pirvel nabijs
didebis samyaroSi. aq mzaddeba bavSvi damoukidebeli cxovrebisaTvis);
3) umaRlesi skola an samsaxuri.
skola gamaerTianebeli rgolia bavSvobasa da mozrdilobas Soris.
Tu sabavSvo baRSi siaruli savaldebulo ar aris, skolaSi siaruli
savaldebuloa. swored amitom, bavSvebisaTvis skolaSi swavlis dawyeba
Zalian mniSvnelovania. isini codnis miRebis garda axal socialur
statuss Rebuloben.
rogorc wesi, swavlis motivebSi Semavali motivebidan SesaZloa
romelime dominirebdes. ganvixiloT ama Tu im motivis dominirebis
sxvadasxva SemTxveva.
swavlis socialuri motivis dominireba _ rogorc ukve avRniSneT
swavlis socialur motivebSi Sedis motivebi, dakavSirebuli bavSvis
moTxovnilebasTan, daikavos axali socialuri pozicia da mis
survilTan, daamyaros ufrosTan urTierToba axali doneze.
e. smirnovas (smirnova 1985 : 28-34) gamokvlevebi exeboda skolaSi
swavlebisaTvis bavSvis komunikaciur mzaobas. man imis saintereso axsna
SemogvTavaza, Tu ratom uCndeba bavSvs skolamdeli asakis dasasruls
ufrosebTan axal doneze urTierTobis survili.
skolisaTvis komunikaciuri mzaoba ganixileba rogorc ufrosTan
urTierTobis sferos ganviTarebis Sedegi.
m. lisinas naSromSi gamoyofilia bavSvis ufrosTan urTierTobis 4
forma (lisina 1949 : 89-125). esenia:
1) situaciur-pirovnuli;
2) situaciur-saqmiani;
3) arasituaciur-SemecnebiTi;
32
4) arasituaciur-pirovnuli.
urTierTobis pirvel formas _ situaciur-pirovnuls axasiaTebs
uSualo emocionaluri urTierToba ufrosebTan da tipiuria
axalSobilis sicocxlis pirveli naxevari wlisaTvis.
situaciur-saqmian urTierTobebs axasiaTebs ufrosebTan TamaSis
dros sagnebTan manipulaciis daswavla. ufrosi aq TamaSis Tanamonwile
gamodis. es urTierTobebi damaxasiaTebelia 4 wlamde asakis
bavSvebisTvis.
arasituaciur-SemecnebiT formas axasiaTebs ufrosisadmi bavSvis
SemecnebiTi tipis SekiTxvebi. am SemTxvevaSi bavSvebisaTvis ufrosi xdeba
axali codnis, informaciis wyaro. (damaxasiaTebelia 4-5 wlis
asakisaTvis).
bavSvis zrdasTan erTad ufros skolamdelebs ufro xiblavs iseTi
movlenebi, romelic adamianebis, da ara sagnebis samyaroSi xdeba.
adamianuri urTierTobebi, qcevis normebi sul ufro mniSvnelovania
bavSvisaTvis. aq Cndeba urTierTobis arasituaciur _ pirovnuli forma
`ufrosi bavSvisaTvis kvlav rCeba axali informaciebis miRebis wyarod,
bavSvisaTvis kvlav Zalian mniSvnelovania misgan aRiarebisa da
pativiscemis miReba. am periodSi bavSvisaTvis Zalian mniSvnelovani
xdeba, rom movlenebisadmi misi damokidebuleba daemTxves ufrosis
mosazrebebs. urTierTgagebis survili urTierTobis mocemuli
formisTvis mTavar Taviseburebas warmoadgens~. ufrosTan sakuTari
mosazrebis Tanxvedra xdeba bavSvis sisworis kriteriumi. urTierTobis
mocemuli formis dros bavSvi amyarebs sxvadasxva saxis urTierTobas
adamianebTan, imisda mixedviT Tu ra rols asruleben isini
sazogadoebaSi: bavSvebi axdenen eqimis, maswavlebelis, rolebis
diferencirebas.
Tu bavSvTan dominirebs swavlis socialuri motivebi, bavSvi
skolisaken miiswrafvis, raTa daikavos misTvis axali _ moswavlis
pozicia. Semecnebis moTxovnileba jer kidev sustia, amitom bavSvs
skolaSi moswons ara swavlis, mecadineobis procesi, aramed moswavlis
rolis Sesruleba, xolo Tu ramdenad warmatebulad asrulebs igi am
rols, amis Sesaxeb informacias mas pedagogi awvdis.
33
bavSvi mTlianad damokidebulia maswavleblis Sefasebaze, swored
xSiri Seqeba iwvevs misi saswavlo saqmianobis motivaciis zrdas.
motivaciuri sferos amgvari struqturis mqone bavSvebi, Tavis
movaleobebs manamde asruleben, sanam maTTvis moswavlis socialuri
pozicia mimzidvelia, magram rogorc ki maTTvis es roli Cveulebrivi
gaxdeba, misTvis moqmedi motivi aRar iqneba maswavleblisagan Seqebis
miReba. amas garda mozardobis asakSi bavSvisaTvis ufrosebis azris
mniSvneloba mkveTrad klebulobs da igi Tavis qcevaSi ZiriTadad
Tanatolebis Sexedulebebze orientirdeba (smirnova 1985 : 28-34). Tu
moswavles am droisaTvis ar Camouyalibda uSualod saswavlo
saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli swavlis motivi, an momavali specialobis
miRebasTan dakavSirebuli swavlebis axali socialuri motivebi, maSin
moswavle warumatebeli gaxdeba. swavlebis socialuri motivebis
Tavdapirvelma dominirebam SeiZelba moswavleSi gamoiwvios mizanze
orientirebuli SemecnebiTi motivaciis formireba. moswavle swavlas
kargad imitom iwyebs rom mas maswavleblisgan Seqebis miReba surs. man
icis, rom codna mas sWirdeba, magram es motivi misTvis jer realurad
qmediTi ki ara, aramed codniTia, radgan mas jer sakmarisi SemecnebiTi
moTxovnileba ar gaaCnia. realurad moqmed motivacias maswavleblisgan
Seqebis damsaxureba warmoadgens. davalebebis kargi niSnis miRebis
mizniT xangrZlivma, keTilsindisierma Sesrulebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios
moswavlis sasawavlo masalis SinaarsiT daintereseba da SemecnebiTi
moTxovnilebis gaCena. amgvarad, mxolod codnadi motivi xdeba
realurad moqmedi, rac iwvevs axali moTxovnilebis gaCenas.
SemecnebiTi motivacis dominireba _ aseT bavSvebs rogorc
cnobismoyvareebs, ise axasiaTeben. maT undaT, rom bevri ram icodnen da
xSirad skolaSi ukve wera-kiTxvis codniT midian. magram Tu ise moxda,
rom gakveTilebi maTTvis uintereso aRmoCnda, maSin maTi interesi sxva
obieqtebze gadaerTveba aseTi bavSvebi klasSi axal masalas ismenen,
magram saxlSi aRar imeoreben. masalis gameoreba iolad yirWdebaT. Tu
aseT bavSvs swavlis socialuri motivi ganuviTarebeli aqvs, maSin mas ar
aqvs survili kargad Seasrulos moswavlis roli, rogorc amas misi
axali socialuri pozicia moiTxovs. xolo Tu bavSvs amasTan erTad
34
miRwevis motivaciac sustad aqvs ganviTarebuli, maSin igi kargad
ganviTarebuli SemecnebiTi unaris miuxedavad, SeiZleba CamorCes
akademiuri moswrebiT. saerTod, pirvel klasSi Zalian bevri davaleba
weriTia, rac bavSvebSi naklebad iwvevs interess. amave dros, werisaTvis
didi Zalisxmevaa saWiro. amitom bavSvebi, romlebSic dominirebs
SemecnebiTi motivebi da naklebad aqvT gamoxatuli swavlebis
socialuri motivebi, SesaZloa ufro naklebad aRmoCndes mzad saskolo
cxovrebisaTvis. (saubaria swavlebis im formasa da reJimze, rac dRes
aris Cvens skolebSi). aseT bavSvebTan pedagogebs muSaoba ufro umZimT,
isini swavlas eZalebian rogorc inteleqtualuri siamovnebis wyaros da
ara rogorc socialurad mniSvnelovan saqmianobas, romelic kargad
unda Seasrulo sakuTari emocionaluri mdgomareobis miuxedavad. aseTi
moswavleebi ar iReben da xSirad ar asruleben maswavleblis mier
micemul davalebebs.
roca saubaria calke aRebuli motivis dominirebaze, ar unda
daviviwyoT, rom Cven amgvarad vqmniT garkveul abstraqtul models,
romelic SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs ukeT gavigoT motivaciis sferoSi ama
Tu im motivis dominireba. magram bunebaSi absoluturi dominireba ar
gvxvdeba. srulyofili saswavlo motivacia unda Seicavdes rogorc
SemecnebiT motivebs, ise swavlis socialur motivs da miRwevis motivebs.
magram TiToeuli bavSvis indvidualoba vlindeba saswavlo saqmianobis
rogorc motivis dominirebaSi. amgvarad, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom
saskolo fsiqologiuri mzaobis Sesaxeb l. boJoviCis SromebSi bavSvis
aqtualuri fsiqikuri ganviTarebis sazomad, romelic aucilebelia
saskolo swavlebis dasawyebad, aucilebel pirobad miCneulia
axalwarmonaqmni _ `moswavlis Sinagani pozicia~. es fsiqologiuri
axalwarmonaqmni aRmocendeba skolamdeli asakis bolos da umcrosi
saskolo asakis mijnaze. es aris bavSvis garemosTan axali
damokidebuleba, romelic miiReba SemecnebiTi moTxovnilebis da
ufrosebTan urTierTobis moTxovnilebis SerwymiT. swored am ori
moTxovnilebis Serwyma aZlevs bavSvs SesaZleblobas CaerTos saswavlo
procesSi rogorc moqmedebis subieqti, rac SesaZlebelobas aZlevs
35
Segnebulad Camoiyalibos da Seasrulos ganzraxva, miaRwios mizans, anu
ganaxorcielos moswavlis nebismieri moqmedeba.
moqmedeba, rogorc saskolo mzaobis komponenti da
motivacia
avtorebi, romlebic ikvlevdnen skolisaTvis fsiqologiur mzaobas,
nebismier moqmedebas aniWebdnen did mniSvnelobas. magram Tu ra donis
nebismieri moqmedeba aris saWiro skolaSi swavlis dasawyebad, es
sakiTxi literaturaSi naklebad aris damuSavebuli. sirTule imaSi
mdgomareobs, rom nebismieri moqmedeba iTvleba umcrosi saskolo asakis
axalwarmonaqmnad, romelic saswavlo procesSi viTardeba, arada sustad
ganviTarebuli nebismieri moqmedeba xels uSlis skolaSi swavlas.
l. boJoviCi Tvlida (boJoviCi 1968 : 132), rom `skolaSi swavlebis
winapiroba aris bavSvis 7 wlisaTvis gaCenili unari, daimorCilos qcevis
da moqmedebis motivebi~. d. elkonini da misi TanamSromlebi warmatebuli
saskolo swavlebis winapirobad miiCnevdnen `bavSvis unarebs, romlebic
aRmocendeba moqmedebis nebismierad regulaciis Sedegad~. es unarebia:
_ wesebisadmi cnobierad damorCilebis unari;
_ mocemul moTxovnaTa sistemaze orientaciis unari;
_ unari, mousminos mosaubres da zustad Seasrulos misi davalebebi;
_ unari, damoukideblad Seasrulos davaleba TvalsaCinod
miwodebuli nimuSis mixedviT;
faqtiurad, mocemuli unarebi asaxaven nebismieri moqmedebis
aqtualuri ganviTarebis dones. mocemuli donis nebismieri moqmedeba
aRmocendeba mxolod garkveul pirobebSi, kerZod Sesabamisi saswavlo
Tu saTamaSo motivaciis SemTxvevaSi. d. elkoninis mosazrebis mixedviT,
`nebismieri moqmedeba yalibdeba jgufur koleqtiur rolur TamaSSi,
romelsac bavSvebi gadahyavs ganviTarebis ufro maRal safexurze, vidre
eulad TamaSs, radgan koleqtivi axdens qcevis koreqcias~.
damoukideblad kontrolis ganxorcieleba bavSvebisaTvis Zalian
rTulia. `kontrolis funqcia Zalian sustia, werda d. elkonini, mas
sWirdeba daxmareba situaciis an TamaSis monawileebis mxridan. amaSi
36
mdgomareobs axlad gaCenili funqciis sisuste ganviTarebis mocemul
etapze, magram TamaSis funqcia swored mis formirebaSi mdgomareobs,
swored amitom aris TamaSi nebismieri moqmedebis skola~ (elkonini 1978 :
304).
moswavlis Sinagani pozicia iqmneba SemecnebiTi moTxovnilebebisa da
ufrosebTan axal doneze urTierTobis survilidan, romelic xorcs
asxams saswavlo motivacias.
saswavlo motivacia moswavles aZlevs SesaZleblobas, Camoayalibos
da Seasrulos ganzraxva, rac safuZvlad udevs nebismieri moqmedebis
meqanizms. e.i. `nebismier moqmedebaze~, rogorc saskolo mzaobis
Semadgenel komponentze calke ki ar unda vilaparakoT, aramed
nebismieri moqmedeba dakavSirebulia motivaciasTan. mocemuli Tezisi
mtkicdeba esqperimentuli gamokvlevebiT.
z. manuilenkom 1948 wels gamoaqveyna naSromi (manuilenko 1948 : 89-
125), romelSic nebismieri moqmedebis eqsperimentul modelad
Seiswavleboda bavSvis mier garkveuli droiT garkveuli pozis
SenarCunebis unari. mowmdeboda, ramden xans SeuZlia bavSvs ar imoZraos
da ar Seicvalos poza.
eqsperimentis msvlelobisas gairkva, rom 3-4 wlis bavSvs ar SeuZlia
akontrolos sakuTari qmedeba. miRebuli Sedegebi mTlianad emTxveoda a.
luries monacems (luria 1946 : 89-101), rom Sublis wili, romelic pasuxs
agebs adamianis mizanmimarTul qcevaze, sabolood 5 wlisaTvis
formirdeba. 4-5 wlis bavSvebi ukve ukeT akontroleben Tavs, magram
kontrolis ganxorcieleba mxolod mxedvelobiTi aRqmiT aris
SesaZlebeli. magaliTad maSin, roca bavSvi xedavs, rom man Secvala
xelis mdebareoba. rac Seexeba proprioceptul aRqmas, misi kontroli
jer kidev ar aris Camoyalibebuli. mocemuli kontrolis forma mxolod
5-6 wlisTvis Cndeba. `kunTuri SegrZneba~ mxolod 5-6 wlisaTvis Cndeba,
magram am asakis bavSvebisaTvis rTulia pozis SenarCuneba. saWiroa
avRniSnoT, rom 5-6 wlis bavSvebi iwyeben garkveuli xerxis gamoyenebas,
rom ar gadaerTon sxva saqmianobaze. isini an Zirs iyurebian, an
eqsperimentators uyureben. mxolod 7 wlisaTvis SeuZliaT bavSvebs
pozis SenarCuneba. es monacemebi srulad emTxveva n. krasnogorskis
37
monacemebs, romelic aRniSnavda, rom mxolod 7 wlidan xorcieldeba
Tavis tvinis qerqis mier Semakavebeli kontroli instiqtebsa da
emocionalur reaqciebze (krasnogorski 1954 : 414-423).
amgvarad, SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom 6-7 wlis bavSvs SeuZlia
cnobierad moaxdinos sakuTari qmedebis regulacia da es monacemebi
mtkicdeba neirofiziologiuri da neirofsiqologiuri eqsperimentebiT.
maS ratom xdeba, rom nebismieri moqmedebis susti ganviTareba TiTqmis
pirvel adgilzea pirvelklaselTa swavlebis problemaTa Soris?
mocemul SekiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad mivmarToT motivaciis
problemebs. imisaTvis, rom cnobierad movaxdinoT qcevis regulacia,
adamians unda hqondes amis survili, an esmodes, Tu risTvis sWirdeba es.
zemoT ukve gvqonda saubari imis Sesaxeb, rom moswavle maSin asrulebs
maswavleblis moTxovnebs, Tu mas amoZravebs swavlis SemecnebiTi an
socialuri motivebi. Tu saswavlo motivi ar aris formirebuli, maSin
moswavles ar SeuZlia saswavlo procesis dros akontrolos sakuTari
qmedeba.
z. manuilenkos kvlevebSi (manuilenko 1948 : 89-125) naCvenebi iqna, rom
bavSvs pozis SenarCuneba gauiolda maSin, roca mas garkveuli roli
unda Seesrulebina. mocemuli gaumjobeseba ar aRiniSneboda 3-4 wlis
bavSvebTan. maT ver moaxerxes verc rolis morgeba da verc TamaSis
wesebis dacva. maSasadame, nebismieri qceva gaumjobesda motivaciis
SecvlasTan erTad, maSin, roca bavSvs TviTon mounda imis Sesruleba,
rasac misgan iTxovdnen. aRniSnuli umcros skolamdelebze ar
vrceldeba. maT jer kidev ar SeuZliaT TamaSis wesebis dacva. mocemul
kvlevebze dayrdnobiT SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom sustad ganviTarebuli
nebismieri moqmedeba gamowveulia an swavlis motivis uqonlobiT, an
fsiqikuri ganviTarebis SeferxebiT, rac TavisTavad iwvevs motivis
arqonas. fsiqikuri ganviTarebis Seferxeba SesaZlebelia dakavSirebuli
iyos tvinis struqturis nel momwifebasTan, romelic pasuxs agebs
mizanmimarTul qmedebaze.
es ukanaskneli damajerebladaa naCvenebi n. l. belopolskaias
SromebSi (belopolskaia 1974 : 15-22, belopolskaia 1976 : 26), romlebic
eZRvneboda motivaciuri sferos kvlevas fsiqikuri ganviTarebis
38
Seferxebis mqone bavSvebSi. mis moqmedebaSi TamaSis Tu swavlis
motivebis dominirebis modelad gamoyenebuli iqna fsiqikuri gajerebis
SemTxvevaSi ama Tu im motivis Seyvana. moqmedebis cvlilebis obieqtur
maCveneblad aRebuli iyo im davalebis Sesrulebis xarisxi da
xangrZlivoba, romelic sakvlevi motivis eqsperimentSi Seyvanamde
bavSvebSi fsiqikur gajerebas iwvevda. eqsperimenti sam etapad tardeboda.
pirvel etapze eZleodaT a. karstenis fsiqikuri gajerebis meTodika
(karsteni 2001 : 251) saeqsperimento davalebaSi bavSvebs unda SeevsoT
wertilebiT furcelze daxatuli rgolebi, roca Cndeboda fsiqikuri
gajerebis niSnebi, iwyebdnen eqsperimentis meore nawils, romelSic
SehyavdaT saswavlo motivi. kerZod bavSvs eubnebodnen, rom Sesrulebuli
samuSaos xarisxi da raodenoba Sefasdeboda saskolo niSniT
(afrTxilebdnen, rom 5-ianis misaRebad unda SeesrulebinaT minimum
samuSaos erTi gverdi). eqsperimentis mesame etapze SehyavdaT TamaSis
motivi. bavSvebs Tavazobdnen wesebiT TamaSs, anu ori monawile unda
Sejibreboda erTmaneTs. gamarjvebulad iTvleboda is monawile,
romelic pirveli Seavsebda erT gverds. eqsperimentis dasasruls
keTdeboda daskvna, Tu romeli motivi iyo ufro Zlieri mocemuli
bavSvisaTvis _ `saswavlo Tu saTamaSo~.
n. belopolskaias (belopolskaia 1974 : 15-22, belopolskaia 1976 : 26)
kvlevebSi naCvenebi iqna, rom 7-8 wlis fsiqikuri ganviTarebis Seferxebis
mqone bavSvebSi TamaSis motivebi swavlis motivs sjobnis. bunebrivia
igive suraTi gveqneboda 6-7 wlis bavSvebTanac, magram ar unda vifiqroT,
rom Tu 6 wlis bavSvTan dominirebs TamaSis motivi, is fsiqikuri
ganviTarebis Seferxebis maCvenebelia. radgan bevri avtoris mier bavSvis
fsiqikuri ganviTarebis periodizaciis Tanaxmad 6 weli ufros
skolamdel asaks miekuTvneba, sadac TamaSi aris wamyvani moqmedeba.
eqvswlianTa swavleba, miuxedavad uamravi arsebuli kvlevebisa, mainc
7 wlis bavSvebis programiT mimdinareobs. iSviaTi gamonaklisis garda,
eqvsi wlis bavSvebisagan viTxovT nebismier moqmedebas, romelic swavlis
motiviTaa ganpirobebuli, magram saqme imaSia, rom umravles SemTxvevaSi
eqvswlianebs ara aqvT formirebuli saswavlo motivacia da maTTan
TamaSis motivebi dominireben. swored amitom, fsiqologebis umravlesoba
39
Tvlis, rom 6 wlianebs unda vaswavloT TamaSSi _ romelic bavSvs
miscems SesaZleblobas ganaxorcielos nebismieri moqmedeba. Tu swavleba
ar eyrdnoba asakisTvis damaxasiTebel motivacias, maSin moswavle ver
axorcielebs nebismier moqmedebas. aqedan SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom
pirvelklaselebs sustad aqvT ganviTarebuli nebismieri moqmedeba,
romelic aucilebelia skolaSi swavlebisaTvis.
nebismieri moqmedeba aris motivaciis funqcia, amitom skolaSi
swavlebis upirvelesi amocana bavSvis arsebuli motivaciis formireba an
gamoyenebaa. amitom pirvelklaselebi mzad ar arian skolaSi
swavlisaTvis im tradiciuli formiT, romelic dRes arsebobs skolebSi,
radgan swavlas, romelic ar aris ganmtkicebuli motivaciiT, ar axlavs
nebismieri moqmedeba. aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom nebismieri moqmedebis
ganviTarebis gasaRebi bavSvis motivaciur sferoSi unda veZeboT.
nebismieri moqmedeba _ motivaciis funqcia.
impulsuri da nebismieri moqmedeba.
fsiqologiaSi arsebobs nebismieri moqmedebis ramodenime ganmarteba.
Zalian sainteresoa gansazRvra, romelic mocemulia v. ivannikovis wignSi
`nebelobiTi regulaciis fsiqologiuri meqanizmebi~ (ivannikovi 1991 |:
223).
v. ivannikovis mier SemoTavazebul ganmartebaSi Tavmoyrilia mocemuli
fenomenis yvela ZiriTadi daxasiaTeba. `nebismieri moqmedebis procesi es
aris gacnobierebis procesi, SeZenili axali cxovrebiseuli
mniSvnelobiT da mimarTuli subieqtis mier arCeuli Sedegis
miRwevisaken. procesi, romlis dawyeba, damTavreba, Seferxeba an
cvlileba ganisazRvreba cxovrebiseuli aucileblobiT da ara
iZulebiT~.
nebismieri moqmedebis aucilebel pirobas motivacia warmoadgens.
cxovelebsa da patara bavSvebSi es uSualo motivaciaa, romelic
uSualod motivebSi vlindeba. l. boJoviCi (boJoviCi 1976 : 55-69) Tvlida,
rom `motivacia es aris yvelaferi is, rac adamians ubiZgebs
40
moqmedebisaken. esenia: moTxovnileba, interesebi, gancdebi, survilebi,
afeqti da a.S.~
pirveli nebismieri moZraobebi da Semdeg moqmedebebi impulsuria
(boJoviCi 1972 : 23-30), romlebic uSualod moqmed impulsebs pasuxobs,
magram maSin gaugebaria, impulsuri moqmedeba ratom upirispirdeba
nebismier moqmedebas da nebelobiT qmedebas, xolo impulsuroba _
nebismierobasa da nebelobas.
Tu impulsurobas rogorc naturalur process ise ganvixilavT, xolo
nebismier moqmedebas da nebelobas rogorc procesebs, romlebic Cndebian
mas Semdeg, rac adamiani iwyebs sakuTari motivaciis marTvas, maSin erTis
mxriv impulsurobasa da meores mxriv nebismiersa da nebelobas Soris
ufskruli qreba. impulsuroba, rogorc qcevis afeqturi forma,
warmoadgens nebelobis sawyiss process, Tu nebelobas, rogorc umaRles
fsiqikur funqcias, ise gavigebT, anu, romelic naturaluri procesis
gasaSualebis Semdeg warmoiqmneba.
l. vigotskis `mozardis pedologiaSi~ (vigotski 1982 : 6-243)
mohyavs kreCmeris gamonaTqvami imis Sesaxeb rom `primitiuli fsiqikis
dros nebeloba da afeqti `igivuria~, ris Semdeg Semoaqvs termini
`mizanmimarTuli nebeloba~, romelic ukve axlos aris nebelobis,
rogorc umaRlesi fsiqikuri funqciis gagebasTan. `mizanmimarTuli
nebeloba, maRldeba afeqtur sferoze, flobs sakuTar qmedebas, SeuZlia
daisaxos mizani da miaRwios mas, magram miznis dasaxvisa da qcevis
marTvisTvis saWiroa garkveuli winapirobebi, romelTagan mTavari
azrovnebaa. mxolod cnebiTi azrovneba xdis SesaZlebels
mizanmimarTuli nebelobis arsebobas~.
impulsuri qceva aris nebismieri qcevis ganviTarebis safuZveli.
rogorc impulsuri, ise nebismieri qceva imarTeba motivaciiT. impusluri
qmedeba aramdgradi motivaciiT aris ganpirobebuli. pirveli nebismieri
moZraobebi da Semdeg qmedebebi impulsuria da gansazRvrulia uSualod
moqmedi motiviT.
axali STabeWdilebebis moTxovnileba (l. boJoviCis mosazrebiT)
warmoadgens bavSvis fsiqikis ganviTarebis safuZvels da iwvevs
nebismieri moZraobebis ganviTarebas. bavSvTa saxlebSi aRzrdil bavSvebs,
41
romlebsac deprivirebuli aqvT ufrosebTan urTierTobis moTxovnileba,
sustad aqvs ganviTarebuli nebismieri moZraoba da wvrili motorika. es
gamowveulia bavSvis motivaciuri sferos moumwifeblobiT. ganicdis ra
bavSvi dedasTan urTierTobis deficits, romlis dros is Seimecnebs
samyaros, uCndeba axali moTxovnilebebi da interesebi, romelTa
dakmayofileba SeuZlebelia nebismieri moZraobebis gareSe.
motivaciuri sferos ganviTareba nebismieri moqmedebis ganviTarebis
safuZvelia. skolamdel asakSi nebismier moqmedebas aqvs uSualo xasiaTi,
radgan mimarTulia uSualo survilebis dakmayofilebisaken. (survilebi
gagebulia, rogorc moTxovnilebebi, interesebi). yoveli axali survili
maSinve unda iqnas dakmayofilebuli, swored amitom, patara bavSvis
qcevas aqvs situaciuri xasiaTi da SegviZlia davaxasiaToT, rogorc
impulsuri, romelic xorcieldeba sqemiT ~impulsi - reaqcia~. magram am
dros impulsuri qceva ar unda ganvixiloT rogorc uneblie, vinaidan is
calkeuli nebismieri moqmedebebisagan Sedgeba, magram misi specifika
mdgomareobs imaSi, rom nebismieri moqmedeba xdeba im momentSi, roca
Cndeba axali survilis aRmZvreli gamRizianebeli. impulsuri qcevis
mizezi mdgomareobs survilebis dabal intensivobaSi, romlis
dakmayofilebisken aris mimarTuli nebismieri moqmedeba da Tavis tvinis
qerqovani damuxruWebis procesebis sisusteSi. amis gamo ar warmoiqmneba
konkretuli survilis dominanta, romelic, sxva axali survilebis
warmoqmnas SeaCerebs, manam, sanam dominanturi survilebi ar iqneba
dakmayofilebuli. amitomaa impulsuri qceva damaxasiaTebeli
skolamdeli asakisaTvis, manam, sanam Tavis tvinis qerqovani damuxruWebis
procesebi ar aris sakmaod ganviTarebuli. zemoT ukve iyo gamoyenebuli
miTiTeba n. krasnogorskis kvlevebze (krasnogorski 1954 : 414-423),
romlebiTac dasturdeba, rom Semakavebel funqcias Tavis tvinis qerqi
iZens mxolod 7 wlidan.
impulsuroba aucilebelia bavSvisTvis sicocxlis pirveli 6-7 wlis
ganmavlobaSi, radgan motivebis umdgradobis wyalobiT bavSvi advilad
gadaerTveba erTi sagnidan meoreze axali STabeWdilebebis misaRebad da
yovelive es iwvevs mis ganviTarebas. axali STabeWdilebebis
moTxovnileba ganviTarebis mamoZravebeli Zalaa (belopolskaia 1974 : 15-
42
22). rodesac 7 wlis Semdeg bavSvis ganviTareba damokidebulia imaze, Tu
ramdenad kargad SeuZlia bavSvs yurdaRebis koncentracia didi xnis
ganmavlobaSi erT obieqtze (saganze), Cndeba nebismieri moqmedeba.
(bavSvebma unda daisaxon mizani, miiRon ganzraxva). es yovelive exmareba
bavSvs erT motivze yuradRebis koncentrirebaSi. anu, miznis dasaxva da
ganzraxvis miReba – es aris saSualeba, romlis daxmarebiTac adamiani
sjabnis impulsur qmedebebs da aRar gadaerTveba motividan motivze.
amgvarad, nebismieri moqmedeba gaSualebuli impulsuri qmedebaa.
patara bavSvis impulusuroba imiT aixsneba, rom bavSvebs jer kidev ar
aqvT saTanadod Camoyalibebuli motivi, romelic maT qmedebas
gansazRvravs. bavSvis impulsuri qmedebis fsiqologiuri mizezi misi
motivaciuri sferos sust ganivTarebaSi mdgomareobs. rodesac bavSvs
uCndeba motivebi, romliTac SeuZlia nebismieri survilebis damuxruWeba,
maSinve impulsuroba adgils uTmobs nebismier moqmedebas. gamoTqmuli
mosazreba dasturdeba situaciur-rolur TamaSSi bavSvis naklebi
impulsurobiT, maSin roca survili da moTxovnileba Cveulebriv
cxovrebasTan SedarebiT did Zalas iCens. roluri TamaSi warmoiqmneba
daZabuli, Zlieri moTxovnilebebis gamo, romlis dakmayofileba bavSvs
ar SeuZlia Cveulebriv cxovrebaSi da SesaZlebelia roluri TamaSis
dros. amis gamo, ufrosi skolamdelebis rolur TamaSSi impulusri
qceva meore planzea gadasuli, radgan TamaSis moqmedeba mTlianad
mimarTulia konkretuli, Zlieri moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebaze. es
momenti Zalian mniSvnelovania, radgan nebismieri moqmedeba Cndeba maSin,
roca subieqts raRac Zalian unda. warumatebuli moswavlis SemTxvevaSi
_ misi qceva saswavlo situaciaSi nebismieri gaxdeba mxolod maSin,
roca es misi survili gaxdeba da xels Seuwyobs misi arsebuli
moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebas.
saWiroa aRiniSnos, rom nebismieri moqmedebis arqona saswavlo
procesSi sulac ar niSnavs zogadad mocemuli funqciis arqonas. Tu
bavSvs moSivdeba, maSin misi qceva maSinve gaxdeba nebismieri, radgan misi
Zlieri moTxovnileba miscems biZgs nebismier moqmedebas. xolo Tu
moswavles ara aqvs arc SemecnebiTi moTxovnileba da arc swavlis
socialuri motivebi, sustad aqvs ganviTarebuli miRwevis motivacia, anu
43
ar gaaCnia araviTari motivi, romelic xels uwyobs swavlaSi nebismieri
moqmedebis gaCenas, am motivebis gaCenamde ar gaCndeba nebismieri
moqmedeba swavlaSi, vinaidan mas ar sWirdeba swavlaSi dadebiTi
Sedegebis miRweva. gamodis, rom saswavlo motivacia da nebismieri
moqmedeba swavlaSi erTmaneTTan mWidro kavSirSia. sanam bavSvs ar
gauCndeba saswavlo motivacia, an Tundac misi erT-erTi mkveTrad
gamosaxuli komponenti, adgili ar eqneba swavlebaSi nebismier
moqmedebas.
nebelobiTi qceva
bavSvis motivaciur sferoSi axali motivebis gaCena mocemuli sferos
ganviTarebas niSnavs. garda imisa, rom es motivebi arsebiTi xdeba da
SeuZliaT gansazRvron moswavlis qceva saswavlo situaciaSi, maT unda
gadaaWarbon Zlier, uSualod moqmed, situaciur motivebs, romlebic
gaaCniaT am moswavleebs da xels uSlis maT swavlaSi. e.i. unda moxdes
ara marto motivaciuri sferos ganviTareba misi axali motivebiT
gamdidrebis meSveobiT, aramed unda moxdes masSi arsebuli motivebis
ierarqiis Secvla, ris Sedegad dominanturi gaxdeba axali motivebi,
romlebic gansazRvravs bavSvis Semdgom qcevas, vinaidan dominanturi
motivebi gansazRvraven adamianis pirovnebis mimarTulobas.
`pirovnebis mimarTuloba damokidebulia dominanturi motivis
Sinaarssa da wyobaze. s. rubinSteini (rubinSteini 1992 : 722) saubrobda
ra pirovnebis mimarTulobaze, am fenomens akavSirebda mocemul
dominantur moTxovnilebebTan, interesebTan, idealebTan, magram vinaidan
moTxovnilebebic, interesebic da idealebic l. boJoviCis azriT
warmoadgenen adamianis qcevis motivebs. amitom, rogorc Cans, saubari
erTi da igive movlenas exeba. dominanturi SeiZleba is motivebi gaxdes,
romlebic gansakuTrebiT faseulia adamianisaTvis, anu is motivebi,
romlebic dakavSirebulia pirovnebis yvelaze mniSvnelovan
moTxovnilebebTan.
Tu saswavlo motivacia gamomdinareobs bavSvis motivaciuri sferos
dominanturi moTxovnilebebidan da motivebidan, an azrobrivad iqneba
44
maTTan dakavSirebuli, maSin am SemTxvevaSi ukve SesaZlebelia
vilaparakoT nebelobiT qcevaze. es niSnavs, rom subieqts ukve SeuZlia
Seasrulos misTvis nakleb mimzidveli moqmedeba (anu uSualo motivaciis
arsebobis gareSe), Tu mas esmis ramdenad saWiro da mniSvnelovania igi
misTvis. mniSvnelovneba da saWiroeba SeiZleba interpretirebul iqnas,
rogorc azrobrivi kavSiri uSualod naklebmimzidvel moqmedebasa
(mizani) da dominantur motivebs Soris adamianis motivaciur ierarqiaSi.
`rac ufro mdidaria~ adamianis motivaciur-azrobrivi sfero, miT ufro
advilad uerTdeba mas mocemuli moqmedeba, xolo motivebis rac ufro
did ricxvs Seesabameba potenciurad moqmedeba, miT ufro advilad da
siamovnebiT sruldeba igi~ (ivannikovi 1991 : 223). v. ivannikovis
naSromidan Cans, rom saubaria ara adamianis motivaciuri sferos
nebismier motivze, aramed mdgrad dominantur motivze, Tanac azrobrivi
kavSiri maT Soris nebismieria.
zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, n. gutkina (gutkina 1993 : 208) ganixilavs
nebelobiT qcevas, rogorc nebismier moqmedebas, romelic
ganpirobebulia adamianis motivaciur sferoSi gansakuTrebiT
mniSvnelovani mdgradi dominanturi motivebiT. faqtiurad, nebelobiTi
qceva pirovnebis mimarTulobis gamosaxvaa qceviT doneze, anu
nebelobiTi qceva SeiZleba warmovidginoT, rogorc nebismieri moqmedeba,
romelic mimarTulia gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani survilis
dasakmayofileblad. aqve unda avRniSnoT, rom vinaidan survili SeiZleba
Sinaarsis mixedviT gansxvavebuli iyos, amitom nebelobiTi qceva
SeiZleba iyos, rogorc zneobrivi, ise arazneobrivi. imisaTvis, rom
bavSvma ganaxorcielos nebismieri moqmedeba, mas unda hqondes Zlieri
dominanturi motivi, romelsac n. gutkina `pirovnul interess uwodebs~.
mocemuli fsiqologiuri fenomenis dadastureba mravladaa
fiziologebis SromebSi. a. uxtomski aRwers daZabuli moTxovnilebis
fsiqologiur mdgomareobas, rogorc Tavis tvinis qerqSi dominantis
keris, anu agznebis iseTi keris warmoSobas, romelic TiTqosda Tavisken
`gadmoiwevs~ da akumulirebas ukeTebs sxva nervul centrebSi
warmoqmnil nervul agznebas. a. uxtomskis `dominantis principi nervuli
centrebis muSaobaSi~ kargad Tavsebadia i. seCenovis da i. pavlovis
45
ideebTan organizmis moqmedebis mTliani xasiaTis Sesaxeb. am mecnierebma
fiziologiur doneze aCvenes, rom nebismieri amocanis gadaWraSi,
romelic organizmis winaSe dgas, monawileobas Rebulobs mTeli
organizmi, rogorc erTi mTliani. garedan wamosuli yvela zemoqmedeba
am amocanis gadaWras eqvemdebareba. maT mier gamowveuli agzneba
mTlianad mobilizdeba mis Sesrulebaze. Tavis tvinis qerqSi arsebuli
dominanta moqmedebis garkveul veqtors qmnis~.
am koncefciis damuSavebis da dominantis warmoqmnis da daSlis
kanonzmierebebis axsniT a. uxtomskim miuTiTa sxvadasxva fsiqologiur
movlenebis asaxsnelad am principis farTo gamoyenebis SesaZleblobaze
dawyebuli yuradRebis gamoCenidan da damTavrebuli pirovnebis mdgradi
cxovrebiseuli ganwyobiT (vigotski 1982 : 362-465).
amgvarad, TviT fiziologiur donezec ki cnobilia im mosazrebis
dadastureba, rom SesaZlebelia arsebobdes rTuli qceviTi aqti,
romelic Sedgeba mTeli rigi uSualod arasasurveli qmedebebisagan,
romlebic maTi saerTo mizniT SemaerTebeli qmedebis gaSualebiT iZleva
agznebis gamomwvev motivacias. pirovnebis sakmaod Zlierad gamoxatuli
mimarTulobis SemTxvevaSi, romelic ganisazRvreba motivaciur
ierarqiaSi mdgradi dominanturi motivebiT, adamians ZiriTadad
yovelgvari Zalisxmevis gareSe SeuZlia gaakeTos gadawyvetileba im
qmedebis sasargeblod, romelic mis pirovnul interess Seesabameba. `Tu
Cven SemovitanT cnebas `pirovnuli interesi~ maSin SesaZlebelia misi
gamoyeneba nebelobiTi qcevis ganmartebisaTvis, kerZod, nebelobiTi qceva
pirovnuli interesiT ganpirobebuli nebismieri qcevaa~ e.i. nebelobiTi
qcevis specifika es aris pirovnul doneze nebismieri qceva. nebelobiTi
qcevis analogiur ganmartebas iZleva v. ivannikovic `nebelobiTi
regulacia procesebis nebismieri regulaciis nawilia da adamianis
qmedebebs, ufro sworad nebismieri regulaciis erT-erT dones,
pirovnuli daintereseba warmoadgens (ivannikovi 1991 : 223). nebelobiTi
qceva SeiZleba iyos uSualo an gaSualebuli. meore SemTxvevaSi
saboloo miznis miRweva SesaZlebelia mxolod mTeli rigi Sualeduri
miznebis miRwevis Sedegad, romelTagan TiToeuls adamianisaTvis
damoukidebeli mimzidveli Zala ara aqvs, aramed gaSualebulia saboloo
46
mizanTan. ufro zustad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom gaSualeba xdeba axali
azriT, romelsac Sualeduri mizani SeiZens im motivTa azrobrivi
kavSiris damyarebisas, romelic mTel qmedebas ganapirobebs. Tumca
amgvari gaSualebis Semdeg mTeli qmedeba erTiani azriT imsWvaleba.
im SemTxvevaSi, roca ori erTnairi Zalis motivi moqmedebs, saWiro
xdeba azrobrivi aqti, raTa ganisazRvros am motivebis ierarqiebi
pirovnul interesebTan SedarebiT (dominanturi motivi ierarqiul
motivebSi). Tanabrad moqmedi motivebidan is motivi, romelic pirovnul
interesebs Seesabameba, gadasZalavs meores da momavalSi subieqtis
qcevas gansazRvravs.
azrovnebis momenti erT-erTi motivis gaZlierebis mizniT mis
pirovnul interesTan dakavSirebis gziT SeiZleba ganxilul iqnas
rogorc nebelobiTi qceva. Sedegad, gamarjvebuli motivi gaSualebuli
iqneba motivaciur ierarqiaSi dominantur motivTan dakavSirebis xarjze
da SeiZens axal azrs, romelic imis sawindari iqneba, rom qceva
momavalSi ganisazRvreba gamarjvebuli motiviT. erT-erTi motivis
`gadawonvis~ procesi SesaZlebelia mxolod maSin, Tu adamians gaaCnia
Zlieri pirovnuli interesi, romelic erT-erT motivs ZiriTadad aqcevs.
Tu adamians motivaciur sferoSi ar gaaCnia motivebis mkafio ierarqia,
xolo pirovnuli interesi saerTod ar gaaCnia an Zalze sustad aqvs
gamoxatuli, maSin es yvelaferi vlindeba mis unebisyofo qcevaSi.
amgvarad, adamianis Zlieri an susti nebeloba ganisazRvreba misi
motivaciuri sferos ganviTarebiT. kargad ganviTarebuli motivaciuri
sferos SemTxvevaSi, adamians pirovnuli interesis mdgradi
dominanturobiT eqneba Zlieri nebeloba, xolo sustad ganviTarebuli
motivaciuri sferos da pirovneuli interesebis arqonis SemTxvevaSi _
susti nebeloba. rogorc Cans, ufro swori iqneba vilaparakoT ara
nebelobiT qcevaze, aramed nebelobiT aqtze, rodesac Tanabrad moqmedi
motivebidan erT-erTi gaSualebulia pirovnebis motivaciuri ierarqiis
dominanturi motivebiT. amis Semdeg xorcieldeba nebelobiTi qceva
miznis dasaxviT, ganzraxvis formirebiT da a.S.
erT-erTi motivis `gadawonva~ xdeba motivebis brZolis subieqturi
aRqmis da sakuTari Tavis iZulebis gareSe. l. boJoviCis, l. slavinas, t.
47
endovickaias (boJoviCi 1976 : 55-69) SromebSi miTiTebulia aseTi tipis
nebelobiTi aqtis Sesaxeb. avtorebi Tvlian `aseTi SesaZlebelia maSin,
roca adamiani xelmZRvanelobs ontogenetikuri ganviTarebis procesSi
warmoqmnili umaRlesi zneobrivi grZnobebiT, idealebiT, romlebic
mTlianad gansazRvraven mis cxovrebas. am dros nebelobiTi qceva
xorcieldeba Zalisxmevis subieqturi gancdis gareSe. amas garda,
statiaSi aRniSnulia, rom `Tu nebelobiTi qceva xorcieldeba motivebis
konkurenciis Sedegad, rasac Tan axlavs sakuTari Tavis iZuleba, es
damaxasiaTebelia adamianisaTvis, romelsac ar gaaCnia Zlieri nebeloba.
motivebis dapirispireba xdeba maSin, rodesac erTmaneTs ejaxeba
motivi, dakavSirebuli Zlieri situaciuri moTxovnilebis
dakmayofilebasTan da motivi, romelic pirovnul interess ukavSirdeba.
mocemuli konfliqtis gadaWra SesaZlebelia moxdes ganzraxvis
daxmarebiT, romelime motivis sasargeblod. ganzraxvis miReba
xorcieldeba moqmedebis Sinagani gaSlili gegmis Sesabamisad, romelic
SesaZleblobas iZleva inteleqtualurad da emocionalurad
warmovidginoT movlenebis SesaZlo Sedegi, romlis Semdeg adamiani
Rebulobs gadawyvetilebas, imoqmedos naklebad mimzidveli, magram misi
TvalsazrisiT ufro maRali faseulobis motivis sasargeblod.
subieqtis motivaciuri sferos gardaqmnas Tan axlavs nebelobiTi
Zalisxmevis gancda. ganzraxvis miRebis mocemuli meqanizmi dawvrilebiT
Seswavlili da aRwerili aqvs l. boJoviCs da mis TanamSromlebs
(boJoviCi 1976 : 55-69, boJoviCi 1979 : 96).
zemoT moyvanili msjelobis Sejerebis Sedegad SeiZleba davaskvnaT,
rom impulsuri da nebelobiTi qceva nebismieri qcevis ori polusia.
impulsuri qceva uSualoa, aRiZvreba uSualod moqmedi umdgradi,
swrafad cvladi motivebiT. nebelobiTi qceva Zalze gaSualebuli,
mdgradi dominanturi motivebiT ganpirobebuli qcevaa, romelic
pirovnul interess gamosaxavs.
nebismieri da nebelobiTi qceva dakavSirebulia adamianis mier
sakuTari motivaciis da qcevis dauflebsa da marTvasTan, rac
SesaZlebeli xdeba mis mier iseTi fsiqologiuri xerxebis gamoyenebiT,
48
rogorebicaa miznis dasaxva da gadawyvetilebis miReba. amitom, ganzraxva
da mizani ki ar iwveven, aramed organizebas ukeTeben qmedebas.
ganzraxvis maorganizebeli funqcia.
nebelobiTi aqtis meqanizmSi aucilebeli momentia ganzraxvis miReba
adamianis uintereso saqmianobis Sesasruleblad, magram ganzraxvis
funqcia sxvadasxva mkvlevarebTan sxvadasxvagvaradaa gagebuli. s.
rubinSteinis mixedviT, `rodesac miznis ganxorcieleba adamianisgan
moiTxovs met-naklebad rTul qmedebebs, an gadawyvetilebis miReba
garTulebulia da garkveuli mizezis gamo unda gadaidos, ganzraxva
aseT SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovani momentia~ (rubinSteini 1992 : 722). s.
rubinSteinTan ganzraxvas rTuli qmedebebis Sesrulebis dros
maorganizebeli funqcia akisria.
l. boJoviCisa da misi TanamSromlebis, l. slavinas da t. endovickaias
SromebSi (boJoviCi 1976 : 55-69, boJoviCi 1979 : 96). ganzraxvas miniWebuli
aqvs mamoZravebeli moqmedebis Zala da am mosazrebamde avtorebi
eqsperimentis Sedegad mividnen. gansakuTrebiT saintereso l. slavinas
kvlevaa (slavina 1972 : 24-51), romelSic avtori eqsperimentis gziT
cdilobs aCvenos, rom bavSvisaTvis ufrosis mier dasaxul mizans da
bavSvis mier miRebul ganzraxvas mamoZravebeli Zala aqvs.
eqsperimentSi pirvelklasel bavSvebs unda gaegrZelebinaT muSaoba
(daesvaT wertilebi wreebSi) fsiqikuri gajerebis pirobebSi (a. karstenis
meTodika) (karsteni 2001 : 251). eqsperimenti mosamzadebeli da kritikuli
nawilebisgan Sedgeboda. mosamzadebel etapze sacdel pirebs eZleoda
naxevrad Tavisufali instruqcia, romlis Tanaxmad ufrosi bavSvs
Txovda Zalian mniSvnelovani saqmisTvis rac SeiZleba met wreSi
wertilebis dasmas. amis Semdeg eqsperimentatori aRniSnavda, rom
mniSvnelovani saqmisaTvis marTla aucilebelia rac SeiZleba bevri
wertilis dasma, magram bavSvs SeuZlia imdeni wertilis dasma, ramdensac
is moisurvebs. eqsperimentis mimdinareobis dros bavSvis win uamravi
furcelia. mosamzadebel periodSi, romelic ramodenime dRe
grZeldeboda, bavSvebs mkveTrad gamoxatuli uaryofiTi damokidebuleba
49
uCndebodaT Sesasrulebeli samuSaos mimarT da mis Sewyvetas
cdilobdnen. esqperimentis kritikuli nawili meore dResve iwyeboda, anu
maSinve, roca bavSvebi, fsiqikuri gajerebis gamo, uars ambobdnen
samuSaos Sesrulebaze. amjerad bavSvebs sTavazobdnen instruqcias,
romlis Tanaxmad ar iyo gansazRvruli eqsperimentuli masalis
raodenoba. bavSvebs samuSaos win aCvenebdnen Sesasrulebeli samuSaos
zust moculobas, anu sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, ufrosebi bavSvebs
usvamdnen garkveul amocanebs da Semdeg amowmebdnen, uaryofiTi
damokidebulebis miuxedavad, SeZlebda Tu ara dasaxuli mizani
yofiliyo moqmedebis motivi. kvlevis Sedegebma gvaCvena, rom SezRuduli
miznis dasaxva mkveTrad cvlis bavSvis muSaobis xasiaTs. is bevrad
organizebuli da mowesrigebuli xdeba. miznis dasaxvam mkveTrad
Seamcira pauzebis da mocdenebis raodenoba amas garda gaqra wreSi
wertilebis dasmis mouwesrigebeli variaciebi, romlebic damaxasiaTebe-
lia fsiqikuri gajerebisaTvis. aseve Seicvala bavSvis muSaobis dros
emocionaluri foni. rogor aixsneba bavSvis moqmedebaze SezRuduli
miznis gavlena? l. slavinas mosazrebiT saqme miznis mamotivirebel,
moqmedebis aRmZvrel ZalaSia, iqneba es garedan dasaxuli mizani, Tu
TviTon subieqtis mier miRebuli ganzraxva ubiZgebs adamians Seasrulos
misTvis arc Tu sasiamovno saqmianoba. amis Semdeg avtori aanalizebs
erTi mxriv motivebs, romlebic bavSvs ubiZgebs moqmedebisaken da meores
mxriv samuSaos Sewyvetisaken.
bunebrivia, rom zemoTmoyvanili eqsperimentis dros bavSvebs
saerTod ar surdaT wreebSi wertilebis dasma. aqedan gamodis mosazreba,
rom bavSvebi imitom asruleben maTze dakisrebul samuSaos, rom maT
surT ufrosis Txovnis Sesruleba. surT monawileoba miiRon
mniSvnelovan saqmeebSi, ar surT iyvnen sxva bavSvebze uaresebi, surT
aCvenon, risi gakeTebis unari aqvT da a.S.
magram samuSaos moculobis zrdasTan erTad, mocemuli motivebis
mamoZravebeli Zala TandaTan klebulobs, radgan Cndeba fsiqikuri
gajereba da negatiuri damokidebuleba mocemuli samuSaos mimarT.
aRmocendeba konfliqti bavSvis survilsa (daanebos samuSaos Tavi
fsiqikuri gajerebis gamo) da mis moTxovnilebas Soris, imuSaos
50
zemoTCamoTvlili mosazrebebis gamo. mocemuli problemis arseboba
vlindeba samuSaos moculobis Semcirebasa da pauzebsa da variaciebSi,
agreTve bavSvis emocionaluri qcevis xasiaTSi (boJoviCi 1976 : 55-69).
samuSaos Sewyveta niSnavs erTi moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas meores
sazianod, rasac Tan emocionaluri diskomforti axlavs. amitom sanam
samuSaos Tavs mianebeben, bavSvebi Cumad sxedan da ar uyureben ufross.
samuSaoze uaris Tqma maTTvis ioli ar aris.
magram roca ufrosi usaxavs maT mizans, Seasrulon garkveuli
raodenobis samuSao, es mocemul situaciaSi bavSvisaTvis gamosavals
warmoadgens.
miznis arseboba aZlevs bavSvs SesaZleblobas daikmayofilos orive
moTxovnileba: 1) Seasrulos samuSao da 2) daamTavros mobezrebuli
saqme. radgan kmayofildeba orive moTxovnileba, amitom bavSvis dadebiTi
emocionaluri foni aisaxeba samuSaoze. l. slavina askvnis, rom bavSvis
win dasaxuli mizani, garkveuli raodenobis samuSaos Sesrulebis saxiT,
marTalia sulac ar aris bavSvisTvis saintereso, magram mainc xdeba
mamoZravebeli Zala, radgan mizani agvarebs konfliqts or
urTierTsawinaaRmdego moTxovnilebas Soris da xasiaTdeba dadebiTi
emocionaluri elferiT. swored am dadebiTi emociisken swrafva aZlevs
bavSvs SesaZleblobas gadalaxos uaryofiTi damokidebuleba mocemuli
samuSaos mimarT da daZlios samuSaosaTvis Tavis danebebis survili.
aqedan SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom miznis miRwevisken swrafvaSi
warmoqmnili motivacia sinamdvileSi gaSualebulia dadebiTi
emocionaluri elferiT.
magram aris ki mizani mamoZravebeli Zala? n. gutkinas azriT
(gutkina 1993 : 208), ganzraxvis formirebas maorganizebeli funqcia
akisria. zemoT moyvanili kvlevis safuZvelze SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom
ganzraxvis Camoyalibeba xels uwyobs nebismier moqmedebasa da motivebs
Soris konfliqtis mogvarebas mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is moaxerxebs
moqmedebis organizacias, xolo es moqmedeba adamianis dominantur
motivs unda Seesabamebodes.
zemoT ukve aRniSnuli iyo, rom l. boJoviCis SromebSi aris miniSneba
imis Taobaze, rom `WeSmariti nebelobiTi qceva xorcieldeba
51
adamianisaTvis mniSvnelovani moTxovnilebebis Sesabamisad da amis gamo
ar saWiroebs Tavisi gamovlinebisaTvis specialur rTul fsiqologiur
meqanizms~.
n. gutkinas mosazrebis Tanaxmad, piraduli interesebiT ganpirobebuli
adamianis nebelobiTi qcevis, rogorc nebismieri qcevis gageba ar
ewinaaRmdegeba nebelobis ganmartebas k. levinis moqmedebis dinamiuri
Teoriis mixedviT.
nebelobiTi da savele qceva k. levinis
Teoriis mixedviT.
mocemuli Teoriis Tanaxmad (levini 2001 : 119, zeigarniki 1981 : 117)
adamianis cxovreba erTgvar `fsiqologiur velSi~ mimdinareobs. masze
misi garemomcveli sagnebi mimzidvel an ganmzidvel zegavlenas axdenen
imisda mixedviT, Tu ra moTxovnileba aqvs maTze adamians mocemul
konkretul momentSi. Aamitom, k. levinis TeoriaSi saubaria ara cal-
calke subieqtsa da mis fizikur garemocvaze, aramed individis
`cxovrebiseul sivrceze~. `cxovrebiseul sivrceSi~ SeiZleba CarTuli
iyos ara marto fizikuri obieqtebi, aramed socialuri faqtorebic,
romlebic moqmedeben adamianze, magram yovelive es subieqtis mier unda
aRiqmebodes, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, rac ar aRiqmeba individis mier, is
ver Seva mis `cxovrebiseul sivrceSi~. imisda mixedviT, Tu
`cxovrebiseuli sivrceSi~ rogori damokidebuleba aqvs adamians sagnebis
mimarT k. levins Semoaqvs cnebebi _ nebelobiTi da savele qceva.
nebelobiTi qceva vlindeba maSin, rodesac adamiani daZlevs `velSi~
arsebul Zalas, xolo savele qceva maSin – roca adamiani velis
zegavlenis qveS eqceva.
arsebobs `savele qcevis~ ori tipi.
pirveli _ adamians TviTon aqvs garkveuli moTxovnileba da
mizanmimarTulad reagirebs `cxovrebiseul sivrceSi~ arsebul sagnebze.
meore tips _ `savele qcevas~ axasiaTebs is, rom ar arsebobs kavSiri
adamianis moTxovnilebasa da mis situaciur qcevas Soris.
52
k. levinis TeoriaSi nebelobiTi qceva ganxilulia, rogorc im Zalis
daZleva, romelic aqvT `fsiqologiur velSi~ sxvadasxva sagnebs. n.
gutkinas mosazrebis Tanaxmad, nebelobiTi qceva unda ganvixiloT,
rogorc ara mxolod Zaladobrivi procesi, aramed, rogorc dominanturi
moTxovnilebis arseboba, romlis drosac adamiani veRar amCnevs sxva
gamRizianeblidan momdinare impulss. xolo Tu adamians ar aqvs Zlieri
moTxovnileba, romlis gansaxorcielebladac is iRwvis, maSin mis qcevas
impulsuri xasiaTi aqvs, rasac k. levini savele qcevas uwodebs. n.
gutkina Tvlis (gutkina 1993 : 208), rom mocemuli Teoriis
gaTvaliswinebiT SesaZlebelia avxsnaT zogierTi pirvelklaselis
warumateblobis mizani.
misi azriT `im pirvelklaselebs, romlebic ar arian mzad saskolo
swavlebisaTvis, axasiaTebT ara nebismieri moqmedebis sisuste da qcevis
cnobieri marTvis uunaroba, aramed susti nebisyofa, rac motivaciuri
sferos moumwifeblobiTaa gamowveuli. patara bavSvs ar SeuZlia
cnobierad Seasrulos is, rac ar ainteresebs da ar unda, magram rogorc
ki moqmedeba gaxdeba misTvis saintereso, maSinve SeuZlia sakuTari qcevis
marTva.
sainteresoa aseve zogierT pirvelklaselTan nebismieri yuradRebis
da nebismieri mexsierebis sisuste, magram mocemul SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu
saqme ar gvaqvs mexsierebis da yuradRebis paTologiur darRvevasTan,
mizezi nebismieri moqmedebis sisusteSi ar unda veZioT, aramed nebismieri
procesebis sust ganviTarebaSi. rogorc ki bavSvebSi gamoviwvevT
interess, nebismieri mexsierebisa da yuradRebis problemebi aRar
vlindeba.
nebismieri anu umaRlesi fsiqikuri procesebi, l. vigotskis mixedviT
(vigotski 1983 : 126) gaSualebuli da ara naturaluri procesia. uneblie
yuradReba aris yuradReba, gamowveuli obieqtis mier Cveni nebis gareSe,
xolo uneblie mexsiereba _ raimes damaxsovrebaa Cveni nebis gareSe. sul
sxva procesia, rodesac adamiani cnobierad axdens koncentracias an
imaxsovrebs rames. aq ukve gaSualebuli procesi erTveba.
bavSvebSi mexsiereba da yuradRebis ganviTareba swored interesis
gaRvivebiTaa SesaZlebeli.
53
t. ribos SromebSi nebismieri yuradRebis ganviTarebaSi
mniSvnelovani roli Sromas eniWeba. Tu adamianisTvis mniSvnelovania
misi Sromis Sedegi, mas uCndeba yuradRebis marTvis Zlieri motivacia,
rac fsiqikuri funqciis cnobierad marTvis unarze aisaxeba. l. vigotski
fsiqikis kulturul-istoriuli ganviTarebis koncefciaSi saubrobs
yuradRebis nebismieri marTvis Sesaxeb.
ontogenezSi nebismieri yuradReba ar imeorebs Tavisi ganviTarebis
gzas filogenezSi, magram aqac, l. vigotskis azriT `nebismieri
yuradReba egueba socialur cxovrebas~ (vigotski 1983 : 126). rogorc
filogenezSi, ise ontogenezSi nebismieri yuradRebis ganviTareba xels
uwyobs adamianis moTxovnilebas, miaRwios saukeTeso Sedegs misTvis
mniSvnelovani saqmis Sesrulebisas.
nebismieri moqmedebis, rogorc motivaciis funqciis gageba
gulisxmobs, rom pirvelklaselTa warumateblobis mizezi aris ara
nebelobiTi sferos susti ganviTareba, aramed motivaciuri sferos
moumwifebloba.
mocemuli Sexedulebani warmoadgens fsiqologiis rusuli skolis
damokidebulebas pirvelklaselTa saskolo mzaobis Sesaxeb.
54
Tavi II. eqsperimenti da miRebuli Sedegebis gansja. (sidorenko 2000 :
349, yvavilaSvili 1990 : 461)
2.1. eqsperimentSi gamoyenebuli meTodikebis aRwera
Cveni kvlevis mizani iyo saskolo swavlebis mimarT moswavleTa
fsiqologiuri mzadobis da pirvelklaselTa individualuri
Taviseburebebis kvleva.
SevecadeT pasuxi gagveca SekiTxvebze:
1) arian Tu ara mzad Cveni pirvelklaselebi mzad skolaSi
saswavleblad rogorc inteleqtualebi, ise pirovnuli TvalsazrisiT;
2) SenarCunebulia Tu ara disharmonia skolis inteleqtualuri
mzaobisa da socialur-pirovnul mzaobas Soris
3) rogoria im moswavleta akademiuri moswreba, romlebic I klasSi
ar iyvnen mzad rogorc inteleqtualuri, ise pirovnuli TvalsazrisiT;
4) rogori suraTia 5 wlianebTan sasakolo mzaobis kuTxiT;
miRebul suraTze dayrdnobiT gadawyvetili gvqonda
ganmaviTarebeli gakveTilebis dagegmva, romelic mimarTuli iqneboda
arsebuli umwifari bunebis ganviTarebidan, raTa Tavidan agvecilebina
moswavleTa saskolo dezedaptacia.
Cveni kvlevis miznebis gansazRvrisas daveyrdeniT mcire SerCevaze
Cvens mier Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebze. kvlevebi exeboda moswavleta
akademiur moswrebaze rogorc asakobrivi sxvaobis, iase inteleqtualuri
mzaobis gavlenis sakiTxebs.
CamovayalibeT kvlevis hipoTezebi:
1) gasuli saukunis 60-ian wlebSi ganaTlebis sistemaSi gatarebuli
reformis Sedegad skolaSi swavlis dawyebis 7 wlis asaki 1 wliT iqna
daweuli. 7 wlis bavSvebis fsiqikur Taviseburebebze gaTvlili programa
meqanikurad iqna gadatanili 6 wlian bavSvebze, radgan dRes
saqarTvelos skolebSi Rebuloben yvela 6 wlis da im 5 wlis bavSvebs,
romelTan 6 weli 1 ianvramde SeusruldebaT. davuSvaT hipoTeza, rom
pirvelklaselTa garkveuli nawili ar unda iyos mzad saskolo
cxovrebisaTvis (gansakuTrebiT 5 wlianebi);
55
2) Tanamedrove teqnikuri epoqis bavSvebs bevrad meti informacia
moepovebaT, vidre maT Tanatols 20-30 wlis win, radgan Tanamedrove
skolamdelebi dRis umetes nawils binaSi, televizoris da kompiuteris
win atareben, amitom davuSvaT mcire hipoTeza, rom Tanamedrove
pirvelklaselis socialur-pirovnuli ganaTlebis done unda
CamorCebodes maT inteleqtualuri ganaTlebis dones.
3) skolisaTvis fsiqologiuri moumwifebloba moswavleTa
akademiur moswrebaze unda axdendes gavlenas.
4) pirvelklaselTa moumwifebeli fsiqikuri funqciebis gamovlenis
Semdeg Cvens mier Sedgenili, mizanmimarTuli ganviTarebuli programis
gamoyenebam unda gamoiwvios mocemuli funqciis ganviTareba.
5) mocemuli funqciebis ganviTarebam moswavleTa akademiuri
moswrebis gaumjobeseba unda gamoiwvios.
zemoTmoyvanil Teoriebze dayrdnobiT inteleqtualuri mzaobis
kvlevis meTodiT gamoviyeneT germaneli fsiqologis g. viclakis testi
(vitclaki 1986 : 27-35), romelic adgens 5,5-7 wlis bavSvebis unars
saskolo swavlebisadmi da gonebrivi ganviTarebis dones. socialur-
pirovnuli mzaobis sakvlevad ki n. gutkinas (gutkina 1993 : 208) mier
SemuSavebuli programa “6-7 wlis bavSvebis fsiqologiuri mzaobis
dadgena”.
g. vitclakis testi 15 subtestisagan Sedgeba da saSualebas iZleva
vikvlioT Semdegi sferoebi:
1) swavlebadoba;
2) metyvelebis ganviTarebis done;
3) zogadi gaTviTcnobiereba;
4) raodenobrivi simravliT operirebis unari;
5) formebis codna da maTi gansxvaveba;
6) feris da formis diferenciaciis unari;
7) faqriTa da pastiT muSaobis unari, mcire sivrceSi orientacia;
8) saganTa klasifikacia, azrovnebis ganviTareba;
9) mexsireba.
testi Sedgeba Semdegi subtestebisagan:
1) Tanmimdevruli suraTebi:
56
mocemuli subtesti Sedgeba 2 seriisagan. TiToeuli Seicavs 3
naxats.
pirvel seriaSi siuJeti “koSkis ageba” gamoiyeneba Sesaval
davalebad. ufrosi TviTon, Tanmimdevrulad alagebs bavSvis win
suraTebs da uyveba istorias. Semdeg ufrosi suraTebs iRebs da bavSvs
sTxovs gaimeoros mokled rac moismina. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ufross
SeuZlia dasvas mimaxvedrebeli SekiTxvebi.
istoriis aRdgenis xarisxis miuxedavad eqsperimentatori kidev
erTxel ayalibebs azrs.
meore seria ukve ZiriTadi davalebaa.
bavSvis win eqsperimentatori debs 3 naxats da sTxovs Seadginos
ambavi. ufrosi bavSvs aRar exmareba. davalebis Sesrulebis Semdeg
eqsperimentatori iRebs naxatebs da sTxovs mokled gaimeoros mokled
wamrodgenili siuJeti.
davalebis Sesruleba Semdegnairad fasdeba. 7 qula iwereba im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu bavSvma kargad gadmogvca samive suraTis azri, yuradReba
gaamaxvila siuJetis arsze. 5 qula – bavSvma kargad gadmogvca azri,
magram arsebiT da meorexarisxovan detalebze erTnairad gaamaxvila
yuradReba. 3 – qula – bavSvma SesZlo azris gadmocema mxolod 2
suraTSi. reziumeSi ZiriTadi yuradReba meore xarisxovan detalebze
gaamaxvila. 2 – qula – bavSvma ver monaxa azrobrivi kavSri suraTebs
Soris, isini erTmaneTisgan cal-calke aRwera. 0 – qula – saerTod ver
Seadgina moTxroba.
2) ferebis codna
bavSvis win deben 12 fers da sTxoven mas dasaxelebas. davaleba
Semdegnairad fasdeba.
TiToeul sworad dasaxelebul ferze bavSvi 1 qula Rebulobs
3) oTxstrofiani leqsis daswavla
bavSvs eqsperimentatori sTxovs leqsis daswavlas, raTa saxlSi
dedas an bebias waukiTxos.
Tavdapirvelad ufrosi kiTxulobs 4 struqonian leqss mTlianad,
xolo Semdeg iwyeba daswavlis procesi. daswavlis procesi 3
nawilisagan Sedgeba.
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pirvelad eqsperimentatori ukiTxavs mxolod 2 striqons da sTxovs
bavSvs mis gameorebas. Tu cdis piri uSvebs Secdomebs misi gameoreba
xdeba maqsimum 3-jer. amis Semdeg gadadian Semdegi 2 striqonis
daswavlaze.
roca leqsis orive nawili daswavlilia, eqsperimentatori ukiTxavs
mTel leqss Tavidan bolmde. Secdomis SemTxvevaSi mxolod 3-jer
umeorebs.
Sefaseba
8 qula _ eniWeba bavSvs, romelic samive nawils sworad aRadgens.
5 qula – Tu leqsSi sityvebi gadaadgilebuli an damatebulia.
3 qula – azri sakuTari sityvebiTaa gadmocemuli.
2 qula - calkeuli fragmentebi SenarCunebulia, magram maT Soris
azrobrivi kavSiri darRveulia.
0 qula – Tu bavSvi saerTod ver imeorebs leqss.
4) “sagnebis codna”
bavSvis win eqsperimentatori debs 9 naxats, romelzec xilis,
bostneulis, yvavilebis gamosaxulebebia. cdis pirma unda daasaxelos
TiToeuli maTgani. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu cdis piri ambobs “es yvavilia”,
eqsperimentatori sTxovs daazustos Tu romeli.
Sefaseba – TiToeuli swori pasuxi 1 quliT fasdeba
5) Tvlis procesi.
subieqtis masalad igivea. bavSvs eqsperimentatori sTxovs
daiTvalos Tu ramdeni sagania mis win.
Tu bavSvi ver scems pasuxs eqsperimentatori isev umeorebs: “Tavidan
daiwye!”.
davaleba Semdegnairad fasdeba:
5 qula – Tvla motoruli komponentebis gareSe;
4 qula – Cumi Tvla mxolod tuCebis moZraobiT;
3 qula – Tvla CurCuliTa da Tavis qneviT;
2 qula – TiTiT Tvla, ise rom TiTi sagnebs ar exeba
1 qula – cdis piri TiTiT exeba naxats;
0 qula – uari davalebis Sesrulebaze
6) Tvlis Tanmimdevrobis codna:
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Tu bavSvma Seasrula me-5 davaleba, eqsperimentatori eubneba:
daiTvale, sadamdec SegiZlia, 22-is Semdeg awyvetinebs.
qulad iTvleba is maqsimaluri cifri, romlamdec SeZlo bavSvma
daTvla.
7) “saganTa klasifikacia”
subtestis masalad kvlav xilis, bostneulis, yvavilebis
gamosaxulebebi gamoiyeneba. emateba 3 kalaTa.
bavSvs vTxovT, zeda kalaTaSi moaTavsos xili, Sua kalaTaSi _
bostneuli, xolo ukanasknel kalaTaSi yvavilebi.
TiToeul sworad klasificirebul saganze 1 qula emateba.
mocemuli subtestis maqsimaluri Sefaseba 3 qulaa.
8) “raodenobis aRqma”
masala – igive da erTi Tabaxis furceli.
me-7 davalebis sworad Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSi bavSvis win
mocemulia xiliT, bostneuliTa da yvavilebiT savse sami kalaTa.
qveda kalaTas (yvavilebians) eqsperimentatori afarebs furcels da
ekiTxeba: miTxari ramdeni xili da bostneulia Cvens win?
Tu Tvlis dros bavSvi uSvebs Secdomas, eqsperimentatori 2-jer
aZlevs SesaZleblobas sworad daiTvalos mis win warmodgenili
naxatebi.
Tu cdis piri iTvlis mxolod xils, an mxolod bostneuls, maSin
eqsperimentatori kalaTebis gareSe awyobs maT bavSvis win da isev
sTxovs daTvlas. Tu bavSvi ver axerxebs, xils da bostneuls erTad
awyobs da ise sTxovs daTvlas.
amis Semdeg igive proceduris Catarebas sTxovs ukve yvavilebiani
kalaTis mimarT.
Sefaseba. 3 quliT fasdeba davalebis pirveli nawilis Sesruleba
Secdomis gareSe da 3 quliT meore nawilis Sesruleba, anu davalebis
sworad Sesrulebis maqsimaluri qulaa – 6. TiToeul daxmarebaze cdis
pirs TiTo qula akldeba.
9) figuraTa formebis codna da klasifikacia
masala – 9 geometriuli figura: 3 wre, 3 samkuTxedi da 3
oTxkuTxedi da erTi furceli samkuTxedis, oTxkuTxedisa da wris
59
gamosaxulebiT. Tavidan eqsperimentatori amowmebs, icis Tu ara bavSvma
mocemuli figurebi, Tu ar icis, maSin eqsperimentatori TviTon
usaxelebs. Semdeg eqsperimentatori sTxovs bavSvs auxsnas, Tu ratom
hqvia samkuTxeds samkuTxedi, oTxkuTxeds – oTxkuTxedi. amis Semdeg
aurevs mis win dawyobil figurebs da sTxovs, daawyos erTnairi
figurebi erTad.
Sefaseba: davalebis TiToeuli nawili cal-calke fasdeba.
I etapi – TiToeul sworad dasaxelebul figuraze iwereba 1 qula,
mocemuli davalebis maqsimaluri qulaa – 3.
II etapi – TiToeuli sworad mocemul ganmartebaze iwereba 1 qula.
III etapi – TiToeuli sworad klasificirebuli erTobliobaze iwereba 1
qula.
10) naxatebis Sedareba.
eqsperimentis masala naxatebis 4 wyvilisagan Sedgeba. naxatebis
TiToeuli wyvili TiTqmis identuria. maT Soris mxolod ramodenime
gansxvavebaa. bavSvs sTxoven ipovos es gansxvavebebi.
Sefaseba:
2 qula – swori gadawyvetileba daxmarebis gareSe
1 qula – swori gadawyvetileba eqsperimentatoris daxmarebis
SemTxvevaSi.
0 qula Tu bavSvma saerTod ver Seasrula davaleba.
11) leqsis aRdgena.
eqsperimentatori sTxovs cdis pirs gaixsenos leqsi, romelic me-3
davalebaSi iswavla.
Tu cdis pirs saerTod ar gaaxsenda leqsi, misi daswavla me-3
davalebis analogiurad mimdinareobs.
12) feris da formis deferenciaciis unari.
eqsperimentis masala – garkveuli feris dausrulebeli figurebi.
bavSvs eqsperimentatori sTxovs mocemul marTkuTxeds mouZebnos
nakluli detalebi. davalebis sworad Sesrulebisas bavSvma unda
gaitvaliswinoT 2 niSani – feri da forma.
subtestSi cdis pirs 4 davaleba eZleva. TiToeul sworad
Sesrulebul davalebaze 1 qula iwereba.
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13) analogiebis povna.
bavSvs eZleva garkveuli mtkicebulebebi, xolo Semdeg
eqsperimentatori usvams SekiTxvas, romelzedac pasuxi, mxolod
analogiuri mtkicebulebis CamoyalibebiTaa SesaZlebeli.
mag: Citi galobs, ZaRli?
- limoni mJavea, Saqari?
davaleba 6 SekiTxvisagan Sedgeba
TiToeuli sworad gacemuli pasuxi 1 quliT fasdeba.
14) gadaxatva.
cdis pirs gadasaxatad eZleva 2 figura (samkuTxedi da jvari) da 2
ornamenti.
bavSvma figurebi rac SeiZleba meti sizustiT unda gadaxatos.
6 qula – naxati gavs, forma da proporciebi nimuSis msgavsia.
3 qula – naxati gavs, magram adgili aqvs mcire damaxinjebas.
2 qula – ZiriTadi forma gaurkvevelia, magram zogi detaliT mainc
gavs nimuSs.
0 qula naxati saerTod ar gavs nimuSs.
mocemul davalebaSi maqsimaluri Sefaseba 24 qulaa
15) suraTis aRwera.
cdis pirs eZleva naxati, romelSic unda aRweros. Sefasebisas 4
aspeqtis gaTvaliswineba xdeba:
1) metyvelebis unari (borZikobs Tu gamarTulad metyvelebs)
2) winadadebebis wyobis;
3) artikulaciis;
4) fantaziis unaris;
Sefaseba I aspeqtis SemTxvevaSi
2 qula – bavSvi gamarTulad metyvelebs, borZikis gareSe
1 qula –gamarTulad metyvelebs, magram pauzebiT
0 qula borZikiT metyvelebs.
Sefaseba II aspeqtis SemTxvevaSi:
8 qula – bavSvi iyenebs kargad struqturirebul, rTul
winadadebebs, iyenebs kavSirebs.
6 qula – bavSvi iyenebs rTul winadadebebs, magram stereotipuls
61
erT kavSirs;
4 – bavSvi mxolod martiv winadadebebs iyenebs
1 – bavSvi arasruli winadadebebiT metyvelebs
III aspeqtis “artikulaciis” Sefaseba:
2 qula – Tu bavSvi mkafiod gamoTqvams bgerebs;
1 qula – bgerebs aramkafiod gamoTqvams.
IV aspeqti “fantazia” fasdeba 1 quliT.
mocemulma testma saSualeba mogvca gvekvlia pirvelklaselTa
inteleqtualuri mzaoba. testi Cvens mier iqna standartizirebuli.
movaxdineT g. viclakis testis “skolaSi swavlebis unaris”
standartizacia. kvleva CavatareT Tbilisis aTi skolis 211 moswavleze
asakiT, 5 w da 8 Tvidan 7 wlamde.
mocemuli testis saboloo Sedegi subtestSi miRebuli qulebis
jamia.
miviReT, rom m=92, S=12
90 qula miiRo 31 moswavlem. mocemuli jgufis z = - 0,17
92 qula miiRo 40 moswavlem, mocemuli jgufis z = 0,0
99 qula miiRo 64 moswavlem, mocemuli jgufis z = 0,6
102 qula miiRo 46 moswavlem, mocemuli jgufis z = 0,8
108 qula miiRo 13 moswavlem, mocemuli jgufis z = 1,3
117 qula miiRo 30 moswavlem, mocemuli jgufis z = 2,0
90 92 99 102
108 117
- 0,17 0 0,6 0,8
1,3 2,0
Zalian dabali dabali kargi saukeTeso
gamoikveTa bavSvebis 4 jgufi:
90 – 92 qulas Seesabameba bavSvTa jgufi, romelTac testSi Zalian
dabali maCvenebeli miiRes.
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99 _ 102 qulas Seesabameba bavSvTa jgufi, romelTac testSi dabali
maCvenebeli miiRes.
108 _ qulas Seesabameba bavSvTa jgufi, romelTac testSi kargi
maCveneblebi miiRes.
117 _ qulas Seesabameba bavSvTa jgufi, romelTac testSi saukeTeso
maCvenebeli miiRes.
mocemuli testis adaptacia ruseTSi moaxdines t. dosmaevam da a.
lidersma (burlaCuki 1993 : 203). miRebuli qulebis jami lidersis
normatiuli cxrilebis meSveobiT procentebSi gadadis. miRebuli
Sedegi aris bavSvis gonebrivi ganviTarebis donis da misi
inteleqtualuri mzaobis maCvenebeli. gaSualebul normad lidersis
mixedviT iTvleba 96,5 qula, anu 60%. Cven ki 90-dan 102 qulamde
mivakuTvneT dabal maCvenebels, xolo 108-dan 117 qulamde Zalian maRal
maCvenebels. bavSvebi, romlebic iReben 90-dan 102 qulamde ar arian
inteleqtualurad mzad skolisaTvis, xolo bavSvebi, romlebic iReben
108-dan 117 qulamde mzad arian inteleqtualurd skolisaTvis.
g. vitclakma mocemuli testi Semdgomi ganmaviTarebeli samuSaoebis
dagegmvis mizniT SeimuSava. is Tvlida, rom fsiqodiagnostikuri
samuSaos mizani ara gonebrivi ganviTarebis donis koeficientis
gansazRvraa, aramed bavSvis Sesaxeb fsiqologiuri informaciis miReba,
romelzedac dayrdnobiT SegviZlia davgegmoT pedagogiuri samuSao,
romelic ganviTarebis stimulacias moaxdens.
amitom zogierTi avtori am tests sadiagnostiko-sakoreqcio
programasac uwodebs.
magram radgan saskolo mzaoba socialur-pirovnul mzaobasac
moiazrebs, daveyrdeniT l. vigotskis mosazrebas, rom bavSvi im
SemTxvevaSi aris mzad skolisaTvis, Tu mas aqvs formirebuli saswavlo
motivacia (SemecnebiTi socialuri) SeuZlia moqmedebis nebismieri
regulacia, romelic mWidrodaa motivaciur sferosTan dakavSirebuli.
Seswevs Zala miiRos garedan dasaxuli mizani da sasurveli Sedegis
misaRebad moaxdinos ganzraxvis formireba. mocemuli unaris gareSe
moswavle ver SeZlebs nimuSisa da wesebis dacviT muSaobas, rac
aucilebelia I klasSi warmatebuli swavlisaTvis.
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moswavlis socialur-pirovnuli mzadebis sakvlevad avarCieT n.
gudkinas mier mier SemuSavebuli programa: 6-7 wlis bavSvebis saskolo
mzaobis dadgena, romelic Semdegi meTodikebisagan Sedgeba:
1) meTodika – “zRapari” ikvlevs bavSvis dominantur motivs;
2) meTodika – “TanamSromlobis unaris kvleva”;
3) meTodika – “saxli” – ikvlevs nimuSis mixedviT xelmZRvanelobis
unars;
4) meTodika – “ki da ara ar Tqva” – ikvlevs wesebis mixedviT
muSaobis unars.
I meTodika “zRapari” – ikvlevs bavSvis dominatur motivs:
eqsperimentators bavSvi Sehyavs oTaxSi, sadac magidaze awyvia arc
Tu ise momxibvleli saTamaSoebi. bavSvs sTxoven saTamaSoebis
daTvalierebas. Semdeg eqsperimentatori bavSvs ukiTxavs zRapars. magram
yvelaze saintereso adgilze wyvets zRapris kiTxvas da ekiTxeba cdis
pirs, ra surs, zRapris bolomde mosmena, Tu TamaSi.
bavSvebi gamoxatuli SemecnebiTi interesiT irCeven zRapris
bolomde mosmenas, xolo bavSvebi sustad ganviTarebuli SemecnebiTi
interesiT ki TamaSs.
2) meTodika _ “TanamSromlobis unris kvleva”
mocemuli meTodikis mizania komunikaciis da TanamSromlobis
unaris kvleva.
masala: xelTaTmanis gamosaxuleba da 2 yuTi feradi fanqrebi.
meTodika ori seriisagan Sedgeba kvlevaSi bavSvebis wyvili monawileobs.
I seriis instruqcia: aiReT xelTaTmanis gamosaxuleba da ise
gaaferadeT, rom orive xelTaTmani erTnairi iyos. Tavidan jer
moilaparakeT, Tu rogor ornaments daxatavT an ra ferebs gamoiyenebT.
davalebis Sesasruleblad TiToeuls Tqveni fanqrebi geqnebaT.
II seriis instruqcia: axla axal xelTaTmanebs mogcemT da isev ise
gaaferadeT, rom orive erTnairi iyos. magram amjerad orives fanqrebis 1
erTi yuTi geqnebaT..
imisaTvis, rom davaleba kargad gamogivideT, erTmaneTs unda
aTxovoT fanqrebi.
TanamSromlobis unari Semdegi niSniT fasdeba:
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1) ramdenad SeZles molaparakeba; rogor moaxerxes gadawyvetilebis
miReba: gamoiyenes darwmuneba, Zaldataneba, molaparakeba.
2) ramdenad akontrolebdnen davalebis Sesrulebis process.
hqondaT Tu ara reaqcia, roca partniorma Tavdapirveli Canafiqri ar
Seasrula.
3) Seafases Tu ara sakuTari da partnioris moqmedeba.
4) exmarebodnen Tu ara erTmaneTs.
Sefaseba:
TanamSromlobis maRali done – bavSvebma SeZles molaparakeba,
miiRes gadawyvetileba, davalebis Sesrulebisas akontrolebdnen
erTmaneTs, Cxubis gareSe iyofdnen fanqrebs.
TanamSromlobis saSualo done – miuxedavad imisa, rom miiRes
gadawyvetileba, aRar gaakontroles erTmaneTi, an mxolod akritikes.
TanamSromlobis dabali done – damoukideblad imuSaves, ar
exmarebodnen erTmaneTs.
III meTodika _ “saxli”.
meTodika warmoadgens davalebas, sadac bavSvma unda gadaxatos
saxlis gamosaxuleba. mocemuli davaleba saSualebas gvaZlevs vikvlioT
bavSvis unari, moqmedebis nebismieri regulaciisa da nebismieri
yuradRebis ganviTarebis done.
masala – saxlis gamosaxuleba.
instruqcia: Sens win devs furceli saxlis gamosaxulebiT da
kalmistari. Seecade furcelze daxato aseTive saxli. Tu SegeSleba, ar
waSalo saSleliT, aramed zemodan daaxate.
Sefaseba – detalebis raodenoba, bavSvi xatavs mexsierebiT, Tu
mudam adarebs nimuSs, ramdenad xSirad gadaerTveba yuradreba sxva
obieqtebze, ramdenad gavs bavSvis naxati nimuSs.
mocemuli davalebis Sesrulebisas yuradReba eqceva Semdeg
Secdomebs: romelime detalis gamorCenas, proporciebis darRvevas.
sivrceSi detalebis araswor mdebareobas xazebis daxrilobas 300 –ze
metad.
maRali done - (Secdomebis gareSe)
saSualo done _ (1 an 2 Secdoma)
65
dabali done _ (3 an meti Secdoma)
IV meTodika _ “ ki da ara ar Tqva” ikvlevs wesis mixedviT
mqmedebis unars.
meTodika wamroadgens TamaSs, romelic bavSvs aZlevs saSualebas
imoqmedos wesebis dacviT. mocemuli davalebis Sesruleba SeuZlebelia
nebismieri yuradRebis, nebismieri mexsierebisa da moqmedebis nebismieri
regulaciis gareSe.
instruqcia: “Cven axla viTamaSebT TamaSs, romlis drosac ar
SeiZleba sityvebis “ki” da “ara” - warmoTqma gaimeore, romeli sityvebi
ar unda warmoTqva (cdis piri imeorebs mocemul sityvebs). axla ki
yuradRebiT iyavi, me Sen dagisvam SekiTxvas, Sen ki ise mipasuxe, rom ar
Tqva sityvebi “ki” da “ara” gasagebia?”
wesis gaTvalisiwnebiT moqmedeba gulisxmobs nebismieri yuradRebis
da nebismieri mexsierebis arsebobas. imisaTvis, rom bavSvma sworad
upasuxos SekiTxvebs, saWiroa mudam axsovdes instruqcia da ar
gaefantos yuradReba. bavSvebma unda akontrolos sakuTari survili
pasuxisas “ki” da “aras” warmoTqmisas da Tan moifiqros pasuxi. am
yvelafris ganxorcieleba SeuZlebelia moqmedebis nebismieri
regulaciis gareSe.
Sedegebis damuSaveba xdeba Secdomebis dafiqsirebis gziT.
Secdomad ar iTvleba sityva “diax” an “ho”. dasaSvebia aseve Tu bavSvi
Cumad aris da mxolod aqnevs Tavs.
SekiTxvebi:
1) mogwons skolaSi siaruli?
2) giyvars multfilmebis yureba?
3) Sen biWi xar? (gogona xar?)
4) niangebi dafrinaven?
5) Zma gyavs?
6) zafxulSi civa?
7) Tovli Savia?
8) vaSli giyvars?
Sefaseba: maRali done – 2 Secdoma
saSualo done – 3-5 Secdomamde
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dabali done – 5 da meti Secdoma
rogorc zemoT ukve avRniSneT, Cveni kvlevis miznebis gansazRvrisas
daveyrdeniT Cems mier Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebs, romelic exeboda,
moswavleTa akademiur moswrebaze asakobrivi sxvaobis da saskolo
mzaobis gavlenas.
rogorc cnobilia, saqarTveloSi skolaSi Rebuloben yvela 6
wlamde bavSvs da maTac visac 6 wli 1 ianvramde SeusruldebaT, anu erT
klasSi xvdebian bavSvebi 5w da 9 Tvidan 7 w CaTvliT.
mocemul asakSi aseTi mcire sxvaobebic ki gavlenas axdens bavSvis
fsiqikis ganviTarebaze. rogorc zemoT avRniSneT, gansxvaveba
mdgomareobs rogorc Tavis tvinis sxvadasxva xarisxis momwifebaSi, ise
araTanabari cxovrebiseul gamocdilebaSi. rogorc e. lublianskaia
aRniSnavs (lublinskaia 1971 : 414) “bavSvebis cxovreba aris dro,
cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebis dagrovebis da ufrosTa gamocdilebis
SeTvisebisa, amitomac normalur pirobebSi ufrosi bavSvi patarasTan
SedarebiT meti gamocdilebis dagrovebas da axali Cvevebis dauflebas
moaxerxebs.
amitomac asakobrivi sxvaoba mniSvnelovnad unda aisaxos bavSvis
skolisaTvis mzaobaze da saswavlo warmatebebze.
am mizniT saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi bavSvebs Cavutare testireba
maTi saskolo mzaobis dasadgenad.
gamoviyeneT zemoT naxsenebi g. viclakis testi, romelic adgens
bavSvis unars saskolo swavlebisadmi da gonebrivi ganviTarebis dones.
Cven gvainteresebda gvenaxa, aris Tu ara gansxvaveba saskolo
mzaobis mxriv im bavSvebSi, romelTa Soris asakobrivi sxvaoba 1 welia.
bavSvebi davyaviT asakobriv jgufebad, sam-sami Tvis Sualedebad.
anu erT jgufSi SeviyvaneT ianvarSi, TebervalSi, martSi dabadebuli
bavSvebi.
meore asakobriv jgufSi – aprilSi, maisSi, ivnisSi dabadebulebi.
mesame asakobriv jgufSi – ki ivlisSi, agvistoSi, seqtemberSi
dabadebulebi gavaerTianeT.
meoTxe jgufi moicavda oqtomberSi, noemberSi da dekemberSi
dabadebul bavSvebs.
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kvleva CavatareT 1999 wlidan, mocemuli kvleva warmoadgenda Cems
sadiplomo Temas.
40 pirvelklaselze, romelTagan 20 iyo gogona, 20 ki vaJi.
miviReT Semdegi monacemebi:
I asakobriv jgufSi skolisaTvis moumzadebeli aRmoCnda
moswavleTa 15%, xolo mzad 85%.
II asakobriv jgufSi skolisaTvis moumzadebeli aRmoCnda 27%,
xolo mzad 87%.
III asakobriv jgufSi skolisaTvis moumwifebeli aRmoCnda 27%,
xolo mzad 73%.
IV asakobriv jgufSi moumwifebeli aRmoCnda 66%, mzad 34%.
amis Semdeg Cvens mier navaraudev sixSireebs SevadareT realuri
sixSireebi da miviReT, rom
I jgufisaTvis X2=3,9 ν=1, amitom p <0,05
II jgufisaTvis X2=4,2; amitom p <0,05
III jgufisaTvis X2=0,9 p <0,05
IV jgufisaTvis X2=4,2; p <0,02
amitom oTxive SemTxvevaSi uarvyaviT nulovani hipoTeza.
Semdeg kvlevaSi pirvelklaselTa mocemuli jgufi davyaviT 6 Tvis
SualediT da SevadareT “didi bavSvebis jgufi” “patara bavSvebis
jgufs”. (X2=22,6; ν =1, amitom p<0,01).
amitom aqac uarvyaviT nulovani hipoTeza.
daskvna: asaki gavlenas axdens saskolo mzaobaze.
Semdeg mocemuli jgufi davyaviT gogonebisa da vaJebis jgufebad:
gogonebis jgufSi Semdegi Sedegebi miviReT:
I asakobriv jgufSi moumwifebeli aRmoCnda gogonebis 25%, xolo
mzad 75%.
II asakobriv jgufSi moumwifebeli aRmoCnda gogonebis 15%, xolo
85% aRmoCnda mzad.
III asakobriv jgufSi moumwifebeli aRmoCnda gogonebis 40%, xolo
mzad 60%.
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IV asakobriv jgufSi moumwifebeli aRmoCnda gogonebis 45%, xolo
mzad 55%.
am SemTxvevaSic navaraudev sixSireebis realur sixSireebTan
SedarebiT miviReT, rom I asakobrivi jgufisaTvis:
X2=5,7; ν =1 p<0,05
II asakobrivi jgufisaTvis X2=4,7; p<0,05
III asakobriv jgufSi X2=0,28; p<0,05
IV asakobriv jgufSi X2=5,1; p<0,65
amis Semdeg “didi” bavSvebis jgufi SevadareT, “patara” bavSvebis
jgufs: X2=1,5; amitom p<0,65
am SemTxvevaSic uarvyaviT nulovani hipoTeza.
daskvna: gogonebis SemTxvevaSi asakobrivi sxvaobebi gavlenas
axdens saskolo mzaobaze.
vaJebis jgufis monacemebi:
I asakobriv jgufSi skolisaTvis moumwifebeli aRmoCnda
moswavleTa 15%, xolo skolisaTvis mzad 85%.
II asakobriv jgufSi skolisaTvis moumwifebeli aRmoCnda vaJebis
20%, xolo mzad 80%
III asakobriv jgufSi skolisaTvis moumwifebeli vaJebis 50%
aRmoCnda mzad.
IV asakobriv jgufSi vaJebis 85% aRmoCnda moumwifebeli, xolo
mzad 15%.
“didi bavSvebis” jgufis SedarebiT “patara bavSvebis” jgufTan
miviReT, rom X2=6,2; ν =1 p<0,05
mocemul SemTxvevaSic nulovani hopoTeza uarvyaviT.
daskvna: asakobrivi sxvaoba gavlenas axdens saskolo mzaobaze.
meore klasSi igive bavSvebis kvleva gavagrZeleTniSnebis
sistemaze gadasvlam SesaZlebloba mogvca gvekvlia asakobrivi sxvaobis
gavlena akademiur warmatebebze. saskolo normebis ganmsazRvrelad
aviRoT saSualo moswreba sami sagnis mixedviT (qarTuli, maTematika,
ucxo ena).
miviReT Semdegi Sedegebi:
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I asakobriv jgufSi xuTosani aRmoCnda 64%, oTxosani – 26%,
samosani 10%.
II asakobriv jgufSi xuTosani aRmoCnda 70%, oTxosani 25%, samosani
5%
III asakobriv jgufSi xuTosani aRmoCnda 27%, oTxosani 46%,
samosani 27%
IV asakobriv jgufSi xuTosani aRmoCnda moswavleta 20%, oTxosani
_ 25%, samosani _ 55%.
isev SevadareT “didi bavSvebis jgufi” “patara bavSvebis jgufs” da
miviReT, rom X2=8,5; ν =1, Pp<0,05 amitom II klasSi dafiqsirda
asakobrivi sxvaobebis gavlena saswavlo warmatebebze.
mocemuli kvleva III klasSic gavagrZeleT. miviReT Semdegi
monacemebi.
I asakobriv jgufSi aRmoCnda 64%, oTxosani 25%, samosani mxolod
11%.
II asakobriv jgufSi xuTosani aRmoCnda 21%, oTxosani 57%, samosani
22%
III asakobriv jgufSi xuTosani aRmoCnda 45%, oTxosani 27%,
samosani ki 28%.
IV asakobriv jgufSi xuTosani aRmoCnda 45%, oTxosani 27%,
samosani 28%.
III klasSic fiqsirdeba asakobrivi s xvaobis gavlena akademiur
moswrebaze.
V klasis monacemebia:
I asakobriv jgufSi xuTosani moswavleTa 37% aRmoCnda, oTxosani
40% samosani ki 23%.
II asakobriv jgufSi xuTosani aRmoCnda 27% oTxosani 55%, samosani
ki 18%.
III asakobriv jgufSi xuTosani aRmoCnda 33%, oTxosani 55% samosani
28%
IV asakobriv jgufSi xuTosani 15% aRmoCnda, oTxosani 70%,
samosani ki 15%
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“didi bavSvebis” jgufis “patarebTan” Sedarebisas miviReT, rom
X2=0,7, amitom p<0,50
me-5 klasis SemTxvevaSi nulovani hipoTeza ZalaSi davtoveT, anu
asakis zegavlena saskolo warmatebebze aRar dafiqsirda, aseTive Sedegi
miviReT mocemuli jgufis VI klasis kvlevisas.
zemoT moyvanili SedegebiT Cveni hipoTeza dadasturda. asaki
gavlenas axdens saskolo warmatebaze, magram gavlena IV klasis CaTvliT
dafiqsirda.
V klasidan zog SemTxvevaSi dafiqsirda SemTxvevebi, rodesac
maRali akademiur moswrebis moswavle samosani xdeba, kargavs
swavlisadmi interess da es zogjer asakobrivi Tvisebebis da zogjer
pirovnuli TvisebebiTaa gamowveuli.
zemoT TqmulTan dakavSirebiT SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom: 1) asaki
mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens saskolo warmatebebze; 2) bavSvebi,
romelTac 6 weli mxolod skolaSi Sesvlis Semdeg SeusruldaT,
Tanaklaselebs CamorCebian akademiur moswrebaSi.
Cvens mier 2001 wels aseve Catarebuli iqna kvleva, romelic
pirvelklaselTa saskolo _ inteleqtualur mzaobas exeboda.
skolisaTvis inteleqtualur mzaobaSi moaizreba yvela im fsiqikuri
funqciis mzaoba, romlebic monawileoben saswavlo procesSi.
Cveni kvlevis mizani iyo Segveswavla situacia:
1) rodesac skolaSi Sesuli bavSvi ar aris mzad inteleqtualurad
skolaSi saswavleblad moumwifdeboda Tu ara saswavlo procesSi
fsiqikuri funqciebi;
2) pirvel klasSi skolisaTvis inteleqtualuri moumwifebloba
xom ar hpovebs asaxvas akademiur moswrebebze Semdeg klasebSi. am mizniT
saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi bavSvebs CavutareT testireba maTi saskolo
inteleqtualuri mzaobis dasadgenad. kvlvis meTodad gamoviyeneT g.
vitclakis testi, romelic adgens bavSvis unars saskolo swavlebisadmi
da gonebrvi ganviTarebis dones. mocemuli kvleva CavatareT 32 bavSvze,
romelTagan 18 iyo gogona, xolo 14 vaJi. maTi asaki icvleboda 5weli da
8 Tvidan 7 weli da erT Tvemde. gamokvleuli bavSvebis 42% ar aRmoCnda
mzad skolisaTvis, xolo 57% inteleqtualurad aRmoCnda mzad.
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13 moswavles Soris, romlebic mzad ar iyvnen skolisaTvis, 7 iyo
vaJi, xolo 6 gogona. am bavSvebis asaki 5 weli da 8 Tvidan 6 weli da 11
Tvemdea.
skolisaTvis momwifebul bavSvebs Soris (sul 19 bavSvi) 8 iyo vaJi,
xolo 11 gogona. maTi asaki 6 weli da erTi Tvidan 7 weli da erT
Tvemdea.
bavSvebis am jgufs maisis TveSi igive meTodiT CavutareT
testireba. gvainteresebda, Tu Seicvleboda monacemebi 8 Tvis Semdeg.
miviReT, rom r=0,751. calke gamovyaviT skolisaTvis moumwifebeli
moswavleebis jgufi, romelTaTvis miviReT r=0,79.
vinaidan seqtembersa da maisSi Catarebul kvlevis monacemebs Soris
sakmaod maRali korelaciaa, gavakeTeT daskvna, rom saswavlo procesis
miuxedavad fsiqikuri funqciis mdgomareoba ar Secvlila.
Cven movaxdineT skolisaTvis moumwifebeli bavSvebis jgufis
analizi da miviReT, rom 62% gaumjobesebuli aqvs monacemebi im
subtestebSi, romelic ikvlevs raodenobriv simravleebTan operirebis
unars da formebis codnasa da gansxvavebas. danarCen subtestebSi
mdgomareoba ucvlelia.
me-3 klasSi Sefasebis sistemaze gadasvlam SesaZlebloba mogvca
Segveswavla kavSiri skolisaTvis inteleqtualur mzaobasa da saskolo
warmatebas Soris (cxrili #1).
kavSiri inteleqtualur mzaobasa da saskolo warmatebas Soris
cxrili#1
2 3 4 5
abs. % abs. % abs. % abs. %
inteleqt.
moumwif. 0 0 9 28 3 9 1 3
inteleqt.
momwif. 0 0 4 15 5 16 10 31
Cveni hipoTeza SemdgSi mdgomareobda: vinc ari iyo pirvel klasSi
inteleqtualurad skolisaTvis mzad, moumwifebeli iyo maTi fsiqikuri
funqciebi, unda hqonodaT Sefaseba 2 an 3, xolo isini vinc
72
inteleqtualurad mzad iyvnen skolisaTvis – 4 an 5. saskolo warmatebis
ganmsazRvrelad aviReT saSualo moswreba 3 sagnis mixedviT (qarTuli,
maTematika, ucxo ena)
inteleqtualurad moumwifebeli da momwifebuli bavSvebis
Sedarebisas miviReT, rom X2=4,55; p<0,05 . mocemul jgufebs Soris
gansxvaveba sandoa, xolo r = 0,514.
amiT Cveni hipoTeza dadasturda. bavSvebi, romlebic pirvel klasSi
ar iyvnen mzad inteletualurad skolisaTvis, Semdeg klasebSi
Rebuloben Sefasebas 2 an 3, xolo moswavleebi, romlebic
inteleqtualurad mzad iyvnen skolisaTvis – Sefasebas 4 an 5.
zemoT TqmulTan dakavSirebiT gavakeTeT daskvna: moswavleebs,
romlebis pirvel klasSi saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi ar iyvnen
inteleqtualurad mzad skolisaTvis (ar hqondaT saTanadod
momwifebuli fsiqikuri funqciebi) wlis bolosTvis rCebaT problemebi
SemecnebiT sferoSi, rac maT akademiur moswrebazec aisaxeba.
mocemul kvlevaze dayrdnobiT gadavwyviteT ufro did SerCevaze
gvekvlia pirveklaselTa fsiqologiuri mzaoba skolisaTvis.
kvleva Catarda 244 pirvelklaselze, romelTagan 122 gogonaa, 116
vaJi asaki 5-7 welia. kvlevis Sedegebi damuSavda kompiuteruli
statistikuri programiT SPSS. miviReT Semdegi Sedegebi:
skolisaTvis inteleqtualurad moumwifebeli aRmoCnda moswavleTa
38%, xolo momwifebuli 62%
gogonebs Soris skolisaTvis inteleqtualurad moumwifebeli
aRmoCnda moswavleTa 34%, xolo inteleqtualurad mzad 66%.
vaJebs Soris inteleqtualurad moumwifebeli aRmoCnda 44%, xolo
inteleqtualurad momwifebuli 56%
5 wlianebs Soris skolisaTvis moumwifebeli aRmoCnda 67%, xolo
33% aRmoCnda skolisaTvis mzad.
6 wlianebs Soris skolisaTvis moumwifebeli 34% aRmoCnda, xolo
66% aRmoCnda inteleqtualurad mzad skolisaTvis.
7 wlianebis 30% aRmoCnda skolisaTvis inteleqtualurad
moumwifebuli, xolo 70% aRmoCnda mzad.
73
5 wlianebis jgufis Sedarebisas 6-7 wlian bavSvebTan miviReT, rom
X2=12,858, p=0,000 (gansxvaveba sandoa).
motivaciuri sferos kvlevisas miviReT Semdegi Sedegebi:
moswavleTa 55% aRmoaCnda dominanturi TamaSis motivi, xolo 55%
dominanturi aRmoCnda swavlis motivi. gogonebs Soris 37% dominanturi
aRmoaCnda TamaSis motivi, xolo 63% swavlis motivi.
vaJebTan 55% daminanturi TamaSis motivi aRmoaCnda, xolo 45%
swavlis motivi.
5 wlianebis jgufSi 65% aRmoCnda dominanturi TamaSis motivi,
xolo 35% swavlis motivi.
6 wlianebis 41% aRmoCnda dominanturi TamaSis motivi, xolo 59%
swavlis motivi.
7 wlianebis 38% aRmoCnda dominanturi TamaSis motivi, xolo 62%
swavlis motivi. (5 da 6, 7 wliani bavSvebis jgufis Sedarebisas miviReT
_ X2 =5,155; p =0,000 (mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa)
“TanamSromlobis unaris kvlevisas miviReT Semdegi Sedegebi:
TanamSromloba ver SeZlo pirvelklaselTa 64%, xolo 36%
davalebas warmatebiT gaarTva Tavi.
gogonebis 57% ver SesZlo TanamSromloba, xolo 43% mocemuli
meTodikas warmatebiT gaarTva Tavi.
vaJebis 70% ver SeZlo TanamSromloba, 30% gaarTva davalebas Tavi.
rac Seexeba asakobriv jgufebs:
5 wlianebis 77% ver SeZlo TanamSromloba mxolod 23% gaarTva
Tavi.
6 wlianebis 61% SeZlo TanamSromloba, xolo 39% ver SeZlo.
7 wlianebis 56% SeZlo TanamSromloba, xolo 44% ver SeZlo.
5 wlianebis 6-7 wlianebTan SedarebiT miviReT, X2=5,629 p <0,02,
amitom, mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa.
nebelobiTi sferos kvlevisas, meTodika “saxlis” Sesrulebisas
Semdegi Sedegebi miviReT:
moswavleTa 39% ver SeZlo mocemuli davalebis Sesruleba, xolo
SesZlo 61%.
74
mocemuli davalebis Sesruleba ver SesZlo gogonebis 34%,
Seasrula 66%.
ver Seasrula vaJebis 44%, Seasrula 56%.
asakobriv jgufebSi
5 wlianebis 63% ver SeZlo nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba, mxolod
37% SesZlo.
6 wlianebis 33% ver SeZlo nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba, xolo
SesZlo 67%.
7 wlianebis 31% ver SeZlo mocemuli davalebis Sesruleba, SesZlo
69%.
5 da 6, 7 wlianebis Sedarebisas miviReT: X2=11,451, p =0,000 mocemul
jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa.
meTodika “ki da ra ar Tqvas” Sedegebi:
mocemuli davalebis Sesruleba ver SesZlo pirvelklaselTa 75%
SesZlo mxolod 25%.
gogonebs Soris mocemuli davalebis Sesruleba ver SesZlo
moswavleTa 70%, SesZlo mxolod 30%.
vaJebs Soris mocemuli davalebis Sesruleba ver SeZlo 81% SeZlo
mxolod 19%.
5 wlianebis jgufSi wesebis gaTvaliswineba ver SesZlo moswavleTa
94%, SesZlo mxolod 6%
6 wlianebis jgufSi wesebis ver gaTvaliswina moswavleTa 71%,
wesebid aicva mxolod 29%.
7 wlianebis jgufSi wesebi ver daicva moswavleTa 62%, xolo
daicva mxolod 38% 5 da 6, 7 wlianebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom X2=4,461,
p <0,05. jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa. amiT Cveni pirveli hipoTeza
dadasturda. pirvelklaselTa garkveuli nawili ar aris mzad
skolisaTvis arc inteleqtualuri da arc pirovnuli TvalsazrisiT 5
wlis bavSvebis umravlesoba skolisaTvis moumwifebelia.
amis Semdeg Cven gvainteresebda, SenarCunebulia Tu ara disharmonia
skolisaTvis inteleqtualur mzaobasa da socialur pirovnul mzaobas
Soris. eadgan, S. CxartiSvilis mosazrebiT skolamdeli asakis bavSvebis
75
socialur-pirovnuli ganviTarebis saSualo tempi CamorCeba maTi
inteleqtualuri ganviTarebis saSualo temps.
amisaTvis g. viclakis testis monacemebi SevadareT n. gutkinasmier
SemuSavebuli programis TiToeuli meTodikis monacemebs.
miviReT Semdegi Sedegebi.
I g. vitclakis testis monacemebi SevadareT motivaciuri sferos
kvlevis monacemebs.
miviReT Semdegi Sedegi: maT Soris, vinc inteleqtualurad ar iyo
mzad saskolo swavlebisaTvis 76%-s wamyvani aRmoCnda TamaSis motivi,
xolo 24%-s swavlis motivi maT Soris, vinc inteleqtualurad mzad iyo
saskolo swavlebis, TamaSis motivi dominanturi aRmoaCnda moswavleTa
15% xolo swavlis motivi – 85%-s.
(r =0,607 )
aRmoCnda, rom moswavleTa umravlesobas, vinc inteleqtualurad
mzad iyo saskolo swavlebisaTvis dominanturi swavlis motivi hqonda,
xolo maT, vinc ar iyvnen inteleqtualurad mzad – TamaSis motivi.
amis Semdeg inteleqtualuri mzaobis monacemebi SevadareT
“TanamSromlobis unaris” kvlevis Sedegebs.
maT Soris, vinc inteleqtualurad ar iyo mzad saskolo
swavlebisas, TanamSromlob ver SesZlo moswavleTa 88%, SeZlo
moswavleTa 12%. xolo maT Soris, vinc inteleqtualurad mzad iyo
saskolo swavlebisas, TanamSromloba ver SeZlo moswavleTa 47%, xolo
SeZlo 53% ( r=0,418, ). amgvarad, mocemul SemTxvevaSi dafiqsirda kavSiri
inteleqtualur mzaobasa da TanamSrormlobis unars Soris. es
korelacia zomieria.
inteleqtualur mzaobasa da meTodika “saxlis” monacemebis
Sedarebisas miviReT, rom msmenelTa Soris, romlebic inteleqtualurad
ar iyvnen mzad skolisaTvis, nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba ver SesZles
moswavleTa 80%, SesZles mxolod 20%. inteleqtualurad momwifebul
bavSvebs Soris nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba ver SeZles moswavleTa 18%-ma
SeZles 82% (r=0,597 p=0,000) mocemul SemTxvevaSic dafiqsirda
karelacia inteleqtualur mzaobasa da normis mixedviT moqmedebis
unars Soris.
76
da bolos, inteleqtualuri mzaobasa da meTodis `ki da ara ar
Tqva~ Sedarebisas, romelic wesebis mixedviT moqmedebis unars iTvlis
miviReT, rom maT Soris vinc inteleqtualurad ar iyo mzad saskolo
swavlebisaTvis 98%-ma ver SesZlo wesebis dacva, xolo SesZlo mxolod
2%-ma.
maT Soris vinc inteelqtualurad mzad iyvnen skolisaTvis 53%-ma
ver SeZlo mocemuli davalebis Sesruleba da SesZlo mxolod 47-ma
procentma. inteleqtualur mzaobasa da wesebis mixedviT momqmedebis
unaris kvlevis Sedarebisas miviReT r=0.483; p=0.000 mocmeul SemTxvevaSic
dafiqsirda korelacia inteleqtualur mzaobasa da wesebis dacviT
moqmedebis unars Soris.
oTxive SemTxvevaSi korelacia sandoa, amitom SegviZlia davaskvnaT,
rom moswavleebs romelbic inteleqtualurad mzad arian saskolo
swavlebisaTvis wamyvani saswavlo motivi aqvT. SeuZlia TanatolebTan
TanamSromloba, maswavlebis intruqciis gageba, wesebis gaTvaliswineba
da nimuSis mixedviT xelmZRvaneloba. rac Seexeba moswavleebs, romlebic
mzad ar arian saskolo swavlebisaTvis maTTvis wamyvani TamaSis motivia,
maT uWirT TanatolebTan TanamSromloba, maswavlebli sinstruqciis
gageba da nimuSiT xelmZRvaneloba.
faqtoruli analizis mTavari komponentebis meTodiT SevadareT g.
vitclakis testis `skolaSi swavlebis unaris~ monacemebi n. gutkinas
diagnostikuri programis `6-7 wlis bavSvebis saskolo swavlebisadmi
mzaobis gansazRvris~ meTodikebis monacemebs.
miviReT, rom mocemul meTodikebs da g. vitclakis testis monacemebs
Soris maRali SeTanxmebulobaa da SegviZlia miviCnioT erT faqtorad.
mocemul faqtors SegviZlia vuwodoT skolisaTvis fsiqologiuri
mzaobis faqtori. SeTanxmebulobas xsnis gafantulobis (dispersiis 58%)
(cxrili #2).
77
skolisaTvis fsiqologiuri mzaobis faqtori
cxrili #2
amis Semdeg kvlav faqtoruli analizis mTavari komponentebis
meTodiT SevadareT d. vitclakis testis monacemebi n. gutkinas
programis meTodikebis monacemebs calke eqsperimentuli jgufisa da
calke sakontrolo jgufisaTvis. eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo
jgufis SigniTac mocemul meTodikebs Soris maRali SeTanxmebuloba
dafiqsirda. mocemuli testis da meTodikebis Sedegebi SegviZlia erT
faqtorad miviCnioT. eqsperimentul jgufSi SeTanxmebulobas sxnis
gafantuloba (disperiis) 54%, xolo sakontrolo jgufSi _ 55% (ix.
cxili #3).
skolisaTvis fsiqologiuri mzaobis faqtori eqsperimentuli
jgufisaTvis cxrili #3
eqsperimentuli jgufi SeTanxmebuloba
inteleqtualuri mzaoba 0.794
dominanturi motivis kvleva 0.784
TanamSromlobis unaris kvleva 0.756
nimuSis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris kvleva 0.763
wesebis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris kvleva 0.818
parametrebi SeTanxmebuloba
inteleqtualuri mzaoba 0.746
dominanturi motivis kvleva 0.759
TanamSromlobis unaris kvleva 0.761
nimuSis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris kvleva 0.720
wesebis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris kvleva 0.806
78
skolisaTvis fsiqologiuri mzaobis faqtori sakontrolo
jgufisaTvis cxrili #4
sakontrolo jgufi SeTanxmebuloba
inteleqtualuri mzaoba 0.651
dominanturi motivis kvleva 0.742
TanamSromlobis unaris kvleva 0.768
nimuSis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris kvleva 0.686
wesebis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris kvleva 0.792
Cveni kvlevis Sedegad ar dafiqsirda disharmonia inteleqtualur
mzaobasa da socialur pirovnul mzaobas Soris.
amrigad: 1. pirvelklaselTa didi nawili aRmoCnda inteleqtualurad
mzad saskolo swavlebisaTvis;
2. pirvelklaselTa umravlesobisTvis domonanturi swavlis motivi
aRmoCnda;
3. pirvelklaselTa umravlesobas uWirs TanamSromloba;
4. nimuSis mixedviT muSoaba SesZlo pirvelklaselTa umtesobam;
5. ufrosis mier miwodebuli instruqciis gageba da gaTvaliswineba
gauWirda pirvelklaselTa umtesobas;
6. xuTwlianebis umravlesoba skolisaTvis socialurad
moumwifebelia, xuTwlianebis umravlesobisaTvis dominanturi
TamaSis motivia, isini ver axerxeben TanamSromlobas, uWirT nimuSis
mixedviT muSaoba da wesebis dacva.
amitom rekomendirebulia skolis pirvelklasSi im bavSvebis miReba,
romlebsac eqvsi weli pirvel seqtembramde SeusruldebaT.
moswavleebi, romlebic inteleqtualurad mzad arian skolisaTvis,
wamyvani saswavlo motivi aqvT SeuZliaT TanatolebTan TanamSromloba,
maswavleblis instruqciis gageba, wesebis gaTvaliswineba da nimuSiT
xelmZRvaneloba.
rac Seexeba moswavleebs, romlebic ar arian inteleqtualurad mzad
skolisaTvis maTvis wamyvani TamaSis motivebia maT uWirT TanamSromloba
TanatolebTan, wesebis dacva da nimuSiT xelmZRvaneloba.
79
mocemul kvlevebze dayrdnobiT Cven gadavwyviteT
pirvlklaselTaTvis SegvemuSavebina damxmare programa ganmaviTarebli
gakveTilebis saxiT. pirvelklaselTa umravlesobas gauWirda wesebis
gaTvalsiwinebiT muSaoba. (wesebis mixedviT muSaobis unari moiazrebs
nebismier yuradRebas, nebismier mexsierebas, moqmedebis nebismier
regulacias) da TanatolebTan TanamSromloba. xolo skolasi swavla
moiTxovs gakveTilis reJimis dacvas, maswavleblis miTiTebis
Sesrulebas da yovelive es TanatolTa wreSi mimdinareobs. amitom
udavoa, rom mocemuli unarebi mniSvnelovania swavlisaTvis. g. viclakis
testis monacemebis analizis Sedegad gamovyaviT is subtestebi,
romlebSic gamokvleuli bavSvebis umravlesobam dabali qulebi miiRo.
gamokvleuli pirvelklaselebis 78%-ma dabali qulebi miiRes im
subtestebSi, romlebic ikvlevs raodenobrivi simboloebiT operirebis
unars (figurebis daSla, martivi ariTmetikuli operaciebi) 55%-ma
dabali Sefaseba im subtestSi miiRo, romlebic nebismier mexsierebas
ikvlevs, xolo 53%-ma dabali qula feris da formis diferenciaciis
unaris sakvlev subteqstSi miiRo (mocemuli davalebis Seruleba
nebismieri yuradRebis da logikuri azrovnebis Sesabamisi donis gareSe
SeuZlebelia). danarCeni subtestebi jgufis umravlesobam kargad
Seasrula.
rodesac calke gamovyaviT skolisaTvis moumwifebeli bavSvebis
jgufi aRmoCnda, rom maTi 90% dabal qulas Rebulobs im subtestSi,
romelic nebismier mexsierebas ikvlevs. 92%-i dabal qulas im
subtestebSi Rebulobs, romelic raodenobrivi simravleebiT operirebis
unaris ikvlevs, xolo 73%-i dabal qulas Rebulobs im subtestebSi,
romlebic ikvlevs formebis diferenciaciis unars da yuradRebas.
moswavleTa 70% dabal qulas im subtestebSi Rebulobs, romelic zogad
gaTvicnobierebas ikvlevs 75% ver axdens operirebas im subtestebSi,
romelic fanqriTa da pastiT muSoabis unars ikvlevs. Tu gavixsenebT,
rom skolisaTvis inteleqtualurad moumwifebeli bavSvebTan TamaSis
motivebia, maT uWirT TanatolebTan TanamSromloba, nimuSisa da wesebiT
xelmZRvaneloba, amitom maTTvis skolaSi Sesvla mudmivi
warumateblobis dasawyisia. vinaidan skolaSi swavla aucileblad
80
gulisxmobs nebismieri yuradRebis, mexsierebis zogadi gaTvicnobierebis
garkveul dones, wesebis dacvis da TanamSromlobis unaris arsebobas
amitom ganmaviTarebuli gakveTilebis SemuSavebisas miznad davisaxeT
bavSvebisaTvis ara weris, kiTxvisa da angariSis swavleba, aramed
pirvelklaselTa motivaciuri, nebelobiTi, inteleqtualuri sferos
ganviTareba saskolo mzaobis doneze.
vinaidan saqarTveloSi skola ZiriTadad Rebulobs yvela bavSvs,
romelic mas gancxadebiT mimarTavs amitom Cveni gakveTilebi SevitaneT
pirveli klasis programaSi. gankveTilis xargrZlivoba 40 wT. iyo
gakveTils kviraSi orjer vatarebdiT, jgufSi gvyavda 16-16 moswavle,
programaSi gaviTvaliswineT Semdegi principebi:
1. fsiqikuri procesebis ganviTareba unda momxdariyo bavSvis
motivaciuri sferos ganviTarebis da gardaqmnis xarjze.
2. bavSvisaTvis midgoma unda yofiliyo subieqturi?
3. unda yofiliyo gaTvaliswinebuli bavSvis ganviTarebis
aqtualuri done
4. mecadineobebi unda Catarebuli iyo TamaSis saxiT, raTa
monawileebi aqtiurad yofiliyvnen CarTulni (asakobrivi
periodizaciis Teoriis Tanaxmad 5-6 wlis bavSvi skolandel
asaks miekuTvneba, xolo skolamdelisaTvis wamyvani
saqmianoba _ TamSia).
5. bavSvebisadmi damokidebuleba unda yofiliyo
keTilganwyobili da megobruli
6. didi yuradReba unda daTmoboda pirvelklaselis mier
sakuTari samuSaos damoukideblad Sefasebis unars.
mocemuli punqtis dazusteba CavTvaleT saWirod. SefasebaSi ar
igulismxmeba niSani, aramed igulisxmeba Sesrulebuli samuSaos
sityvieri analizi da Sefaseba. mecadineobis sawyis etapze ufrosi TviT
uxsnis bavSvs ra gamovida kargad da ra ara, oRond mocemuli Sefaseba
keTilganwyobili toniT mimdinareobs. Semdeg fsiqologi calkeul
bavSvTan erTad afasebs samuSaos Sedegs, xolo gakveTilebis dros
moswavle TviTn aanalizebs samuSaos Sesrulebis xarisxss. sakuTari
samuSaos Sefasebis unaris ganviTareba xel uwyobs bavSvis
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TviTkontrolis ganviTarebas. aucilebelia SevCerdeT jgufis
warmmarTveli fsiqologis donezec. is unda iyos jgufis emocionaluri
donori, romelic gauRvivebs bavSvebs interess, SeTavazebuli davalebis
da TamaSobebis mimarT.
Cems mier SemuSavebuli ZiriTadi meTodikebi miznad isaxavda
nebismier moqmedebisa da SemecnebiTi motivebis ganviTarebas, xolo
aqedan mis xarjze sxvadasxva fsiqikuri procesebis (azrovnebis,
mexsierebis, yuradRebis) ganviTarebas zogadad.
saswavlo motivaciis da nebelobis ganviTareba Zalian mniSvnelovania,
radgan es aZlevs SesaZleblobas skolisaTvis moumwifebel bavSvebs
gauRvivdeT muSaobis da raimis swavlis survili.
bavSvi ibadeba axali STabeWdilebebis miRebis surviliT. l.
boJoviCi mocemul survils miiCnevda bavSvis fsiqikis mamoZravebel
Zalad. axali STabeWdilebebis miRebis moTxovnileba _ es Semecnebis
moTxovnilebaa. bazisuria moTxovnileba, romelic yvela adamianisaTvis
aris damaxasiaTebeli, oRond yvelasTan sxvadasxva doziTaa
gamovlenili. gamovlenis doza damokidebulia misi dakmayofilebis
xarisxze. bavSvebs, romlebic bavSvobaSi ar Rebulobdnen ufrosebTan
urTierTobis saWiro dozas, romelic daakmayofilebda da maTi
Semecnebis moTxovnilebis stimulacias moaxdenda, mocemuli
moTxovnileba CanasaxSive rCebaT ganuviTarebeli, magram sruliad ar
ekargebaT.
Cveni ganmaviTarebeli gakveTilebis ZiriTadi amocana iyo
SemecnebiTi motivaciis, nebelobis formireba, da masze dayrdnobiT
bavSvis SemecnebiTi funqciebis ganviTareba.
ganmaviTarebel meTodikas eqsperimentis saxe aqvs da eyrdnoba
Semdeg mosazrebebs.
1) SemecnebiTi motivaciisa da nebelobis xelovnurad
gansaviTareblad SeiZleba gamoviyenoT situacia, romelSic xdeba
ufrosebTan pozitiuri urTierTobis da axali STabeWdilebebis miRebis
moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba. axali STabeWdilebebis miRebis survili
bazisuri moTxovnilebaa, romelic safuZvlad udevs bavSvis fsiqikis
ganviTarebas. ufrosebTan dadebiTi emocionaluri urTierTobis
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moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad bavSvebi SemecnebiT aqtivobas
axorcieleben, Semdeg ki dgeba momenti, roca moqmedebis Sedegi (anu
miznis miRweva), ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba bavSvebisaTvis, vidre is
motivi, romelmac maT moqmedebisken ubiZga. am dros xdeba motivis
gadatana mizanze (meqanizmi aRwerilia a. leontievis mier (leontievi
1972 : 554) da axali motivis Seqmna. mocemul SemTxvevaSi axali motivi
SemecnebiTi motivia, radgan moqmedeba (mizani) SemecnebasTanaa
dakavSirebuli.
2) nebismieri moqmedebis ganviTarebasTan erTad aucilebelia
motivaciis arseboba, romelic bavSvs ubiZgebs moqmedebisas miaRwios
dadebiT Sedegs. amgvar motivaciad SeiZleba ufrosTan dadebiTi
emocionaluri urTierToba moviazroT, romlis miRweva mas davalebis
xarisxianad SesrulebiT SeuZlia, xolo davalebis xarisxianad
Sesruleba SesaZlebelia sakuTari Zalebis marTviT, anu sakuTari
impulsurobis daZleviT da nebelobis gamovleniT. aqac nebismieri
moqmedeba stimulirdeba SemecnebiTi motiviT, romelic mas davalebis
warmatebiT Sesrulebisken ubiZgebs.
Cvens mier SemuSavebuli proeqtis zogierTi TamaSi jgufebs Soris
Sejibris saxiT mimdinareobda, mogebas ki Tavisi emociuri elferi
axlavs. mogeba mxolod TamaSis wesebis dacviTaa SesaZlebeli, rac
gulisxmobs nebismieri moqmedebis ganxorcielebas. amgvari TamaSis dros
bavSvis moqmedebac nebismieria: is isaxavs da aRwevs mizans _ aRniSnuli
qceva ki gamarjvebisa da Seqebis surviliTaa gamowveuli. gamarjvebis
survili aTmagia, roca TamaSis saboloo mizani ara gundi, aramed
konkretuli adamianis gamarjvebaa. TamaSSi gamarjvebisas ar viyenebdiT
materialur prizebs, viyenebdiT mxolod emocionalur Seqebas da
milocvas, rogorc fsiqologis, ise bavSvebis mxridan. saWiroa
avRniSnoT, rom Sejibris specialurad Seqmnili garemo TiToeul bavSvs
SesaZleblobas aZlevs ganicados gamarjvebis sixaruli.
gamarjvebis motivi sabolood dakavSirebuli xdeba bavSvis dadebiT
emociebTan da axal STabeWdilebebTan, romlis gancdac mas xelaxla
surs.
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TamaSSi gamarjveba es aris davalebis xarisxianad Sesruleba, xolo
amisaTvis aucilebelia fsiqikuri procesis nebismieri marTvis
ganviTareba, iqneba es aRqma, yuradReba, mexsiereba, azrovneba da sxva.
saWiroa avRniSnoT, rom ZiriTadad viyenebdiT TamaSebs da
davalebebs, romlebic moiazrebs fsiqikuri funqciebis ganviTarebas.
gamarjvebuli xdeba is monawile, romelsac kargad SeuZlia dakvirveba,
daxsomeba, logikuri azrovneba. bavSvi asrulebs davalebebs imisaTvis,
rom gaimarjvos, daikmayofilos Seqebisa da gamarjvebis moTxovnileba.
gamarjvebisas ki mas eqmneba dadebiTi STabeWdileba sakuTar Tavze,
uCndeba sakuTari Zalebis rwmena. faqtiurad xdeba TviTcnobierebisa da
motivaciuri sferos ganviTareba.
TamaSebSi monawileobisas sawyisi motivi Seqebis da axali
STabeWdilebebis miRebis moTxovnilebaa. es iwvevs axali motivebis
formirebas. Cvens SemTxvevaSi axali motivi maSin formirdeba, roca
bavSvi axal STabeWdilebebs iRebs kargad Sesrulebuli samuSaos Semdeg.
Seqebis moTxovnileba adgils uTmobs axali STabeWdilebis miRebis
moTxovnilebas da sabolood xdeba axali moTxovnilebebis, SemecnebiTi
moTxovnilebebis formireba. SemecnebiTi moTxovnileba gamovlenili
davalebis kargad Sesrulebis procesSi, aZlevs bavSvs SesaZleblobas,
ganicados axali STabeWdileba da aimaRlos TviTSefaseba. amgvarad,
Tavdapirvelad bavSvi kargad asrulebs davalebas gamarjvebis survilis
gamo, Semdeg ki Sejibris situacias ekargeba mamoZravebeli Zala da
bavSvisaTvis ukve saintereso xdeba davalebis kargad Sesrulebis
survili. Semdeg ukve davaleba iwvevs moqmedebas. bavSvs uCndeba survili,
rom mosinjos sakuTari Tavi axali davalebis SesrulebaSi: magram am
dros fsiqologi unda iyos bavSvis gverdiT, daexmaros mas da waaqezos,
raTa warumateblobam ar daCrdilos miRebuli Sedegi.
Cven vvaraudobdiT, rom ganmaviTarebeli gakveTilebis Sedegad
bavSvebs unda ganviTarebodaT Semecnebis, miRwevis, farTo socialuri
motivebi, rac qmnis kidec saswavlo motivacias. mocemuli davalebis
warmatebiT Sesrulebisken swrafvisas bavSvebis fsiqikuri procesebi
unda gamxdariyo nebismieri, rac SesaZleblobas miscemda
pirvelklasels, gamoevlina nebismieri moqmedeba swavlis procesSi.
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magram aq Cndeba kiTxva. rogor moxdeba swavlis procesisaTvis
saWiro nebismieri moqmedebis ganviTareba, roca ganmaviTarebeli
gakveTilebi mxolod TamaSebisagan, saxatavi da da gasafeTradebeli
TamaSobebisagan Sedgeba. magram, mocemuli davalebebis Sesruleba
moiazrebs miznis dasaxvas, miznis miRwevas da sakuTari moqmedebis
kontrols. Cvens mier Sedgenil programaSi SevitaneT Semdegi tipis
TamaSebi:
1) TamaSebi, mimarTuli yuradRebisa da mexsierebis ganviTarebisken;
2) TamaSebi, mimarTuli sivrceSi orientirebis unaris ganviTarebisken;
3) TamaSebi wesebiT;
4) TamaSebi, mimarTuli bavSvebis msxvili da wvrili motorikis
ganviTarebisken;
5) logikuri TamaSebi;
6) TamaSebi, mimarTuli fonemuri smenis ganviTarebisken;
7) TamaSebi, mimarTuli TanamSromlobis unaris ganviTarebisken;
8) TamaSebi, mimarTuli TvalTaxedvis ganviTarebisa da leqsikuri
maragis gamdidrebisken.
aqve saWiroa yuradReba SevaCeroT Cvens mier SemuSavebul
davalebebze, romlebic efuZneba bavSvis survils, miiRos axali
STabeWdilebebi, daikmayofilos cnobismoyvareobis grZnoba, miiRos
ufrosisgan Seqeba.
davalebebis garkveuli nawili (sul 11 davaleba) waarmoadgens d.
elkoninis mier Sedgenili meTodikis “grafikuli karnaxis garTulebul
variants”. ornamentis magivrad bavSvebi xataven cxovelebs, frinvelebs,
adamianis gamosaxulebebs, oRond maT ar ician, Tu ra gamova sabolood.
bavSvebi cnobismoyvareobis dakmayofilebisaTvis axdenen sakuTari
Zalebis aqtivacias. amitom, davaleba romelic pirvelklaselisgan did
Zalisxmevas da moqmedebis nebismier regulacias moiTxovs, misTvis
Zalian saxaliso da sainteresoa. davaleba dadebiTi emocionaluri
muxtiT mimdinareobs.
igive princips emyareba gasaferadebeli meTodikebi (sul 16
davaleba), sadac geometriuli figurebisa da sxvadasxva detalebis
gaferadeba sxvadasxva wesiT xdeba.
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davalebas bolomde da swored Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSi ikveTeba
sxvadasxva sagnebis, cxovelebis gamosaxulebebi.
Cvens mier SemuSavebuli me-3 tipis davaleba aris kvlav
gasaferadebeli, oRond aq naxati winaswar mocemulia. naxati sxvadasxva
detalebisagan Sedgeba. detalebSi ki ariTmetikuli operaciebia
Cawerili. furcelze miTiTebulia cifrebi, TiTo cifrs TiTo feri
Seesatyviseba. mocemuli davalebis Sesruleba Semdegi wesiT
mimdinareobs. bavSvma jer unda daiangariSos, Semdeg naxos, Tu ra feri
Seesatyviseba ariTmetikuli operaciis Sedegad miRebul cifrs da
mxolod amis Semdeg Seasrulos davaleba. muSaobisas bavSvs amoZravebs
interesi, Tu rogoria mocemuli naxatis dasrulebuli saxe da
davalebis swored Sesrulebis motivi.
mocemuli davalebebis sworad Sesrulebis SeTxvevaSi bavSvs
Sefasebas Seqebis saxiT vaZlevdiT. rveulSi vuwerdiT sityvas “yoCaR”,
xolo Secdomis SemTxvevaSi “yoCaRis” gverdiT vwerdiT minus niSans, Tan
bavSvTan erTad varCevdiT Secdomebs (gagrZeleba).
_ TamaSs vatarebdiT rogorc Sejibris formiT, ise mis gareSe. didi
mniSvneloba aqvs TamaSebisa da davalebebis Sinaarss, vinaidan maTi
meSveobiT viTardeba bavSvis fsiqikuri funqciebi: azrovneba, mexsiereba,
yuradReba, metyveleba. TamaSebis nawili Cems mier aris Sedgenili,
nawili xalxuri TamaSebia, nawili ki safrangeTis skolebSi danergili
didaqtikuri TamaSebis mixedviTaa Seqmnili (axuaSvili 2000 : 170,
bomoni 1993 : 5-30, loreni 1998 : 10-40, labartyava 2004 : 15)
.
2.2. TamaSebi da davalebebi, romlebsac viyenebT
ganmaviTarebel gakveTilebSi
GganmaviTarebeli gakveTilebi iwyeba martivi wesebiani TamaSiT.
TamaSi ori gundis Sejibris formiT mimdinareobs.
1. mizani: wesebis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris, yuradRebis, mexsierebisa
da moqmedebis nebismieri regulaciis ganviTareba. TamaSis
xangrZlivoba 20-30 wuTia.
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wamyvani sTxovs, rom bavSvebma gaimeoron misi moZraobebi im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu moZraobas Tan axlavs sityva ”mze”.
Tu bavSvebi naklebi interesiT arian TamaSSi CarTuli, wamyvani
xelovnurad romelime gundis gamarjvebis situacias qmnis. aseT
SemTxvevaSi meore gundis wevrebi TamaSis situaciaSi meti interesiT
erTvebian. TandaTan gundis wevrebi iwyeben Tavisi gundis wevrebis
gakontrolebas. imarjvebs is gundi, romelmac naklebi Secdoma dauSva.
gamarjveba wamyvanis mier SeqebiT da milocviT aRiniSneba.
2. mizani: yuradRebis, mexsierebis, sityvieri maragis ganviTareba. TamaSis
xangrZlivoba 15-20 wT.
TamaSi kvlav gundebs Soris Sejibris saxiT mimdinareobs. TamaSis
dawyebamde bavSvebi irCeven wamyvanis mier damzadebul baraTebs,
“mzeebisa” da “varskvlavebis” gamosaxulebebiT. mocemuli aqtivoba
mimarTulia SemTxveviTi SerCevis Seqmnisaken, raTa ar Camoyalibdes
gundi, romelic mudam moigebs da meore mudam wagebuli darCeba.
wamyvani bavSvebs aZlevs Semdeg instruqcias. moismineT Cems mier
wakiTxuli sityvebi da xeli aswieT maSin, rodesac yvavilis
saxelwodebas gaigonebT. wamyvani kiTxulobs daaxloebiT 30 sityvas,
romlis 50% yvavilebis saxelebia. Tu aRmoCnda iseTi saxelwodeba,
romelic bavSvebma ar ician, wamyvani ameorebinebs mocemul sityvas
(SesaZloa anaxos is naxatis saxiT, miawodos mis Sesaxeb informacia).
imarjvebs is gundi, romelmac naklebi Secdoma dauSva.
mocemuli davalebis Sesrulebisas SesaZloa reagireba moaxdinon
Sinaur cxovelze, gareul cxovelze, frinvelze, profesiis aRmniSvnel
sityvebze.
SesaZloa mocemuli davalebis garTuleba: monawileebma xeli
aiwion yvavilis dasaxelebaze, taSi Semohkran cxovelis dasaxelebis
dros.
3. mizani: yuradRebis, mexsierebis, fonetikuri smenis ganviTareba.
TamaSi 2 gundis Sejibris saxiT mimdinareobs. wamyvani ukiTxavs
instruqcias: adeqiT fexze mxolod maSin, rodesac wavikiTxav m-asoze
dawyebul sityvebs. (SesaZloa nebismieri asos gamogoneba), an aiwieT xeli
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maSin, roca amovikiTxav sityvas, romelic aso a-ze mTavrdeba. imarjvebs
is gundi, romelmac naklebi Secdoma dauSva.
4. mizani: TviTprezentaciis unaris, mexsierebis, azrovnebis
ganmaviTarebeli meTodika: (mofiqrebulia Cems mier)
wamyvani dafaze kidebs plakats, romelzec 6 cifri aris dawerili.
TiToeuli davalebis Sesabamisi aqtivoba Seesatyviseba. mocemuli
aqtivobebia: 1) leqsis Tqma; 2) xatva dafaze; 3) askinkila 20-jer; 4) 5
frinvelis dasaxeleba; 5) 5 cxovelis dasaxeleba; 6) magaliTis amoxsna
(an cekvis ileTis Sesruleba, sasacilo istoriis an zRapris moyola).
wamyvani bavSvebidan irCevs erT-erTs, romelic klasTan zurgiT
dgeba. wamyvani miuTiTebs romelime bavSvze da ekiTxeba _ gamoviZaxo?
(bavSvma ar icis, Tu visze xdeba miTiTeba) da ambobs “ki” an “ara”.
Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi asaxelebs cifrs.
gamoZaxebuli bavSvi asrulebs mocemul davalebas. uaris
SemTxvevaSi gamodis msurveli da mis magivrad asrulebs. davalebis
dasrulebis Semdeg klasi taSs ukravs mas. Semdeg es bavSvi dgeba
zurgiT da xdeba sxva bavSvis gamoZaxeba.
Tu zogierTi susti bavSvi Tavidan mxolod askinkilaze
Tanxmdeboda, Semdeg sxva davalebebsac asrulebdnen. imdenad
siamovnebdaT maT aplodismentebi da maswavleblebis Seqeba.
5. mizani nebismieri moqmedebis, yuradRebis koncentraciis unaris
ganviTareba. (TamaSi Cawerilia qarTlSi n. SiSniaSvilis mier).
wamyvani klasis SuagulSi dgams skams, romelzedac jdeba
romelime monawile. niSanze “Tendeba” (wamyvani uCvenebs baraTs “mzis”
gamosaxulebiT”) danarCeni monawileebi baZaven “wiwilebs”. niSanze
“Ramdeba” (wamyvani uCvenebs mTvares). monawileebi Cerdebian im
mdgomareobaSi, romelSic niSanma mouswro. “qori” gamodis budidan da
Tvals adevnebs moTamaSeebs. romeli moTamaSec gainZreva, “qori” mas
iWers da mihyavs budeSi. niSanze “Tendeba” “qori mifrinavs budeSi”.
monawileebi, romlebic moxvdebian “qoris” budeSi, gamotoveben 1 TamaSs.
wamyvani monawileebs ulocavs gamarjvebas.
7. mizani: yuradRebis koncentraciis ganviTareba, jgufis Sekvra, an
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ubralod gantvirTva rTuli davalebis Semdeg. (Cawerilia i.
nonikaSvilis mier)
moTamaSeni oris gamoklebiT, romelTagan erTi Tagvia, meore ki
kata, erTmaneTs xels Cahkideben da wres Semoavleben. Tagvi wreSi Sedis,
kata ki gareT rCeba da dasdevs Tagvs dasaWerad. katas ar aZleven wreSi
Sesvlis nebas, Tagvi ki Tavisuflad moqmedebs. Tu katam wreSi Sesvla
moaxerxa, Tagvi gamorbis gareT meore mxridan, axla wridan aRar uSveben
katas. Tu katam Tagvi daiWira, oriveni uerTdebian wres da axali Tagvi
da kata gamoiyofa.
TamaSis wesebi: 1) wreSi Cabmuli moTamaSeni Tavisuflad atareben xelebs
qveS Tagvs, katas ki akaveben. 2) katas wreSi Sesvla SeuZlia mxolod
moTamaSeTa xelebis qvemodan.
7. mizani: yuradRebis, nebismieri moqmedebis ganviTareba (Cawerilia i.
nonikaSvilis mier).
moTamaSeni akeTeben wres. wreSi dgas wamyvanic. igi maRla aswevs
xelebs da ambobs: “kombosto”. bavSvebmac igive unda gaimeoron, Semdeg
daxris xelebs da ambobs “stafilo” (maRla aweuli, muWad Sekruli xeli
niSnavs kombostos, xolo qvemoT daxrili _ stafilos). wreSi mdgomma
moTamaSeebma unda gaimeoron wamyvanis xelebis moZraoba. is ki cdilobs
SecdomaSi Seiyvanos bavSvebi. am mizniT asaxelebs stafilos, xeliT ki
gamoxatavs kombostos da piriqiT.
wesebi: 1. moTamaSes Secdomad eTvleba, Tu wamyvanze adre gaanZrevs xels
2. moTamaSes, romelic davalebas ar Seasrulebs, TamaSidan gadis.
SeniSvna: am TamaSis variantia _ cxviri, Weri, iataki da a.S.
8. mizani: yuradRebis koncentraciis, nebismieri moqmedebis unaris
ganviTareba.
moTamaSeni qmnian or an sam koncetrirebul wres. pirobiTad
SigniTa wres hqvia “kakali”, xolo gareTA wres “kakabi”. wamyvani wreebs
gareT dgas. wamyvanis niSanze moTamaSeebi iwyeben wreze siaruls (an
orive wre erTi mimarTulebiT, an sapirispirod). Zaxilze “kakabi” gareTa
wris wevrebi Cerdebian da buqnebs akeTeben. visac SeeSleba, gadis
TamaSidan. Zaxilze “kakali” SigniTa wris moTamaSeebi Caimuxlebian.
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wesebi: moTamaSeebs ar SeuZliaT Zaxilamde gaCereba. imarjvebs is gundi,
visac meti moTamaSe rCeba.
SeniSvna: SeiZleba moTamaSe ki ar gavardes, aramed ubralod davTvaloT
im monawileTa ricxvi, visac SeeSala. imarjvebs is gundi, romelmac
naklebi Secdoma dauSva.
9. mizani: aRqmis, yuradRebis, sivrceSi orientaciis, wvrili motorikis
ganviTareba.
Cvens mier SemuSavebuli TamaSi uyrdnoba d. elkoninis mier
SemuSavebul meTodikas “grafikuli karnaxi”.
davalebis Sesasruleblad bavSvebs urigdebaT ujredebiani
rveulis furceli, romelSic winaswar wertilebia dasmuli.
instruqcia: axla Cven viswavliT sxvadasxva ornamentis xatvas. amisaTvis
Tqven yuradRebiT unda momisminoT. me getyviT, Tu romel mxares da da
ramden ujraze unda gaavloT xazi. rodesac gausmevT xazs, damicadeT,
sanam me ar getyviT, ra unda gaakeToT amis Semdeg. yoveli axali xazi
daiwyeT iqidan, sadac daasruleT wina xazis gasma. ar moaciloT fanqari
qaRalds. yvelas gvaxsovs, sad aris marjvena xeli? awieT marjvena xeli.
xedavT marjvniv Cven kari gvaqvs (vaZlevT raime realur orientirs). ase
rom, roca getyviT gaavleT xazi, Tqven avlebT karisken (ai ase, dafaze
wamyvani avlebs marjvena mxares, erT ujraze xazs). axla me gavavle erTi
xazi marjvniv, axla ki gavavlebT 2 xazs zemoT, xolo axla 3 xazs isev
marjvniv (wamyvani uCvenebs jgufs dafaze).
axla ki fanqris wveri dadeT aRniSnul wertilze. yuradRebiT,
viwyebT xatvas. erTi ujra marjvniv, erTi ujra zemoT. pirveli 2
davaleba d. elkoninis mier SemuSavebuli martivi ornamentis xatvaa.
1) erTi ujra marjvniv, erTi ujra zemoT, erTi ujra marjvniv,
erTi ujra qvemoT, erTi ujra marjvniv, erTi ujra zemoT, erTi ujra
marjvniv, erTi ujra qvemoT, erTi ujra marjvniv, erTi ujra zemoT, erTi
ujra marjvniv, erTi ujra qvemoT, erTi ujra marjvniv (miRebuli figura
ixileT danarTSi, suraTi #1).
2) 2 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra zemoT, erTi ujra marcxniv, 3 ujra
zemoT, 3 ujra marcxniv, 3 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra qvemoT,
3 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 3 ujra zemoT, 3 ujra
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marjvniv, 3 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra zemoT (miRebuli
figura ixileT danarTSi, suraTi #2).
miuxedavad mocemuli davalebis efeqturobisa, bavSvebs erTidaigive
ornamentebis xatva Zalian bezrdebaT. amisaTvis, movifiqroT figurebi.
grafikuli karnaxiT cxovelebis, frinvelebis figurebi iqmneba, bavSvebs
ki veubnebiT, rom davalebis swored Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSi, raRac
figura daixateba, axli STabeWdilebis miRebis moTxovnileba iwvevs
bavSvis Zalebis mobilizebas, raTa miiRos sasurveli figura.
cxovelebis, frinvelebis figurebi TandaTan rTuldeba.
3) 3 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 2 ujra marjvniv, 5 ujra qvemoT,
6 ujra marjvniv, 2 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marjvniv, 6 ujra qvemoT, 8 ujra
marcxniv, 7 ujra zemoT, 4 ujra marcxniv (miRebuli figura ixileT
danarTSi, suraTi #3). ra gamovida? SegiZliaT gaaferadoT. (bati).
4) 1 ujra zemoT, 2 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra
marjvniv, 1ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marjvniv, 5 ujra qvemoT, 6 ujra marjvniv,
1 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 2 ujra marjvniv, 9 ujra
qvemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 4 ujra zemoT, 6 ujra marcxniv, 4 ujra qvemoT,
1 ujra marcxniv, 9 ujra zemoT, 2 ujra marcxniv. (miRebuli figura
ixileT danarTSi, suraTi #4) (ZaRli).
5) 9 ujra zemoT, 10 ujra marjvniv, 9 ujra qvemoT, 2 ujra
marcxniv, 5 ujra zemoT, 3 ujra marcxniv, 5 ujra qvemoT, 2ujra marcxniv,
5 ujra zemoT, 2 ujra marcxniv, 5 ujra qveviT, 1 ujra marcxniv(miRebuli
figura ixileT danarTSi, suraTi #5) (spilo).
6) 4 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra zeviiT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 5 ujra zemoT, 1
ujra marjvniv, 3 ujra qveviT, 1 ujra marjvniv, 3ujra zeviT, 1 ujra
marjvniv, 5 ujra qveviT, 1ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra qveviT, 4 ujra marjvniv,
1 ujra qveviT, 3 ujra marcxniv, 6 ujra qveviT, 1 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra
marcxniv, 4 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 6 ujra zemoT, 3 ujra marcniv,
1 ujra zemoT (miRebuli figura ixileT danarTSi, suraTi #6)
(kurdReli).
7) 5 ujra marjvniv, 2 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 1
ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 2 ujra
marcniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 2 ujra marjvniv, 3 ujra zemoT, 2 ujra marjvniv,
91
1 ujra qvemoT, 2 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra
qvemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 2 ujra qvemoT,
5 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 4 ujra marcxniv, 8 ujra qvemoT, 2 ujra
marjvniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 3 ujra marcxniv, 5 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra
marcxniv, 5 ujra qvemoT, 3 ujra marcniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 2 ujra
marjvniv, 8 ujra zemoT, 4 ujra marcxniv (miRebuli figura ixileT
danarTSi, suraTi #7) (kacuna).
8) 8 ujra zemoT, 2 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 3 ujra marjvniv,
1 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marjvniv, 6 ujra qvemoT, 1ujra marjvniv, 2 ujra
zemoT, 2 ujra marjvniv, 2 ujra qvemoT, 3 ujra marjvniv,2 ujra zemoT, 2
ujra marjvniv, 2 ujra qvemoT I ujra marjvniv,4 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra
marcxniv, 6 ujra qvemoT, I ujra marcxniv, 6 ujra zemoT, 5 ujra
marcxniv, 6 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 6 ujra zemoT, 3 ujra
marcxniv (miRebuli figura ixileT danarTSi, suraTi #8) (aqlemi).
9) 4 ujra marjvniv, 2 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marjvniv, 3 ujra zemoT, 1
ujra marjvniv, 3 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marjvniv, 2 ujra zemoT, 4 ujra
marjvniv, 2 ujra qvemoT, 2 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra
marcxniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra
marjvniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 2 ujra marjvniv, I ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra
marjvniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 3 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 3 ujra
marcxniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 3 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra zemoT,1 ujra marjvniv,
1 ujra zemoT, 2 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra
zemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 2 ujra marcxniv, 2 ujra zemoT
(miRebuli figura ixileT danarTSi, suraTi #9) (pepela).
10) 1 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marjvniv, 1
ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, I ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra
qvemoT, I ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra qvemoT,
2 ujra marcxniv, 3 ujra qvemoT, 2 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 4 ujra
marjvniv, 2 ujra zemoT, 3 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marjvniv,
2 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra
qvemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 2 ujra qvemoT,
2 ujra marcxniv, 4 ujra qvemoT, 2 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra zemoT, I ujra
marjvniv, 2 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv,
92
1 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 5 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra
zemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 5 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 1
ujra marcxniv (miRebuli figura ixileT danarTSi, suraTi #10) (mamali).
11) 9 ujra zemoT, I ujra marjvniv, 6 ujra qvemoT, I ujra marjvniv, 1
ujra zemoT, 4 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 2 ujra marjvniv, 3 ujra
zemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 4 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra qvemoT,
1 ujra marjvniv, 2 ujra qvemoT, 2 ujra marcxniv, 3 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra
marcxniv, 3 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 3 ujra qvemoT, I ujra
marjvniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 3 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra
marcxniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 2 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra
marjvniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 4 ujra marcxniv, 3 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv
(miRebuli figura ixileT danarTSi, suraTi #11) (maimuni).
10. mizani: sivrceSi orientaciis unaris ganviTareba
masala: adamianis portreti cxviris gareSe, formatis furcelze
Sesrulebuli. calke gamoyofili cxviris gamosaxuleba patara skotCiT
an WikartiT.
TamaSis wesebi: monawileoben bavSvebi wyvilebSi. erT-erT moTamaSes
akruli aqvs Tvalebi. wamyvani dafaze akravs plakats, adamianis
portretis gamosaxulebiT. wyvilebi Rebuloben TamaSSi monawileobas.
erT-erTs wamyvani aukravs Tvalebs. man unda miawebos portrets cxviri
saWiro adgilze. TamaSi iwyeba formatis qveda marcxena mxridan. meore
monawile ki aZlevs ki instruqcias: cota marjvniv, zemoT qvemoT,...
rodesac monawile ipovis saWiro adgils, eubneba, daamagre. imarjvebs is
wyvili, romelSic orive monawilem sworad Seasrula davaleba.
SeniSvna: SesaZloa plakatze gamosaxuli iyos xe Citis budiT da
monawileebma Citi Casvan budeSi.
11. mizani: wvrili motorikis, nebismieri moqmedebis unaris ganviTareba.
(mocemuli davaleba kvlav axali STabeWdilebis miRebasa da
cnobismoyvareobis dakmayofilebis survils emyareba).
masala: gasaferadeblebi: 7 gasaferadebeli mxolod samkuTxedebisagan
da oTxkuTxedebisagan Sedgeba:
93
1) instruqcia: Tu Sen yvela samkuTxeds yviTlad, xolo yvela
oTxkuTxeds cisfrad gaaferadeb, raRac figuras miiReb. (ixileT
danarTSi, suraTi #12, gemi).
2) instruqcia: Tu yvela samkuTxeds yavisfrad, xolo yvela oTxkuTxeds
yviTlad gaaferadeb, Sen cxovelis gamosaxulebas miiReb.(ixileT
danarTSi, suraTi #13, aqlemi).
3) instruqcia: gaaferade samkuTxedebi wiTlad, xolo oTxkuTxedebi
lurj ferad (vnaxoT, Tu ra dagimala mxatvarma). (ixileT danarTSi,
suraTi # ). am dros miiReba cifrebis: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 gamosaxulebebi.
4) 3 gasaferadebeli naxati, romlis detalebze sxvadasxva niSnebia
dasmuli.
1) gaaferade yvela detali “+” niSniT wiTlad.
detalebi _ “_“ niSniT yviTlad.
detalebi _ “Ο” niSniT mwvaned.
detalebi _ “□” niSniT cisfrad.
da vnaxoT Tu ra figuraa damaluli mocemul naxatze.
2) detalebi, romlebzec fifqia daxatuli, gaaferade yavisfrad
(kenguru).
3) detalebi, romlebzec fifqia daxatuli, gaaferade nacrisfrad
(delfini).
4) detalebi wris gamosaxulebiT ki cisfrad.
6 gasaferadebeli, romlis detalebic sxvadasxva cifrebiTaa
aRniSnuli. sxvadasxva cifrs sxvadasxva feri Seesatyviseba.
12. mizani: yuradRebis, wvrili motorikis, nebismieri moqmedebis,
azrovnebis ganviTareba. (gamocemulia ganmaviTarebeli savarjiSoebis
krebulis “feradi ariTmetika” saxiT).
masala: 13 gasaferadebeli naxati, romlis detalebSic sxvadasxva
ariTmetikuli operaciebia Cawerili. mocemuli ariTmetikuli
operaciebis jams Sesabamisi feri Seesatyviseba.
(mocemuli davalebis Sesruleba axali STabeWdilebis miRebas, interesis
dakmayofilebis survils emyareba “netav rogori naxati gamova”).
94
instruqcia: gamoiangariSeT, moZebneT ariTmetikuli operaciebis jamis
Sesabamisi feri da gaaferadeT suraTebi:
1) davaleba “yvavili” 6 detalisgan Sedgeba;
2) davaleba “Tevzi” _ 15 detalisgan;
3) Cipolino _ 21 detalisgan;
4) “kenguru” _ 20 detalisgan;
5) “kurdReli” _ 25 detalisgan;
6) “Citi” _ 31 detalisgan;
7) “mela” _ 32 detalisgan;
8) “spilo” _ 34 detalisgan;
9) “jambazi” _ 34 detalisgan;
10) “lomi” _ 36 detalisgan;
11) “kata” _ 45 detalisgan;
12) senior “pomidori” _ 50 detalisgan;
13) “fiso gitariT” _ 57 detalisgan;
13. mizani: TanamSromlobis, azrovnebis, fantaziis ganviTareba.
(mofiqrebulia Cems mier)
masala: baraTebi cxovelebis, frinvelebis, sagnebis, adamianebis
gamosaxulebebiT (SesaZloa lotos sxvadasxva baraTebis gamoyeneba).
monawileebi Semousxdebian SeerTebul magidas. wamyvani maT 2-2 baraTs
urigebs (baraTis mocemuli raodenoba sakmarisia, rodesac TamaSi
pirvelad iwyeba).
instruqcia: dRes Tqven namdvili mezRapreebi xarT. yvelam erTad unda
movifiqroT zRapari. erT-erTi Tqvengani merxis SuaSi dadebs raime
baraTs. ai, magaliTad: fiso. iyo da ara iyo ra, iyo erTi fiso, amis
Semdeg mis marjvniv mjdomi agrZelebs Txrobas, is dadebs Tavis baraTs,
magaliTad ”kurdRels”. fisos hyavda megobari kurdReli. yvela bavSvi
dadebs baraTs da gaagrZelebs zRapars. is bavSvi, romelic bolos
dadebs baraTs, daasrulebs kidec zRapars. axla ki yuradRebiT. kargad
mousmineT erTmaneTs, rom Cveni zRapari ufro saintereso gamovides.
SeniSvna: “ Tu zRapari logikur mimdinareobas kargavs, maSin wamyvani
erTveba TamaSSi da akavSirebs mocemul movlenebs erTmaneTTan, an
TiToeuli monawilis Semdeg imeorebs azrs da Semdeg bavSvs mimarTavs:
95
aba, ra moxda Semdeg? TandaTan SeiZleba 3 baraTis gamoyenebac.
garTulebuli variantis monawileebi ar naxuloben Tavis baraTebs.
zemoTxsenebul baraTebs SemTxveviTi principiT amoabruneben, deben da
ise igoneben ambavs.
14. mizani: azrovnebis ganviTareba
wamyvani Caifiqrebs romelime cxovels (frinvels, sagans da a.S.).
monawileebma unda dasvan SekiTxvebi, raTa gamoicnon, Tu romel
cxovelebzea saubari. oRond ar SeiZleba pirdapiri varaudebis gamoTqma:
ZaRlia? kataa?, aramed jer unda gaarkvioT, Sinauria Tu gareuli, ras
Wams, aqvs Tu ara rqebi, ra ferisaa. mxolod 7 kiTxvis Semdeg SeiZleba
varaudebis gamoTqma. (dasaSvebia 3 SesaZlo pasuxis dasaxeleba). Tu
bavSvebma ver gaimarjves, imarjvebs wamyvani, Tu gamoicnes _ klasi.
rodesac bavSvebi TamaSs kargad iswavlian, ukve romelime
monawiles SeuZlia Caifiqros cxoveli an frinveli.
SeniSvna: dafaze aucileblad fiqsirdeba gamarjvebebi. SesaZloa TamaSis
garTulebac, SekiTxvebi davsvaT ise, rom wamyvanma upasuxos mxolod:
“ki”, “ara”, “ar vici”.
15. mizani: mexsierebis, yuradRebis ganviTareba.
masala: 2 furceli, romelic 9 ujradaa dayofili, 2 wyvili patara
baraTi sxvadasxva gamosaxulebiT. TamaSSi monawileobs wyvili. magidaze
ideba 2 furceli da orive monawiles monawiles eZleva erTnairi
baraTebi. jer pirveli monawile aTavsebs mocemul ujrebSi 4 baraTs.
misi mewyvile ki uyurebs 2 wuTis ganmavlobaSi da cdilobs daixsomos.
amis Semdeg wamyvani afarebs meore furcels da meore moTamaSes sTxovs
baraTebis zustad ganlagebas Tavis furcelze. dafaze fiqsirdeba
ramdeni baraTi dado sworad TiToeulma monawilem. imarjvebs wyvili,
romlis orive monawilem kargad gaarTva Tavi.
16. mizani: mexsierebis, azrovnebis, TanamSromlobis unaris ganviTareba,
leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba.
mocemuli davalebis Sesruleba pirveli klasis mesame trimestrSia
SesaZlebeli, mas Semdeg, rac bavSvebi weras iswavlian. wamyvans winaswar
aqvs momzadebuli baraTebi, romlebic klasSi bavSvebis raodenobas
Seesatyviseba. baraTebze mze, varskvlavebi, cisartyelaa gamosaxuli.
96
bavSvebi tomridan iReben mocemul gamosaxulebebs, ase iqmneba 3 gundi.
(umjobesia, rom TiTo jgufi 4 wevrisgan Sedgebodes da masSi bavSvebis
erTnairi raodenoba iyos).
instruqcia: me Tqven dagirigebT furclebs. Tqven unda moigonoT
sityvebi, romelic “a” asoze iwyeba. erT-erTi TqvenTagani Cawers am
sityvebs. gaimarjvebs is gundi, romelic met sityvas moifiqrebs.
wesebi: Cxubis SemTxvevaSi gunds akldeba 1 qula, xmauris SemTxvevaSi _ 3
qula, gadaweris SemTxvevaSi _ 3 qula. TamaSis xangrZlivoba 20 wuTi.
amis Semdeg an gundi, an wamyvani irCevs jgufis liders, romelic
waikiTxavs sityvebs. bavSvebi, romlebic SedarebiT sustebi arian, Tavidan
SeiZleba aqtiurad ar iyvnen TamaSSi CarTuli, magram jgufis
gamarjvebis Semdeg xdeba maTi gaaqtiureba.
17. mizani: azrovnebis, mexsierebis, leqsikuri maragis ganviTareba
jgufi dgeba klasSi kedelTan. sami metris moSorebiT wamyvani
moniSnavs iataks. bavSvebi arian “monadireebi” , romlebic midian
sanadirod. “tye” ki moniSnulis Semdeg iwyeba.
monawileebi saTiTaod “midian tyeSi”, oRond TiTo nabijze TiTo
cxoveli unda daasaxelon. gaimarjvebs is bavSvi, romelic “tyis”
sazRvrebs gadahkveTs. Tu romelime bavSvi ver axerxebs dasaxelebas,
TamaSis bolos mas eZleva ufleba Tavidan gaimeoros svla. sasurvelia,
rom yvela bavSvma gadakveTos sazRvari. wamyvani ulocavs jgufs
gamarjvebas.
SeniSvna: SesaZloa Tevzebis, yvavilebis, qalaqebis, qveynebis an romelime
asoze sityvebis dasaxeleba.
jgufSi muSaobis meTodika ganzrax ar aris moyvanili konkretuli
gakveTilis saxiT, radgan Cvens mier SemuSavebuli ganmaviTarebeli
gakveTilebi dafuZnebulia Semdeg principze: “ganmaviTarebeli samuSao
mimarTuli unda iyos individualur midgomaze, iTvaliswinebdes
bavSvebis aqtualuri ganviTarebis dones. radgan arasodes ar viciT
winaswar, Tu rogor jgufTan mogviwevs muSaoba, SeuZlebelia
universaluri programis SemuSaveba. mocemuli davalebebidan virCevdiT
im davalebebs, romlebic mocemuli jgufis umravlesobisaTvis
gansakuTrebiT saWiroa.
97
TiTo gakveTilze Cven yovelTvis virCevdiT erT saxatav davalebas
da erT TamaSs. eqsperimentis dawyebamde gamokveuli bavSvebi davyaviT
eqsperimentul da sakontrolo jgufebad.
eqsperimentul da sakontrolo jgufebSi moswavleTa Tanabari
raodenoba gvyavda, TiTeulSi 122-122 moswavle.
eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufebi homogenuri iyo Semdegi
kriteriumebis mixedviT: inteleqtualuri mzaoba, dominanturi motivebi,
TanamSromlobis unaris arseboba, nimuSis da wesebis mixedviT moqmedebis
unari.
inteleqtualuri mzaobis kvlevisas miviReT, rom eqsperimentuli
jgufSi skolisaTvis mzad aRmoCnda moswavleTa 60%, xolo ar aRmoCnda
mzad 40%. maTgan, gogonebs Soris mzad aRmoCnda 66%, xolo ar aRmoCnda
mzad 34%. vaJebs Soris inteleqtualurad mzad aRmoCnda 53%, xolo ar
aRmoCnda _ 47%.
sakontrolo jgufSi inteleqtualurad mzad aRmoCnda
pirvelkalselTa 60%, xolo ar aRmoCnda 40%. maTgan, gogonebs Soris
inteleqtualurad mzad aRmoCnda 64%, xolo ar aRmoCnda 36%. vaJebs
Soris inteleqtualurad mzad aRmoCnda 55%, xolo moumwifebeli
aRmoCnda 45%.
eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufebis SedarebiT miviReT, rom
X2= 0,00; p>0.05. mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris. (ix.
cxrili #5)
saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi (seqtemberSi) miRebuli Sedegebi
98
inteleqtualuri mzaoba cxrili #5
absoluturi sixSire fardobiTi
sixSire
jgufi ar aris aris sul ar aris aris
hi-kvadrat
kriteriumi
sandooba
saeqsperimento gogonebi 22 42 64 34% 66% X2=0.000 Pp>0.05
biWebi 27 31 58 47% 53% SeniSvna: saeqsperimento
da sakontrolo
jgufebs Soris
gansxvaveba sando ar
aris.
erTad 49 73 122 40% 60%
sakontrolo gogonebi 23 41 64 36% 64%
biWebi 26 32 58 45% 55%
erTad 49 73 122 40% 60%
dominanturi motivis kvlevisas miviReT, rom eqsperimentul jgufSi
swavlis motivi dominanturi aRmoaCnda moswavleTa 61%-s, xolo TamaSis
motivi _ moswavleTa 39%-s.
gogonebs Soris swavlis motivi dominanturia 70%-Tan, xolo TamaSis
30%-Tan. vaJebs Soris swavlis motivi 50%-Tan aris dominanturi, TamaSis
motivi aseve 50%-isaTvis.
sakontrolo jgufSi swavlis motivi dominanturi aRmoCnda
moswavleTa 48%-isaTvis, xolo TamaSis motivi 52%-isaTvis. gogonebs
Soris swavlis motivi dominanturi aRmoCnda 56%-isaTvis, xolo TamaSis
44%-isaTvis. vaJebs Soris swavlis motivi dominanturi aRmoCnda 40%-
isaTvis, xolo TamaSis _ 60%-isaTvis.
eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom
(X2=1,255; p>0,05). mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris (ix.
cxrili #6).
99
pirveli meTodika _ `motivacia~
cxrili #6
absoluturi sixSire
fardobiTi
sixSire
hi-kvadrat
kriteriumi
sandooba
jgufi ar aris aris sul ar aris aris
X2=1.255 Pp>0.05
saeqsperimento gogonebi 19 45 64 30% 70%
biWebi 29 29 58 50% 50% SeniSvna: saeqsperimento
da sakontrolo
jgufebs Soris
gansxvaveba sando ar
aris
erTad 48 74 122 39% 61%
sakontrolo gogonebi 28 36 64 44% 56%
biWebi 35 23 58 60% 40%
erTad 63 59 122 52% 48%
TanamSromlobis unaris kvlevisas miviReT, rom eqsperimentul
jgufSi TanamSromloba warmatebiT SesZlo moswavleTa 37%-ma, xolo ver
SesZlo 63%-ma. gogonebs Soris TanamSromloba SesZlo 45%-ma, ver
SesZlo 55%-ma.
vaJebs Soris TanamSromloba 28%-ma SesZlo, ver SesZlo72%-ma.
sakontrolo jgufSi TanamSromloba SesZlo moswavleTa 36%-ma, ver
SesZlo 64%-ma. gogonebs Soris TanamSromloba 41%-ma SesZlo, xolo
davalebas Tavi ver gaarTva 59%-ma. vaJebs Soris TanamSromloba 31%-ma
SesZlo, ver SesZlo 69%-ma.
eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom
(X2 =0,166; p>0,05). mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris, e.i.
mocemuli jgufic homogenuria (ix. cxrili #7).
100
meore meTodika _ `TanamSromloba~
cxrili #7
absoluturi sixSire
fardobiTi
sixSire
hi-kvadrat
kriteriumi
sandooba
jgufi ar aris aris sul
ar
aris aris
X2=1.166 Pp>0.05
saeqsperimento gogonebi 35 29 64 55% 45% SeniSvna:
saeqsperimento da
sakontrolo jgufebs
Soris gansxvaveba
sando ar aris.
biWebi 42 16 58 72% 28%
erTad 77 45 122 63% 37%
sakontrolo gogonebi 38 26 64 59% 41%
biWebi 40 18 58 69% 31%
erTad 78 44 122 64% 36%
nimuSis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris kvlevisas miviReT, rom
eqsperimentul jgufSi nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba SesZlo moswavleTa
57%-ma, ver SesZlo 43%-ma. gogonebs Soris nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba
62%-ma SesZlo, ver SesZlo mxolod 38%-ma.
vaJebs Soris nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba 50%-ma SesZlo, xolo ver
SesZlo mxolos 50%-ma.
sakontrolo jgufSi ki Semdegi Sedegebi miviReT: nimuSis mixedviT
moqmedeba SesZlo 66%-ma, xolo ver SesZlo 34%-ma. gogonebs Soris
nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba68%-ma SesZlo, ver SesZlo mxolod 31%-ma.
vaJebs Soris nimuSis mixedviT xelmZRvaneloba SesZlo 62%-ma, ver
SesZlo 38%-ma.
sakontrolo da eqsperimentuli jgufis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom
X2=1,715; p>0,05. gansxvaveba sando ar aris, e.i. mocemuli unaris
mixedviTac jgufebi homoginuria (ix. cxrili #8)
101
mesame meTodika _ `saxli~
cxrili #8
absoluturi sixSire
fardobiTi
sixSire
hi-kvadrat
kriteriumi
sandooba
jgufi ar aris aris sul ar aris aris
X2=1.715 Pp>0.05
saeqsperimento gogonebi 24 40 64 38% 63% SeniSvna:
saeqsperimento da
sakontrolo jgufebs
Soris gansxvaveba sando
ar aris.
biWebi 29 29 58 50% 50%
erTad 53 69 122 43% 57%
sakontrolo gogonebi 20 44 64 31% 69%
biWebi 22 36 58 38% 62%
erTad 42 80 122 34% 66%
“wesebis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris kvlevisas miviReT Sedegi
monacemebi: eqsperimentul jgufSi wesebis dacva SesZlo
pirvelklaselTa 29%-ma, ver SesZlo 71%-ma. gogonebs Soris mocemuli
davalebis Sesruleba SesZlo 33%-ma, ver SesZlo 67%-ma. vaJebs Soris
nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba SesZlo 24%-ma, ver SesZlo 76%-ma.
sakontrolo jgufSi wesebis dacva SesZlo pirvelklaselTa 20%-ma,
ver SesZlo 80%-ma. gogonebs Soris 28%-ma SesZlo wesebis dacva, ver
SesZlo 72%-ma. vaJebs Soris nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba 12%-ma SesZlo,
88%-ma ver SesZlo.
eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom
X2=2,848; p>0,05. mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris.
jgufebi mocemuli unaris mixedviTac homogenuria (ix. cxrili # 9).
102
meoTxe meTodika
cxrili #9
absoluturi sixSire
fardobiTi
sixSire
hi-kvadrat
kriteriumi
sandooba
jgufi ar aris aris sul ar aris aris
X2=2.849 Pp>0.05
saeqsperimento gogonebi 43 21 64 67% 33% SeniSvna: saeqsperimento
da sakontrolo
jgufebs Soris
gansxvaveba sando ar
aris.
biWebi 44 14 58 76% 24%
erTad 87 35 122 71% 29%
sakontrolo gogonebi 46 18 64 72% 28%
biWebi 51 7 58 88% 12%
erTad 97 25 122 80% 20%
amis Semdeg eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufis moswavleebi
davyaviT asakis mixedviT. cal-calke gamovyaviT 5, 6, 7 6wlianebis
jgufebi. miviReT, rom eqsperimentul jgufSi 5 wlianTa Soris
inteleqtualurad mzad aRmoCnda moswavleTa 26%, xolo moumwifebeli
moswavleTa 74%. 6 wlianTa Soris inteleqtualurad mzad aRmoCnda 67%,
xolo moumwifebeli _ 33%. 7 wlianTa Soris inteleqtualurad mzad 70%
aRmoCnda, moumwifebeli 30%. sakontrolo jgufSi 5 wlianebSi individu-
alurad mzad aRmoCnda 40%, xolo moumwifebeli 66%. 6 wlianTa Soris
inteleqtualurad mzad aRmoCnda 65%, moumwifebeli 35%. 7 wlianebs
Soris inteleqtualurad mzad 67% aRmoCnda, xolo moumwifebeli 33%
(ix. cxrili #10)
103
saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi (seqtemberSi) miRebuli Sedegebi
inteleqtualuri mzaoba
cxrili #10
absoluturi sixSire fardobiTi
sixSire
jgufi ar aris aris sul ar aris aris
saeqsperimento 5 weli 17 6 23 74% 26%
6 weli 29 60 89 33% 67%
7 weli 3 7 10 30% 70%
sakontrolo 5 weli 15 10 25 60% 40%
6 weli 32 59 91 35% 65%
7 weli 2 4 6 33% 67%
SeniSvna: niSandebulia is SemTxvevebi, sadac gansxvaveba saeqsperimento da
sakontrolo jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris.
5 wlianebis jgufi SevadareT 6 wliani moswavleebis jgufs. miviReT,
eqsperimentul jgufSi. X2=12, 898; p=0,000. sakontrolo jgufSi ki
X2=5,018; p>0,02. orive jgufis SemTxvevaSi dafiqsirda gansxvaveba. xolo
6 da 7 wlianebis jgufis Sedarebisas eqsperimentul jgufSi miviReT,
rom X2=2,574; p>0,05. mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris. 6
da 7 wlianebis jgufi rogorc Cans homogenuria saskolo,
inteleqtualuri mzaobis mxriv. sakontrolo jgufSic miviReT, rom
X2=0,08; p>0,05. amitom, sakontrolo jgufSic gansxvaveba am or asakobriv
jgufs Soris sando ar aris.
dominanturi motivis kvlevisas Semdegi Sedegebi miviReT:
eqsperimentul jgufSi 5 wlianebis 39%-isaTvis wamyvani aris swavlis
motivi, xolo 61%-isaTvis TamaSis motivi. 6 wlianebis jgufSi 65%-
isaTvis wamyvani aris swavlis motivi, xolo 35%-isaTvis TamaSis motivi.
7 wlianebis jgufSi 70%-isaTvis wamyvani aris swavlis motivi, xolo 30%-
isaTvis TamaSis motivi. sakontrolo jgufSi: 5 wlianebis 32%-isaTvis
wamyvani swavlis motivia, xolo 68%-isaTvis TamaSis motivi.
104
6 wlianebis jgufSi 53%-isaTvis wamyvani swavlis motivia, xolo
47%-isaTvis TamaSis motivi. 7 wlianebis jgufSi 50%-s wamyvani TamaSis
motivi aqvs, 50%-s _ swavlis motivi (ix. cxrili #11)
pirveli meTodika _ `motivacia~
cxrili #11
absoluturi sixSire fardobiTi
sixSire
jgufi ar aris aris sul ar aris aris
saeqsperimento 5 weli 14 9 23 61% 39%
6 weli 31 58 89 35% 65%
7 weli 3 7 10 30% 70%
sakontrolo 5 weli 17 8 25 68% 32%
6 weli 43 48 91 47% 53%
7 weli 3 3 6 50% 50%
SeniSvna: niSandebulia is SemTxvevebi, sadac gansxvaveba saeqsperimento da
sakontrolo jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris.
5 da 6, 7 wlianebis jgufis SedarebiT miviReT eqsperimentul
jgufSi X2 = 3,155; p = 0,000. mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa.
xolo sakontrolo jgufSi imave asakobrivi jgufebis
Sedarebisas miviReT, rom X2=3, 381; p>0,05. mocemul SemTxvevaSi
jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris.
eqsperimentul jgufSi 6 da 7 wlianebis SedarebiT miviReT, rom X2
= 4,212; p>0,05. mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris, xolo
sakontrolo jgufSi: X2=0,017; p>0,05, mocemul SemTxvevaSic jgufi
homogenuria wamyvani motivis mixedviT.
orive jgufis SemTxvevaSi 5 wlianTan wamyvani TamaSis motivia.
TanamSromlobs unaris kvlevis Sedegebi: eqsperimentul jgufSi:
5 wlianebis jgufSi TanamSromloba SesZlo moswavleTa 26%-ma, xolo
ver SesZlo 74%-ma. 6 wlianebis jgufSi TanamSromloba SesZlo
moswavleTa 36%-ma, xolo ver SesZlo 64%-ma. 7 wlianebis jgufSi
105
TanamSromloba moswavleTa 70%-ma SesZlo, xolo ver SesZlo 30%-ma.
sakontrolo jgufSi: TanamSromloba 5 wlianebis 20%-ma SesZlo, xolo
TanmSromloba gauWirda 80%-s.
6 wlianebis 43%-ma SesZlo TanamSromloba, xolo ver SesZlo 57%-ma.
7 wlianebis 100%-ma ver SesZlo TanamSromloba (ix. cxrili # 12)
meore meTodika _ `TanamSromloba~
cxrili #12
absoluturi sixSire fardobiTi
jgufi ar aris aris sul ar aris aris
saeqsperimento 5 weli 17 6 23 74% 26%
6 weli 57 32 89 64% 36%
7 weli 3 7 10 30% 70%
sakontrolo 5 weli 20 5 25 80% 20%
6 weli 52 39 91 57% 43%
7 weli 6 0 6 100% 0%
SeniSvna: niSandebulia is SemTxvevebi, sadac gansxvaveba saeqsperimento da
sakontrolo jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris.
rodesac 5 da 6, 7 wlianebis jgufi SevadareT, miviReT, rom
eqsperimentul jgufSi X2 = 0,794; p>0,05. mocemul jgufebs Soris
gansxvaveba ar dafiqsirda. 6 da 7 wlianebTanac dabali aRmoCnda
TanamSromlobis unari, xolo sakontrolo jgufSi X2 = 4,35; p<0,65.
mocemul jgufebs Soris ki dafiqsirda gansxvaveba.
6 da 7 wliani bavSvebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom eqsperimentul
ggufSi X2 = 7,926; p<0,01. dafiqsirda gansxvaveba, Svidwlianebis
umravlesobas kargad aqvs ganviTarebuli TanamSromlobis unari.
rac Seexeba sakontrolo jgufs X2 = 4,500; p<0,05. nimuSis mixedviT
moqmedebs unaris kvlevisas miviReT, rom eqsperimentul jgufSi 5
wlianebis 39%-ma SesZlo nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba, ver SesZlo 64%-ma.
sakontrolo jgufSi ki 5 wlianebis 36%-ma SesZlo minuSis mixedviT
moqmedeba, ver SesZlo 64%-ma.
106
6 wlianebis eqsperimentul jgufSi 61%-ma SesZlo nimuSis mixedviT
moqmedeba, ver SesZlo 39%-ma.
xolo sakontrolo jgufSi nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba 73%-ma
SesZlo, ver SesZlo mxolod 27%-ma.
7 wlianebis eqsperimentul jgufSi nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba 60%-
ma SesZlo, ver SesZlo 40%-ma.
sakontrolo jgufSi davaleba normalurad 83%-ma Seasrula, ver
Sesasrula mxolod 17%-ma (cxrili #13)
mesame meTodika _ `saxli~
cxrili #13
SeniSvna: niSandebulia is SemTxvevebi, sadac gansxvaveba saeqsperimento da
sakontrolo jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris.
5 da 6, 7 wlianebis jgufebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom X2 = 3,447;
p>0,05. mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris. xolo
sakontrolo jgufSi X2 = 11,451; p=0,000. mocemul jgufebs Soris
gansxvaveba sandoa.
6 da 7 wlianTa jgufebs Soris Sedarebisas miviReT, rom X2 = 1,680;
p>0,05. sakontrolo jgufSi X2=0,835; p>0,05. mocemul jgufebs Soris
gansxvaveba sando ar aris.
wesebis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris kvlevisas miviReT, rom: 5
wlianebis eqsperimentul jgufSi wesis mixedviT moqmedeba mxolod
absoluturi sixSire fardobiTi
jgufi ar aris aris sul ar aris aris
saeqsperimento 5 weli 14 9 23 61% 39%
6 weli 35 54 89 39% 61%
7 weli 4 6 10 40% 60%
sakontrolo 5 weli 16 9 25 64% 36%
6 weli 25 66 91 27% 73%
7 weli 1 5 6 17% 83%
107
9%-ma SesZlo, ver SesZlo 91%-ma. sakontrolo jgufSi 4%-ma SesZlo,
ver SesZlo 96%-ma.
6 wlianebis eqsperimentul jgufSi wesis mixedviT moqmedeba SesZlo
30%-ma, ver SesZlo 70%-ma. sakontrolo jgufSi SesZlo 26%-ma, ver
SesZlo 74%-ma.
7 wlianebis eqsperimentul jgufSi wesis mixedviT moqmedeba SesZlo
60%-ma, ver SesZlo mxolod 40%-ma, xolo sakontrolo jgufSi wesis
mixedviT moqmedeba ver SesZlo 100%-ma (cxrili #14)
meoTxe meTodika _ ki da ara ar Tqva
cxrili #14
SeniSvna: niSandebulia is SemTxvevebi, sadac gansxvaveba saeqsperimento da
sakontrolo jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris.
5 da 6, 7 wlianebis jgufebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom X2 = 4,461;
p<0,05. mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa. xolo sakontrolo
jgufSi X2=5,807; p<0,02 mocemul SemTxvevaSi gansxvaveba sandoa. 5
wlianebs ufro uWirT wesebisadmi damorCileba.
rac Seexeba 6-7 wlianebis jgufs, eqsperimentul jgufSi
X2 = 14,000; p=0,000.
xolo sakontrolo jgufSi X2 = 2,103; p>0,05.
saWiroa avRniSnoT, rom sakontrolo jgufSi 7 wlianebis jgufis
umravlesobas aqvs dasmuli aqvs diagnozi _ hiperaqtiurobis sindromi
yuradRebis deficitiT.
absoluturi sixSire fardobiTi
jgufi ar aris aris sul ar aris aris
saeqsperimento 5 weli 21 2 23 91% 9%
6 weli 62 27 89 70% 30%
7 weli 4 6 10 40% 60%
sakontrolo 5 weli 24 1 25 96% 4%
6 weli 67 24 91 74% 26%
7 weli 6 0 6 100% 0%
108
pirvelklaselTa jgufis kvlevisas ar dafiqsirda disharmonia
inteleqtualur mzaobasa da socialur pirovnul mzaobas Soris. Cven
gvainteresebda mocemuli TvalsazrisiTac Tu iqneboda sakontrolo da
eqsperimentuli jgufebi homogenuri.
inteleqtualuri mzaobis monacemebi SevadareT dominanturi
motivebis kvlevis monacemebs: miviReT Semdegi Sedegi: eqsperimentul
jgufSi, maT Soris, vinc ar iyo inteleqtualurad mzad skolisaTvis,
76%-s dominanturi motivi TamaSi aqvs, xolo 24%-s swavlis motivi. maT
Soris, vinc inteleqtualurad mzad iyo skolisaTvis 15 %-s aRmoaCnda
dominanturi TamaSis motivi, 85%-s ki swavlis. mocemul monacemebs Soris
dafiqsirda korelacia (r =0,607). vinc inteleqtualurad mzad aris
skolisaTvis, maT wamyvani swavlis motivi aqvs, xolo vinc ar aris
mzad _ TamaSis motivi.
sakontrolo jgufSi: maT Soris vinc ar aris mzad
inteleqturalurad skolisaTvis, 78%-s dominanturi aRmoaCnda TamaSis
motivi, xolo 22%-s swavlis motivi.
skolisaTvis inteleqtualurad momwifebul bavSvebs Soris 34%-s
dominanturi TamaSis motivi aRmoaCnda, 66%-s ki swavlis motivi. (r=0,425).
sakontrolo jgufSi inteleqtualurad momwifebul bavSvebs
dominanturi swavlis motivi aqvT, xolo moumwifebel bavSvebs
dominanturi _ TamaSis motivi.
eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom
X2=3,719; P>0,05. mocemuli jgufebi homogenuria, maT Soris gansxvaveba
sando ar aris (ix. cxrili #15)
109
saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi (seqtemberSi) miRebuli Sedegebi
inteleqtualuri mzaoba da pirveli meTodika _ `motivacia~
cxrili #15
pirveli meTodika _ `motivacia~
absoluturi sixSire fardobiTi
sixSire
jgufi mzaoba ara ki sul ara ki hi-kvadrat
kriteriumi
sandooba
saeqsperimento ar aris 37 12 49 76% 24% X2=3.719 p>0.05
aris 11 62 73 15% 85% SeniSvna:
saeqsperimento da
sakontrolo jgufebs
Soris gansxvaveba
sando ar aris.
erTad 48 74 122 39% 61%
sakontrolo ar aris 38 11 49 78% 22%
aris 25 48 73 34% 66%
erTad 63 59 122 52% 48%
inteleqtualuri mzaobisa da TanamSromlobis unaris Sedarebisas
miviReT, rom eqsperimentuli jgufis im moswavleebs Soris, romlebic ar
iyvnen inteleqtualurad skolisaTvis mzad, 88%-ma ver SesZlo
TanamSromloba TanatolebTan, SesZlo mxolod 12%-ma.
inteleqtualurad momwifebuli bavSvebs Soris 47%-ma ver SesZlo
TanamSromloba, SesZlo mxolod 53%-ma (r=0,418). dafiqsirda dadebiTi
korelacia inteleqtualur mzaobasa da TanamSromlobis unars Soris.
sakontrolo jgufSi: inteleqtualurad moumwifebeli bavSvebis
82%-ma ver SesZlo TanamSromloba, SesZlo mxolod 18%-ma.
inteleqtualurad momwifebuli bavSvebis 52%-ma ver SesZlo
TanamSromloba, SesZlo mxolod 48%-ma. r=0,302 sakontrolo jgufSi
dafiqsirda dadebiTi korelacia inteleqtualur mzaobasa da
TanamSromlobis unars Soris.
110
eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom
X2=0,438; P>0,05. mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris (ix.
cxrili #16).
inteleqtualuri mzaoba da meore meTodika _ `TanamSromloba~
cxrili #16
meore meTodika _ `TanamSromloba~
absoluturi sixSire fardobiTi
sixSire
hi-kvadrat
kriteriumi
sandooba
jgufi mzaoba ara ki sul ara ki X2=0.438 Pp>0.05
saeqsperimento ar aris 43 6 49 88% 12% SeniSvna:
saeqsperimento da
sakontrolo jgufebs
Soris gansxvaveba
sando ar aris.
aris 34 39 73 47% 53%
erTad 77 45 122 63% 37%
sakontrolo ar aris 40 9 49 82% 18%
aris 38 35 73 52% 48%
erTad 78 44 122 64% 36%
inteleqtualuri mzaobisa da nimuSis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris
kvlevis monacemebis Sedarebisas miviReT.
eqsperimentul jgufSi: im moswavleebs Soris, romlebic ar
aRmoCndnen inteleqtualurad mzad skolisaTvis 20%-ma SesZlo moqmedeba
nimuSis mixedviT, ver SesZlo 80%-ma.
xolo inteleqtualurad momwifebul bavSvebs Soris: nimuSis
mixedviT moqmedeba 81%-ma SesZlo, ver SesZlo mxolod 19%-ma. r=0,597
dafiqsirda korelacia inteleqtualur mzaobasa da nimuSis mixedviT
moqmedebis unars Soris.
sakontrolo jgufSi: inteleqtualurad moumwifebul bavSvebs
Soris nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba 37%-ma SesZlo, ver SesZlo 63%-ma
.inteleqtualurad momwifebuli bavSvebs Soris 15%-ma ver SesZlo
nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba, xolo 85%-ma SesZlo. r=0,497. mocemul
SemTxvevaSi dafiqsirda dadebiTi korelacia.
eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar
aris X2=0,434; P>0,05 (ix. cxrili #17)
111
inteleqtualuri mzaoba da mesame meTodika _ `saxli~
cxrili #17
absoluturi sixSire fardobiTi
sixSire
hi-kvadrat
kriteriumi
sandooba
jgufi mzaoba ara ki sul ara ki X20.434 Pp>0.05
saeqsperimento ar aris 39 10 49 80% 20% SeniSvna: saeqsperimento
da sakontrolo
jgufebs Soris
gansxvaveba sando ar
aris.
aris 14 59 73 19% 81%
erTad 53 69 122 43% 57%
sakontrolo ar aris 31 18 49 63% 37%
aris 11 62 73 15% 85%
erTad 42 80 122 34% 66%
inteleqtualur mzaobasa da nimuSis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris
kvlevis Sedarebisas miviReT: eqsperimentuli jgufis inteleqtualurad
moumwifebeli bavSvebis jgufSi wesis gaTvaliswinebiT muSaoba ver
SesZlo 98%-ma, SesZlo mxolod 2%.-ma inteleqtualurad momwifebul
bavSvTa Soris ki wesebis dacva ver SesZlo 57%-ma, SesZlo 43%-ma. r=0,483.
mocemul SemTxveaSi dafiqsirda korelacia inteleqtualur mzaobasa da
wesebis dacvis unars Soris.
sakontrolo jgufSi Semdegi monacemebi miviReT, inteleqtualurad
moumwifebel bavSvebs Soris 98%-ma ver SesZlo wesebis dacva, mxolod
2%-ma daZlia es davaleba.
xolo inteleqtualurad momwifebuli bavSvebis 67%-ma ver SesZlo
wesebis dacva. SesZlo 33%-ma. r=0,443. mocemul SemTxvevaSic dafiqsirda
korelacia.
eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom
X2=2,861. P>0,05. jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris (ix. cxrili
#18).
112
inteleqtualuri mzaoba da meoTxe meTodika
cxrili #18
absoluturi sixSire fardobiTi
sixSire
hi-kvadrat
kriteriumi
sandooba
jgufi mzaoba ara ki sul ara ki X2=2.861 p>0.05
saeqsperimento ar aris 48 1 49 98% 2% SeniSvna:
saeqsperimento da
sakontrolo jgufebs
Soris gansxvaveba sando
ar aris.
aris 39 34 73 53% 47%
erTad 87 35 122 71% 29%
sakontrolo ar aris 48 1 49 98% 2%
aris 49 24 73 67% 33%
erTad 97 25 122 80% 20%
ganmaviTarebeli gakveTilebis Catarebis Semdeg saswavlo wlis
bolos xelaxla gavimeoreT kvleva, kvlav gamoviyeneT g. vitclakis
testi “skolaSi swavlis unaris kvleva” da n. gutkinas programa 6-7
wlianebis saskolo mzaobis dadgena”. miviReT Semdegi Sedegebi:
eqsperimentul jgufSi g. vitclakis mixedviT inteleqtualurad mzad
aRmoCnda moswavleTa 93%, xolo moumwifebeli mxolod 7%. gogonebs
Soris inteleqtualurad momwifebuli aRmoCnda 94%, xolo moumwifebeli
6%. vaJebs Soris inteleqtualurad momwifebuli 93% aRmoCnda,
moumwifebeli ki 7%. sakontrolo jgufSi inteleqtualurad
momwifebuli 66% aRmoCnda, moumwifebeli ki 34%. gogonebis jgufSi
inteleqtualurad mzad 67% aRmoCnda, xolo moumwifebeli 33%. vaJebs
Soris ki 64% aRmoCnda inteleqtualurad mzad, 36% ki moumwifebeli.
eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufebis Sedarebisas ki miviReT:
(X2=29,679; p=0,000). mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa, rasac
adgili ar hqonia seqtembris monacemebSi (ix. cxrili #19)
113
saswavlo wlis bolos (maisSi) miRebuli Sedegebi
inteleqtualuri mzaoba cxrili #19
absoluturi
sixSire
fardobiTi
sixSire
jgufi
ar
aris aris sul ar aris aris
hi-kvadrat
kriteriumi
sandooba
saeqsperimento gogonebi 4 60 64 6% 94% X2=29.079 Pp=0.000
biWebi 4 54 58 7% 93%
erTad 8 114 122 7% 93%
sakontrolo gogonebi 21 43 64 33% 67%
biWebi 21 37 58 36% 64%
erTad 42 80 122 34% 66%
SeniSvna: saeqsperimento da sakontrolo jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa.
dominanturi motivebis kvlevisas ki miviReT:
eqsperimentul jgufSi 96%-s aRmoaCnda dominanturi swavlis motivi,
xolo 4%-s aRmoaCnda TamaSis motivis dominanturi. gogonebis jgufSi
98%-s aRmoaCnda dominanturi swavlis motivi, 2%-s ki TamaSis. vaJebis
jgufSi 93%-s dominanturi swavlis motivi aRmoaCnda, 7%-s ki TamaSis.
sakontrolo jgufSi ki swavlis motivi dominanturi mxolod 67%-s
aRmoaCnda, 33%-s ki TamaSis motivi. gogonebis 72%-isaTvis dominanturi
swavlis motivia, TamaSis motivi mxolod 28 %-isaTvis aris
dominanturi. vaJebTan 62%-isaTvis dominanturi swavlis motivia, 38%-
isaTvis ki TamaSis.
eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom
X2=16,062; pP=0,000. mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa, rasac
adgili ar hqonia seqtemberSi miRebul monacemebSi (ix. cxrili #20)
114
pirveli meTodika _ `motivacia~
cxrili #20
absoluturi
sixSire
fardobiTi
sixSire
hi-kvadrat
kriteriu
mi
sandooba
jgufi
ar
aris aris sul
ar
aris arisX2=16.062 Pp=0.000
saeqsperi-
mento
gogo-
nebi
1 63 64 2% 98%
SeniSvna:
saeqsperimento da
sakontrolo
jgufebs Soris
gansxvaveba sandoa.
biWebi 4 54 58 7% 93%
erTad 5 117 122 4% 96%
sakont-
rolo
gogo-
nebi
18 46 64 28% 72%
biWebi 22 36 58 38% 62%
erTad 40 82 122 33% 67%
TanamSromlobis unaris kvlevisas miviReT, rom eqsperimentul jgufSi
TanamSromloba SesZlo moswavleTa 91%-ma, ver SesZlo mxolod 9%-ma. gogonebis
jgufSi TanamSromloba SesZlo moswavleTa 94%-ma, ver SesZlo mxolod 6%-ma.
vaJebis jgufSi TanamSromloba SesZlo 88%-ma, ver SesZlo mxolod 12%-ma.
sakontrolo jgufSi TanamSromloba SesZlo moswavleTa 43%-ma, ver SesZlo 57%-
ma. gogonebis jgufebSi TanamSromloba moswavleTa 50%-ma SesZlo, ver SesZlo
50%-ma. vaJebis jgufSi TanamSromloba SesZlo 36%-ma, ver SesZlo 64%-ma.
eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom
X2=32,995. p=0,000. mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa, rasac adgili ar
hqonia seqtembris monacemebSi (ix. cxrili #21).
115
meore meTodika _ `TanamSromloba~
cxrili #21
absoluturi
sixSire
fardobiTi
sixSire
hi-kvadrat
kriteriumisandooba
jgufi
ar
arisaris sul ar aris
ari
sX2=32.955 Pp=0.000
saeqsperimento
gogonebi 4 60 64 6% 94%
SeniSvna:
saeqsperimento da
sakontrolo
jgufebs Soris
gansxvaveba sandoa.
biWebi 7 51 58 12% 88%
erTad 11 111 122 9% 91%
sakontrolo gogonebi 32 32 64 50% 50%
biWebi 37 21 58 64% 36%
erTad
69 53 122 57% 43%
nimuSis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris kvlevisas miviReT, rom
eqsperimentul jgufSi nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba 97%-ma SesZlo, vaJebis
jgufSi ver gaarTva davalebas Tavi 3%-ma. gogonebis jgufSi nimuSis
mixedviT moqmedeba SesZlo 100%-ma, vaJebis jgufSi 93%-ma SesZlo
davalebis warmatebiT Sesruleba, ver SesZlo mxolod 7%-ma.
sakontrolo jgufSi 86%-ma SesZlo nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba, ver
SesZlo mxolod 14%-ma. gogonebs Soris nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba
SesZlo moswavleTaA89%-ma, ver SesZlo 11%-ma. vaJebs Soris nimuSis
mixedviT moqmedeba SesZlo 83%-ma, ver SesZlo mxolod 17%-ma.
eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufebis Sedarebisas ki miviReT:
(X2=2,924; p>0,05). mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris.
mocemuli unari TiTqmis Tanabrad erTnairia rogorc sakontrolo, ise
eqsperimentul jgufSi (ix. cxrili #22)
116
mesame meTodika _ `saxli~
cxrili #22
absoluturi
sixSire
fardobiTi
sixSire
hi-kvadrat
kriteri-
umi
sando-
oba
jgufi
ar
arisaris sul
ar
arisaris X2=2.924 Pp>0.05
saeqsperi-
mento
gogonebi 0 64 64 0% 100% SeniSvna:
saeqsperimento da
sakontrolo
jgufebs Soris
gansxvaveba sando
ar aris.
biWebi 4 54 58 7% 93%
erTad 4 118 122 3% 97%
sakont-
rolo
gogonebi 7 57 64 11% 89%
biWebi 10 48 58 17% 83%
erTad 17 105 122 14% 86%
wesebis dacvis unaris kvlevisas miviReT, rom eqsperimentul
jgufSi wesebis mixedviT moqmedeba SesZlo moswavleTa 70%-ma, ver
SesZlo mxolod 30%-ma. gogonebs Soris wesebis mixedviT moqmedeba 80%-
ma SesZlo, ver SesZlo 20%-ma. vaJebs Soris 60%-ma SesZlo, ver SesZlo
40%-ma.
sakontrolo jgufSi ki wesebis mixedviT moqmedeba 42%-ma SesZlo,
ver SesZlo 58%-ma. gogonebis jgufSi wesebis dacva SesZlo 52%-ma, ver
SesZlo 48%-ma. vaJebis jgufSi ki wesebis dacva 31%-ma SesZlo, ver
SesZlo mxolod 69%-ma. sakontrolo da eqsperimentuli jgufebis
Sedarebisas ki miviReT: (X2=10,040; p=0,0000). mocemul jgufebs Soris
gansxvaveba sandoa (cxrili #23)
117
meoTxe meTodika _ ki da ara ar Tqva
cxrili #23
absoluturi sixSire
fardobiTi
sixSire
hi-kvadrat
kriteriumi
sandooba
jgufi ar aris aris sul ar aris aris
X2=10.040 Pp=0.000
saeqsperimento gogonebi 13 51 64 20% 80% SeniSvna:
saeqsperimento da
sakontrolo jgufebs
Soris gansxvaveba
sandoa.
biWebi 23 35 58 40% 60%
erTad 36 86 122 30% 70%
sakontrolo gogonebi 31 33 64 48% 52%
biWebi 40 18 58 69% 31%
erTad 71 51 122 58% 42%
pirvelklaselebi isev davyaviT asakobrivi jgufebis mixedviT.
eqsperimentul jgufTa inteleqtualuri mzaobis kvleviT miviReT, rom 5
wlianTa 91% aRmoCnda inteleqtualurad mzad, 9% ar aRmoCnda. 6
wlianebTan 96% aRmoCnda inteleqtualurad mzad, ar aRmoCnda 4%. 7
wlianebTan 80% mzad aRmoCnda, ar aRmoCnda 20%. sakontrolo jgufSi: 5
wlianebTan inteleqtualurad mzad 48% aRmoCnda, ar aRmoCnda 52%.
6 wlianebTan 31% ar aRmoCnda mzad, xolo inteleqtualurad mzad
69% aRmoCnda. 7 wlianTa jgufSi mzad ar aRmoCnda 17%, xolo mzad 83%
aRmoCnda (ix. cxrili #24)
118
saswavlo wlis bolos (maisSi) miRebuli Sedegebi
inteleqtualuri mzaoba
cxrili #24
absoluturi sixSire fardobiTi
sixSire
jgufi ar aris aris sul ar aris aris
saeqsperimento 5 weli 2 21 23 9% 91%
6 weli 4 85 89 4% 96%
7 weli 2 8 10 20% 80%
sakontrolo 5 weli 13 12 25 52% 48%
6 weli 28 63 91 31% 69%
7 weli 1 5 6 17% 83%
SeniSvna: niSandebulia is SemTxvevebi, sadac gansxvaveba saeqsperimento da
sakontrolo jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris.
5 da 6, 7 wlianTa jgufis SedarebiT miviReT, rom eqsperimentul
jgufSi X2=0,636; Pp<0,05. (mocemul SemTxvevaSi am or jgufs Soris
gansxvaveba sandoa, sakontrolo jgufSi ki X2=3, 868; Pp<0,05.
6 da 7 wlianebis Sedarebisas eqsperimentul jgufSi miviReT
X2=2,987; p<0,05.
mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa. sakintrolo jgufSi
X2=0,534; p>0,05.
am SemTxvevaSi am or asakobriv jgufSi ar dafiqsirda saTanado
gansxvaveba.
miuxedavad eqsperimentul jgufSi 5 wlianebis monacemebis
gaujobesebisa, gansxvaveba inteleqtualur mzaobis mxriv 5 da 6, 7 wlian
bavSvebs Soris mainc dafiqsirda.
dominanturi motivis kvlevisas miviReT, rom eqsperimentuli
jgufis 5 wlianebTan swavlis motivi dominanturi aRmoCnda 96%-s, xolo
TamaSis motivi mxolod 4%-s.
6 wlianebTan swavlis motivi dominanturi kvlav aRmoCnda 96%,
xolo 4%-s aRmoCnda TamaSis motivi dominanturi.
119
7 wlianTa A100%-s dominanturi swavlis motivi aRmoaCnda.
eqsperimentuli jgufis 5 wlianebTan dominanturi swavlis motivi
moswavleTa 72%-s aRmoaCnda, xolo 28%-s aRmoaCnda TamaSis motivi. 6
wlianebis 68%-s dominanturi swavlis motivi aRmoaCnda, xolo TamaSis
motivi mxolod 32%-s aRmoCnda dominanturi.
7 wlianTa jgufTan swavlis motivi dominanturi aRmoCnda 33%-
isaTvis, TamaSis motivi _ 67%-isaTvis. (mocemuli Seusabamobis mizezi 7
wlianTa jgufis simcireSi mdgomareobs (sul 6 bavSvi iyo da aqedan 4-s
hiperaqtiurobis sindromi aqvs dasmuli diagnoziT) (ix. cxrili #25)
pirveli meTodika _ `motivacia~
cxrili #25
absoluturi sixSire fardobiTi
sixSire
jgufi ar aris aris sul ar aris aris
saeqsperimento 5 weli 1 22 23 4% 96%
6 weli 4 85 89 4% 96%
7 weli 0 10 10 0% 100%
sakontrolo 5 weli 7 18 25 28% 72%
6 weli 29 62 91 32% 68%
7 weli 4 2 6 67% 33%
SeniSvna: niSandebulia is SemTxvevebi, sadac gansxvaveba saeqsperimento da
sakontrolo jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris.
5 da 6, 7 wlianebis Sedarebisas eqsperimentul jgufSi miviReT, rom
X2=0,001; Pp<0,05. mocemul SeTxvevaSi am jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba
sandoa. sakontrolo jgufSi ki X2=0,137; Pp>0,05. gansxvaveba sando ar
aris.
TanamSromlobis unaris kvlevisas miviReT, rom:
eqsperimentuli jgufebis xuTwlianebSi TanamSromloba SesZlo
moswavleTa 96%-ma, ver SesZlo mxolod 4%-ma.
120
6 wlianebis jgufSi TanamSromloba SesZlo moswavleTa 89%-ma, ver
SesZlo mxolod 11%-ma. 7 wlianTaA 100%-ma SesZlo TanamSromloba.
sakontrolo jgufis 5 wlianebTan TanamSromloba SesZlo 32%-ma, ver
SesZlo 68%-ma. 6 wlianTa jgufSi ki 49%-ma SesZlo TanamSromloba, ver
SesZlo 51%-ma. 7 wlianebis 100%-ma ver SesZlo TanamSromloba
(hiperaqtiurobis sindromi) (ix. cxrili #26)
meore meTodika _ `TanamSromloba~
cxrili #26
absoluturi sixSire fardobiTi
jgufi ar aris aris sul ar aris aris
saeqsperimento 5 weli 1 22 23 4% 96%
6 weli 10 79 89 11% 89%
7 weli 0 10 10 0% 100%
sakontrolo 5 weli 17 8 25 68% 32%
6 weli 46 45 91 51% 49%
7 weli 6 0 6 100% 0%
SeniSvna: niSandebulia is SemTxvevebi, sadac gansxvaveba saeqsperimento da
sakontrolo jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris.
5 da 6, 7 wlianebis jgufebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom
eqsperimentul jgufSi X2=0,979; Pp<0,05. amitom, mocemul jgufebs Soris
gansxvaveba sandoa, xolo sakontrolo jgufSi X2=2,407; Pp>0,05.
gansxvaveba sando ar aris. miuxedavad imisa, rom 5 wlianebTan
eqsperimentul jgufSi moxda monacemebis gaumjobeseba, es jgufi mainc
sagrZnoblad CamorCeba 6 da 7 wlianebis jgufs.
6 da 7 wlian bavSvebTan eqsperimentul jgufSi X2=13,222; p=0,000.
gansxvaveba sandoa, 7 wlianebTan ufro kargi monacemebia, xolo
sakontrolo jgufSi X2=5,535; Pp<0,02. mocemul jgufSi gansxvaveba
sandoa, oRond amis mizezi sakontrolo jgufis 7 wlianebis simcire da
bavSvTa hiperaqtiurobis sindromia.
nimuSis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris kvlevisas miviReT, rom 5
wlianTa eqsperimentul jgufSi nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba 100%-ma
121
SesZlo, xolo sakontrolo jgufSi 80%-ma SesZlo, 20%-ma ver gaarTva
Tavi mocemul davalebas.
6 wlianebTan eqsperimentul jgufSi warmatebiT gaarTva Tavi
davalebas 97%-ma, ver gaarTva 3%-ma. sakontrolo jgufSi ki mxolod
88%-ma gaarTva Tavi davalebas, ver gaarTva Tavi 12%-ma. 7 wlianebis
jgufSi 90%-ma jgufSi warmatebiT gaarTva davalebas Tavi, xolo ver
gaarTva 10%-ma. sakontrolo jgufis 83%-ma gaarTva Tavi, ver gaarTva
Tavi 17%-ma (ix. cxrili #27)
mesame meTodika _ `saxli~
cxrili #27
SeniSvna: niSandebulia is SemTxvevebi, sadac gansxvaveba saeqsperimento da
sakontrolo jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris.
5 da 6, 7 wlianebis jgufebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom
eqsperimentul jgufSi X2=7,97; pP<0,05. mocemul SemTxvevaSi jgufebs
Soris gansxvaveba sandoa, xolo sakontrolo jgufSi X2=1,033; Pp>0,05.
gansxvaveba sando ar aris. sakontrolo jgufis bavSvebs askobrivi
sxvaobebis miuxedavad TiTqmis erTnairi monacemebi aqvT.
6 da 7 wliani bavSvebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom eqsperimentul
jgufSi X2=6,503; Pp<0,05. mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa,
xolo sakontrolo jgufSi gansxvaveba sando ar aris. mocemul
asakobriv jgufebs TiTqmis erTnairi monacemebi aqvT.
wesis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris kvlevisas miviReT, rom
eqsperimentuli jgufis 5wlianebs Soris wesis mixedviT moqmedeba 61%-ma
absoluturi sixSire fardobiTi
jgufi ar aris aris sul ar aris aris
saeqsperimento 5 weli 0 23 23 0% 100%
6 weli 3 86 89 3% 97%
7 weli 1 9 10 10% 90%
sakontrolo 5 weli 5 20 25 20% 80%
6 weli 11 80 91 12% 88%
7 weli 1 5 6 17% 83%
122
SesZlo, mxolod 39%-ma ver SesZlo. sakontrolo jgufSi ki 20%-ma
SesZlo, ver SesZlo 80%-ma.
6 wlianebis eqsperimentul jgufSi wesis gaTvaliswineba SesZlo
moswavleTa 72%-ma, ver SesZlo 28%-ma. sakontrolo jgufSi ki ver
SesZlo 53%-ma moswavleebisa, SesZlo mxolod 47%-ma.
7 wlianebis eqsperimentul jgufSi wesis mixedviT 80%-ma SesZlo,
xolo 20%-ma davalebas ver gaarTva Tavi. sakontrolo jgufSi davalebas
Tavi gaarTva 50%-ma, xolo 50%-ma ver SesZlo daavalebis Sesruleba (ix.
cxrili #28).
meoTxe meTodika _ ki da ara ar Tqva
cxrili #28
SeniSvna: niSandebulia is SemTxvevebi, sadac gansxvaveba saeqsperimento da
sakontrolo jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris.
5 da 6, 7 wlianebis jgufebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom
eqsperimentul jgufSi X2=1,654; Pp<0,05. maT Soris gansxvaveba sandoa.
miuxedavad imisa, rom eqsperimentuli jgufis 5 wlianebma ukeT gaarTves
Tavi davalebas, vidre sakontrolo jgufis mocemuli asakis bavSvebma, 6
da 7 wlianebis upiratesoba udavoa; sakontrolo jgufSi X2=6,005;
Pp<0,01.
6 da 7 wliani bavSvebis Sedarebisas ki eqsperimentul jgufSi
X2=11,014; gansxvaveba sandoa, xolo sakontrolo jgufSi X2=0,017;
pP>0,05. gansxvaveba sando ar aris.
absoluturi sixSire fardobiTi
jgufi ar aris aris sul ar aris aris
saeqsperimento 5 weli 9 14 23 39% 61%
6 weli 25 64 89 28% 72%
7 weli 2 8 10 20% 80%
sakontrolo 5 weli 20 5 25 80% 20%
6 weli 48 43 91 53% 47%
7 weli 3 3 6 50% 50%
123
2. 3. korelacia seqtembrisa da maisis monacemebs Soris
eqsperimentul jgufSi inteleqtualuri mzaobis kvlevis dros
seqtembrisa da maisis maCveneblebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom r=0,730,
dominanturi motivebis kvlevisas ki miviReT, rom r=0,172, TanmSromlobis
unaris monacemebis Sedarebisas _ r=0,241.
nimuSis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris monacemebis Sedarebisas r=0,117,
xolo wesis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris kvlevisas r=0,410.
sakontrolo jgufSi inteleqtualuri mzaobis monacemebis
Sedarebisas miviReT: r=0,896; dominanturi motivis kvlevis monacemebis
Sedarebisas _ r=0,641; TanamSromlobis unaris monacemebis Sedarebebisas
_ r=0,719; nimuSis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris monacemebis Sedarebisas _
r=0,506; wesis gaTvaliswinebiT muSaobisas _ r=0,599.
udavoa, rom sakontrolo jgufSi fiqsirdeba maRali korelacia
seqtembersa da maisSi miRebul monacemebs Soris, xolo eqsperimentuli
jgufis moswavleeebs Soris korelacia sakmaod dabalia (ix. cxrili
#29).
korelacia (seqtembrisa da maisis maCveneblebs Soris)
cxrili #29
jgufi
mzaoba
pirveli
meTodika
meore
meTodika
mesame
meTodika
meoTxe
meTodika
saeqsperto 0.730 0.127 0.241 0.117 0.410
0.000 0.058 0.008 0.199 0.000
sakontrolo 0.896 0.641 0.719 0.506 0.599
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
amis Semdeg pirvelklaselebi davyaviT asakobrivi jgufis mixedviT,
miviReT Semdegi Sedegebi: (ix. cxrili #30)
124
korelacia seqtembris da maisis maCveneblebs Soris asakobrivi
jgufebis mixedviT
cxrili #30
jgufi asaki mzaoba
dominan-
turi
motivebi
TanamSrom-
lobis
unari
nimuSis
mixedviT
moqmedebis
unari
wesebis
mixedviT
moqmedebis
unari
eqsperi-
mentuli
5 0,371 0,183 0,127 0,375 0,247
6 0,754 0,312 0,267 0,165 0,412
7 0,874 0,764 0,527 0,468 0,612
sakont-
rolo
5 0,870 0,686 0,728 0,375 0,408
6 0,897 0,855 0,698 0,527 0,632
7 0,869 0,632
mocemul SemTxvevaSic dafiqsirda sakontrolo jgufSi ufro
maRali korelacia seqtembersa da maisSi Catarebul monacemebs Soris,
vidre eqsperimentul jgufebSi. 5 wlianebTan yvelaze dabalia korelacia
seqtembersa da maisSi miRebul Sedegebs Soris. e.i. mocemuli meTodika
efeqturi aRmoCnda 5 wlianebis jgufisaTvis. SedarebiT maRali
korelacia daafiqsirda saskolo inteleqtualuri mzaobis monacemebs
Soris da nimuSis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris kvlevis monacemebs Soris,
saerTod ar dafiqsirda korelacia TanamSromlobis unarsa da wesebis
gaTvaliswinebiT muSaobis unars Soris. 5 wlianebTan nimuSis mixedviT
muSaobis unari marTalia gavarjiSda, magram ufros bavSvebTan mocemuli
unari ukeTesia (rac fiziologiuri TaviseburebiTaa gamowveuli).
sakontrolo jgufSi ki 5 wlianebTan yvelaze maRali korelacia
aris inteleqtualurad mzaobasa da dominantur motivs Soris. xolo
SedarebiT dabali _ nimuSis mixedviT muSaobis unaris monacemebs Soris.
mocemuli unaris gaumjobeseba dafiqsirda sakontrolo jgufSic.
125
6 wlianebTan SedarebiT maRali korelacia dafiqsirda
inteleqtualuri mzaobis monacemebs Soris, xolo yvelaze dabali
korelacia ki nimuSis mixedviT muSaobis unars Soris. mocemuli unari
yvelaze metad swored 6 wlianebTan ganviTarda. (swored 6 weli aris
senzitiuri periodi wvrili motorikis ganviTarebisaTvis.)
7 wlianebTan SedarebiT maRali korelacia seqtembrisa da maisis
monacemebs Soris dafiqsirda inteleqtualuri mzaobisa da dominanturi
motivebis kvlevis monacemebs Soris, yvelaze dabali ki nimuSis mixedviT
muSaobis unars Soris. 7 wlianebis umravlesoba mzad iyo seqtemberSi
inteleqtualurad skolisaTvis, maT umravlesobas dominanturi swavlis
motivi hqondaT. amiT aixsneba maRali kavSiri seqtembris da maisis
monacemebs Soris. xolo nimuSis mixedviT moqmedebis unari (romelic
moiazrebs wvrili motorikis ganviTarebas, nebismier yuradRebas)
mocemuli 8 Tvis ganmavlobaSi gavarjiSda.
6 wlianebTan sakmaod maRalia korelacia seqtembersa da maisis
monacemebs Soris. maTgan yvelaze maRalia korelacia inteleqtualuri
mzaobis monacemebs Soris. SedarebiT dabali korelacia nimuSis
mixedviT muSaobis unaris monacemebis Sedarebisas miviReT. mocemuli
unari sagrZnoblad gaumjobesebulia 6 wlianTa jgufebSic.
7 wlianebTan aseve maRali korelaciaa dafiqsirebuli seqtembrisa
da maisis monacemebs Soris. miRebuli Sedegebis analizis safuZvelze
SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom seqtembersa da maisis monacemebis Sedareba
gviCvenebs, rom g. vitclakis testisa da n. gutkinas mier SemuSavebuli
programis monacemebTa Soris maRalia korelacia sakontrolo jgufebSi.
xolo eqsperimentul jgufSi korelacia an Zalian dabalia, an saerTod
ar aris. mniSvnelovani cvlileba aris 5 wlianTa jgufSi. rogorc Cans
Cvens mier SemuSavebuli programa aRmoCnda Zalian efeqturi 5 wlianebis
jgufisaTvis. gamowveulia Tu ara mocemuli sxvaobebi korelaciebs
Soris zemoTCamoTvlili aqtivobebiT? Catarebuli kvlevis
safuZvelze miviReT, rom:
126
marTlac dafiqsirda mniSvnelovani sxvaobebi eqsperimentul da
sakontrolo jgufebs Soris. mocemuli gansxvaveba eqsperimentul
jgufSi miRebuli monacemebis gaumjobesebiTaa gamowveuli. (ix. cxrili
#31).
mzaoba
dominan-
turi
motivis
kvleva
TanamSrom-
lobis
unaris
kvleva
nimuSis mixed-
viT moqmedebis
unaris
kvleva
wesebis mixed.
moqmedebis
unaris
kvleva
sul
jgu
-fisxvaoba abs % abs % abs % abs % abs % abs %
saeqsper
imento
monacemebi
gauaresda 00 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 0,3
monace-
mebi igive
darCa
81 66 77 63 56 46 71 58 71 58 356 38
127
Cvens mier Catarebuli aqtivobebis Sedegad moswavleTa
umravlesobas gauumjobesda saskolo inteleqtualuri mzaobis
monacemebi. umravlesobisaTvis wamyvani aRmoCnda saskolo motivi.
moswavleebs ganuviTardaT TanamSromlobis unari rogorc
ufrosebTan, ise TanatolebTan, xolo nimuSis mixedviT moqmedebis
unaris kvlevisas dafiqsirda SedarebiT mcire gaumjobeseba.
mesame klasSi Sefasebis sistemaze gadasvlam SesaZlebloba mogvca
erTmaneTisaTvis Sgvedarebina eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufebi
akademiuri moswrebis TvalsazrisiT. skolaSi, sadac kvlevas vatarebdiT
Sefasebis sistema 10 baliania. akademiuri moswrebis kriteriumad kvlav
aviReT saSualo moswreba 3 sagnis mixedviT (mSobliuri ena, maTemetika,
ucxo ena). miRebuli Sedegebi moyvanilia cxrilSi (ix. cxrili #32).
inteleqtualuri mzaoba da akademiuri moswreba
cxrili #32
monacemebi
gaumjo-
besda
41 34 44 36 66 54 50 41 51 42 254 41
sako
ntrolo
monace-
mebi
gauaresda
2 2 1 1 4 3 1 1 0 0 8 1
monacemebi
igive
darCa
111 91 97 80 105 86 95 78 96 79 504 85
monacemebi
gaumjo-
besda
9 7 24 20 10 11 26 21 26 21 58 10
mzaobadominan-turi
motiviskvleva
TanamSrom-lobis unariskvleva
nimuSis mixed-viT moqmedebis
unariskvleva
wesebis mixed.moqmedebis unariskvleva
sul
jgu-fi
sxvaoba abs % abs % abs % abs % abs % abs %
128
rogorc cxrilidan Cans, skolisaTvis moumwifebelbavSvebs Soris
eqsperimentuli jgufSi Sefaseba 6-s Rebulobs moswavleTa 6%, 7-s _ 43%,
8-s _ 43%, 9-s mxolod 8%.
skolisTvis momwifebul bavSvebs Soris Sefaseba 6-s 0% Rebulobs,
7-s _ 3%, 8-s _ 45%, 9-s _ 51%, xolo 10-s _ 1%.
sakontrolo jgufis skolisTvis moumwifebel bavSvebs Soris
Sefaseba 6-s Rebulobs moswavleTa 59%, 7-s _ 31%, 8-s _ 6%, xolo 9-s
mxolod 4%.
skolisaTvis momwifebuli bavSvebs Soris 6-s Rebulobs 3%,7-s _
16%, 8-s _ 53%, 9-s _ 27%, xolo 10-s _ 1%.
saeqsperimento da sakontrolo jgufis skolisaTvis moumwifebeli
bavSvebis monacemebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom X2=486,651; Pp=0,000.
mocemul jgufTanac gansxvaveba sandoa, xolo saeqsperimento da
sakontrolo jgufis momwifebul bavSvTa monacemebis Sedarebisas
miviReT, rom X2=73,006; Pp=0,000. mocemul jgufebTan gansxvaveba sandoa.
aseve gamovyaviT 5 wlianebis jgufi (visac 6 weli seqtembris Semdeg
SeusruldaT). aseT eqsperimentul jgufSi 23 bavSvi gvyavda, maTgan 17 ar iyo mzad
inteleqtualurad skolaSi saswavleblad, xolo 7 bavSvi iyo mzad.
eqsperimentul jgufSi 25 xuTwliani moswavle gvyavda. maTgan 15 ar iyo
mzad, xolo 10 inteleqtualurad mzad aRmoCnda.
gvainteresebda, aris Tu aris gansxvaveba akademiur warmatebebs Soris
sakontrolo da eqsperimentul jgufebs Soris.
amisaTvis eqsperimentuli jgufis monacemebi SevadareT sakontrolo jgufis
monacemebs (ix. cxrili #33)
saeqsper
imento
monacemebi gauaresda 0
0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 0,3
monace-mebi igive darCa
81 66 77 63 56 46 71 58 71 58 356 38
monacemebi gaumjo-besda
41 34 44 36 66 54 50 41 51 42 254 41
sako
ntrolo
monace-mebi
gauaresda2 2 1 1 4 3 1 1 0 0 8 1
monacemebi igive darCa
111 91 97 80 105 86 95 78 96 79 504 85
monacemebi gaumjo-besda
9 7 24 20 10 11 26 21 26 21 58 10
129
inteleqtualuri mzaoba da akademiuri moswreba xuTwlianebis jgufSi
cxrili #33
6 7 8 9 10 sul
abs % abs % abs % abs % abs %
eqsperimentuli
jgufi1 4 7 30 10 44 5 22 0 0 23
sakontrolo
jgufi8 32 8 32 6 24 3 12 0 25
X2=6,2 p<0,05
eqsperimentul da sakontrolo jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa.
eqsperimentuli jgufis xuTwlianebs ukeTesi niSnebi aqvT sakontrolo
jgufis xuTwlianebTan SedarebiT. (ix. cxrili #34)
akademiuri moswreba xuTwlianebis jgufSi
cxrili #34
6 7 8 9 10 sul
eqsperimentuli
inteleqtualurad
moumwifebeli1 7 6 2 0 16
momwifebuli 0 0 4 3 0 7
sakontrolo
inteleqtualurad
moumwifebeli7 4 3 1 0 15
momwifebuli 1 4 3 2 0 10
eqsperimentuli jgufis inteleqtualurad momwifebul da moumwifebel
bavSvebs Soris X2=6,1; p<0,05 (mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa). sakontrolo
jgufSi inteleqtualurad momwifebul da moumwifebel bavSvebs Soris X2=7,2; p<0,05
(mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa). amis Semdeg SevadareT eqsperimentuli
da sakontrolo jgufis skolisaTvis moumwifebeli bavSvebi erTmaneTs. X2=7,2; p<0,05
(mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa). xolo eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo
jgufis skolisaTvis momwifebuli bavSvebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom X2=5,85; p<0,05.
(mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa). xolo eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo
jgufebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom X2=9,1; p<0,05 (mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba
sandoa).Cvens mier Catarebuli aqtivobebi aisaxa 5 wlianTa saskolo warmatebebze,
rogorc xuTwlianTa skolisaTvis moumwifebel, ise momwifebul bavSvebze.
130
1999 wels Cvens mier Catarebuli iqna kvleva, “saskolo warmatebebze
asakobrivi sxvaobebis gavlena”. erTmaneTs vadarebdiT ianvridan ivnisis
CaTvliT dabadebul bavSvebs ivlisidan dekembris CaTvliT dabadebul
bavSvebTan. dadgenil iqna, rom V klasis CaTvliT Tavs iCens saskolo
warmatebebze asakobrivi sxvaobis gavlena, “didi bavSvebi” ufro
warmatebulebi arian, vidre “patarebi”. amitom, Catarebuli gamokvlevebis
Semdeg “didi bavSvebis jgufi” isev SevadareT “patara baSvebis jgufs”.
miviReT Semdegi Sedegi (ix. cxrili #35)
asakobrivi sxvaobis gavlena akademiur moswrebaze
cxrili #35
asakob
rivi
jgufe
bi
sul
abs % abs % abs % abs % abs %
eqsperimentuli
jgufi
“patar
ebis”1 4 7 30 10 44 5 0 0 23
“dideb
is”2 2 16 16 42 43 38 1 99
sakont
rolo
jgufi
“patar
ebis”3 32 8 32 6 24 3 0 0 25
“dideb
is”4 23 19 20 37 38 18 0 0 96
eqsperimentuli jgufisaTvis X2=4,55; p<0,05 (mocemul jgufebs
Soris gansxvaveba sandoa), xolo sakontrolo jgufisaTvis X2=4,3; p<0,05
(mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa).
miuxedavad imisa, rom Cvens mier Catarebuli aqtivobebi aisaxa 5
wlianTa saskolo warmatebebze, 5 wlianebi mainc CamorCebian 6 wlianebs
saskolo warmatebebis mixedviT. Cven SevadareT eqsperimentuli jgufis
“didi bavSvebis” jgufi (ianvridan ivnisis CaTvliT dabadebulebi)
“patara bavSvebis” jgufs (ivnisidan dekembris CaTvliT dabadebulebs).
131
davadgineT, rom maT Soris mainc SenarCunebulia asakobrivi sxvaobebis
gavlena akademiur warmatebebze.
calke gamovyaviT skolisaTvis inteleqtualurad moumwifebeli
bavSvebis jgufi, vinaidan inteleqtualuri mzaobis monacemebs da
dominanturi motivis, TanamSromlobis unaris, nimuSisa da wesebis
mixedviT muSaobis monacemebs Soris maRali korelacia miviReT,
skolisaTvis moumwifebeli bavSvebis jgufi mxolod inteleqtualuri
mzaobis parametrad SevarCieT. eqsperimentul da sakontrolo jgufebSi
skolisaTvis moumwifebeli bavSvebis Tanabari raodenoba gvyavda,
ToToeulSi 49 bavSvi (cxrili #36)
korelacia seqtembris da maisis maCveneblebs Soris skolisaTvis
inteleqtualurad moumwifebeli moswavleebis jgufisaTvis
cxrili #36
jgufi
inteleqtua
l-uri
mzaoba
dominanturi
motivis kvleva
TanamSrom
-lobis
una-ris
kvleva
nimuSis
mixedviT
muSaobis
unaris
kvleva
wesebis
mixedviT
muSaobis
unari
eqsperime
-ntuli0,65 0,351 0,298 0,291 0,543
sakont-
rolo0,996 0,876 0,819 0,665 0,789
sakontrolo jgufSi ufro maRali korelacia dafiqsirda maissa da
seqtemberSi Catarebuli kvlevebis monacemebs Soris. amis Semdeg skolisaTvis
moumwifebeli bavSvebis jgufi davyaviT asakobriv jgufebad. miviReT: skolisaTvis
moumwifebeli bavSvebis asakobriv jgufebad dayofisas miviReT, rom sakontrolo
jgufSi korelacia ufro maRalia, vidre eqsperimentul jgufSi (ix. cxrili #37)
korelacia seqtembrisa da maisis maCveneblebs Soris skolisaTvis
inteleqtualurad moumwifebeli moswavleebis jgufisaTvis asakis
mixedviT
cxrili #37
132
jgufi
inteleq-
tualuri
mzaoba
dominantu-
ri motive-
bis kvleva
TanamSrom-
lobis
unaris
kvleva
nimuSis
mixedviT
muSaobis
unari
wesebis
mixedviT
muSaobis
unari
saeqspe
-rimen-
to
5 w 0,271 0,283 0,111 0,276 0,247
6 w 0,454 0,312 0,268 0,205 0,412
7 w 0,385 0,465 0,527 0,408 0,611
sakont
-rolo
5 w 0,864 0,786 0,721 0,475 0,508
6 w 0,896 0,855 0,758 0,636 0,613
7 w 0,869 0,632 0,752 0,832 0,891
gamowveulia Tu ara eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufebis
seqtembersa da maisSi Catarebuli kvlevebis monacemebis korelacias Soris
sxvaobebi Cvens mier Catarebuli aqtivobebiT. Cvens mier Catarebuli kvlevis
Sedegad miviReT Semdegi Sedegebi _ (ixileT cxrili # 38)
inteleq-
tualuri
mzaoba
dominan-
tu-ri
motivebis
kvleva
Tanam-
Sromlo-
bis
unaris
kvleva
nimuSis
mixedviT
muSaobis
unaris
kvleva
wesis
mixedviT
muSaobis
unaris
kvleva
jgu
fi
sxvaoba abs % abs % abs % abs % abs %X2=2512,8
p=0,000
imentu
li
monacemebi
gauaresda0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 2
mocemul
jgufebs
133
monacemebi
igive darCa32 65 37 76 29 59 40 82 29 60
Soris
gansxvaveba
sandoamonacemebi
gaumjo-
besda18 35 11 22 20 41 9 18 20 40
sako
ntrolo
monacemebi
gauaresda 2 4 1 2 9 6 1 2 0 0
monacemebi
igive darCa38 78 38 78 43 88 42 84 40 88
monacemebi
gaumjobesd
a
9 18 10 20 3 6 7 14 9 18
eqsperimentul jgufSi z=13,49>1,97 p=0,000.
sakontrolo jgufSi z=8,75>1,97 p=0,000
maSasadame, eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufebis monacemebs
Soris sxvaobebi eqsperimentuli jgufebis monacemebis gaumjobesebiTaa
gamowveuli.
SemogTavazebT Cvens mier miRebuli Sedegebis analizs:
mocemulma kvlevam daadastura Cveni hipoTeza imis Sesaxeb, rom
pirvelklaselTa garkveuli nawili (gansakuTrebiT 5 wliani bavSvebis
jgufi) ar aris mzad skolisaTvis. rogorc ukve avRniSneT, saskolo
mzaoba gulisxmobs fizikur, inteleqtualur, socialur-pirovnul
mzaobas. skolisaTvis moumwifebloba ki Semdegi mizezebiTaa gamowveuli:
1) ganviTarebis Seferxeba;
2) pedagogiuri CamorCena;
3) c.n.s-is adreuli dazianeba;
4) garemos da aRzrdis ukmarisoba;
5) janmrTelobis problemebi.
vinaidan TiToeul bavSvs ganviTarebis sakuTari istoria aqvs,
amitom mocemuli faqtorebis arseboba gavlenas axdens maT skolisaTvis
moumwifeblobaze.
134
Tu gavixsenebT im faqtsac, rom gasuli saukunis 70-ian wlebSi
ganaTlebis sistemaSi mimdinare reformis Sedegad skolaSi swavlis
dawyebis 7 wlis asaki 1 wliT iqna daweuli da 7 wlis bavSvis fsiqikur
Taviseburebebze gaTvlili programa 6 wlianebze meqanikurad iqna
gadatanili. arada, swored 7 wlis asakSi xdeba mniSvnelovani Zvrebi
bavSvis fizikur, inteleqtualur (vigotski 1982 : 376-386)
81.(piaJe 1994 : 680), socialur sferoSi, xolo 5-6 wlis asaki asakobrivi
periodizaciis Teoriebis Tanaxmad skolamdel periods miekuTvneba.
gasakviri sulac ar aris, rom 5 wliani bavSvebis 67% skolisaTvis
moumwifebelia.
Cvens mier Catarebuli gamokvlevebis Sedegad aseve dadginda, rom
moswavleebs, romlebic mzad arian inteleqtualuri TvalsazrisiT
skolisTvis wamyvani swavlis motivi aqvT, rasac safuZvlad
TanatolebTan TanamSromloba, maswavleblis interesebis gageba,
muSaobis wesebis gaTvaliswineba da nimuSiT xelmZRvanelobis unari
udevs, xolo skolisaTvis moumwifebel moswavleebs wamyvani TamaSis
motivi aqvT. maT uWirT TanatolebTan TanamSromloba, wesebis dacviT
muSaoba da muSaobisas nimuSiT xelmZRvaneloba.
miRebuli Sedegebi Semdegi mizezebiTaa gamowveuli: swavlis
motivebi 2 jgufisagan Sedgeba. pirvel jgufs miekuTvneba saswavlo
saqmianobasTan uSualod dakavSirebuli motivebi. esenia bavSvis
SemecnebiTi interesebi da inteleqtualuri aqtivobis moTxovnileba.
xolo motivebis mere jgufs swavlis farTo socialuri motivebi
warmoadgens – romelic ufrosebTan urTierTobas da maTgan Seqebis
miRebis moTxovnilebas moicavs.
aqedan gamomdinare bunebrivia, rom maRali inteleqtis bavSvs
SemecnebiTi interesebi da inteleqtualuri aqtivobis moTxovnileba
ufro mkafiod aqvs gamoxatuli. rac Seexeba saskolo inteleqtualuri
mzaobis donis gavlenas TanamSromlobis unaris ganviTarebis doneze,
mocemuli Sedegi mTlianad emTxveva e. kravcovas Teorias saskolo
mzaobis Sesaxeb, romelic mzaobis kriteriumad urTierTobis sferos
ganviTarebas miiCnevs. e. kravcova gamohyofs urTierTobis sferos 3
komponents: damokidebulebas ufrosebTan, TanatolebTan, sakuTar TavTan
135
da miiCnevs, rom TanamSromlobisa da kooperaciis kargi unari maRali
inteleqtiTaa ganpirobebuli. mocemuli Sexeduleba exmaureba Hh.
garneris mosazrebas (garneri 2001 : 215), romelic inter- da
intrapersonalur inteleqts zogadi inteleqtis Semadgenel komponentad
moiazrebs.
nimuSis mixedviT da wesebis gaTvaliswinebiT muSaobis unaris
kavSirs saskolo inteleqtualur mzaobasTan Semdegnairad vxsniT.
nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba moiazrebs yuradRebis koncentraciis
garkveul dones, sivrcis aRTqmas, sensomotorul koordinacias
motorikis ganviTarebas, xolo wesebis gaTvaliswinebiT muSaoba
nebismieri yuradRebis, nebismieri mexsierebisa da azrovnebis garkveul
dones. inteleqtis bunebis mkvlevari mecnierebis mier SemuSavebuli
inteleqtis sazomi testebi ki swored mocemul funqciebs ikvlevs.
amitom am davalebebis Sesrulebas Soris kavSiri calsaxaa.
rac Seexeba moumwifebeli fsiqikuri funqciis ganviTarebis sakiTxs,
Cvens mier SemuSavebuli ganmaviTarebeli programa bavSvis ufrosebTan
urTierTobis, maTTan Sexebisa da aRiarebis miRebis, axali
STabeWdilebebisa da Sejibris situaciaSi mogebis moTxovnilebas
efuZneboda. amasTanave, SejibrSi gamarjvebas Tan axlavs dadebiTi
emociuri muxti.
ganmaviTarebeli gakveTilebis dros bavSvebi mocemuli
moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas sakuTari Zalebis aqtivaciiTa da
davalebis sworad Sesrulebis Sedegad axdenen (konovalenko 2004 : 207,
fomiCeva, xodori 1978 : 44-52)
.
TandaTan Seqebis miRebis, gamarjvebis moTxovnilebam adgili axali
STabeWdilebis miRebis moTxovnilebas dauTmo da sabolood SemecnebiTi
moTxovnilebis formireba moxda.
SemecnebiTi moTxovnileba swavlis motivis Semadgeneli nawilia,
xolo n. gutkinas mosazrebis Tanaxmad, Tu bavSvSi interess gamovwvevT,
maSin mexsierebisa da yuradRebis problemebi aRar vlindeba (Tu saqme
ara gvaqvs mocemul funqciis paTologiur darRvevasTan).
136
Cvens mier gamokvleuli bavSvebis umravlesobam g. vitclakis testis
da n. gutkinas mier SemuSavebuli programis Sesrulebisas dabali
qulebi swored im subtestebSi miiRes, romlebic bavSvis nebismier
mexsierebasa da nebismier yuradRebas ikvlevs. amitom udavoa, rom
swavlis motivis formirebam mocemuli funqciis ganviTareba gamoiwvia.
rac Seexeba Cvens mier SemuSavebuli ganmaviTarebeli programis
gavlenas moswavleTa akademiur warmatebebze.
n. gutkina saswavlo procesSi davalebis xarisxianad Sesrulebisas
moRebul niSans TamaSis situaciaSi gamarjvebasTan aigivebs. orive
miRwevis motivs emyareba. swored amitom, Sejibrebis tipis davalebis
SesrulebiT bavSvebs gavuRviveT warmatebis miRwevis, anu kargi niSnis
miRebis survili.
aqve minda Sevexo im faqts, rom pirvelklaselTa umravlesobas
gauWirda TanatolebTan TanamSromloba da davalebis Sesrulebis
wesebis dacva.
Cvens mier gamoyenebuli wesis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris kvleva ki
sxva araferia, Tu ara Cveulebrivi verbaluri TamaSis wesebi. miuxedavad
imisa, rom skolamdeli bavSvis wamyvani motivi TamaSia, bavSvebis
umravlesobas swored am davalebis Sesruleba gauWirda.
es faqti SesaZloa Semdegi mizezebiT iyos gamowveuli:
1) saqarTveloSi macxovrebel ojaxebSi bavSvebis raodenobis
simciriT (Tanamedrove ojaxisaTvis 3 bavSvi didi iSviaTobaa).
2) skolamdeli bavSvebis umravlesoba ar TamaSobs ezoSi
TanatolebTan.
3) mSoblebis dakavebulobis gamo bavSvebis didi nawili ZiriTad
dros ZiZebTan atarebs. ZiZebis umravlesoba ki mxolod bavSvebis
movliT arian dakavebulni.
4) bavSvebi iSviaTad TamaSoben tradiciul TamaSebs.
5) tradiciuli TamaSebi (siuJetur-roluri da ganmaviTarebeli)
adgils uTmobs televizoris yurebasa da kompiuterTan TamaSs.
miuxedavad am ukanaskneli TamaSis sakmaod bevri dadebiTi
maxasiaTeblisa, bavSvi maT mainc marto TamaSobs.
137
6) mSoblebi skolamdeli bavSvebs adre rTaven sistemuri swavlebis
procesSi. iqneba es ucxo enis, cekvis Tu sportuli seqciebi, ris
gamoc bavSvebi moklebuli arian TanatolebTan TamaSs uSualo da
arasistemur garemoSi.
TanatolebTan TanamSromlobisa da muSaobis wesebis
gaTvaliswinebis unari mniSvnelovani unarebia saskolo swavlebis
procesSi. mocemuli unarebis ganviTarebis dabali doniT aris
gamowveuli is faqti, rom pirvelklaselebs uWirT saskolo reJimis
dacva, maswavleblis mier miwodebuli instruqciis gaTvaliswineba, xolo
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im faqtsac, rom maswavlebeli garkveul miTiTebas
ara calkeul bavSvs, aramed 20-25 bavSvs erTad aZlevs, saskolo wesebis
dacva did sirTules warmoadgens.
pirvelklaseli Tavs ver moiazrebs klasis wevrad da roca
maswavlebeli mTel klass mimarTavs. moswavleTa umravlesoba ver
acnobierebs, rom moTxovna masac exeba. xolo, radgan pirvelklaselTa
Soris skolisaTvis moumwifebeliA moswavleTa 40%-ia, es arc Tu ise
dabali maCvenebelia. Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom skolisaTvis
inteleqtualurad moumwifebeli bavSvebis umravlesobisaTvis
dominanturi TamaSis motivia, maT uWirT TanatolebTan TanamSromloba,
nimuSisa da wesebis gaTvaliswinebiT muSaoba, pirvelklaselTa 40%-
isaTvis skolaSi Sesvla warumateblobisa da fsiqikuri travmebis
dasawyisia.
amdenad, ganmaviTarebeli gakveTilebis Sedegad bavSvebs
ganuviTardaT motivaciuri sfero, moqmedebis nebismieri regulaciis
unari, fsiqikuri funqciebi. yovelive es maT akademiur moswrebaze aisaxa.
III Tavi. daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi
daskvnebi
Cvens mier Seswavlil iqna pirvelklaselTa inteleqtualuri da
socialur-pirovnuli mzaoba. kvleva Cautarda 244 pirvelklasels,
romelTagan 128 iyo gogona, xolo 116 vaJi. maTi asaki 5-dan 7 wlamdea.
inteleqtualuri mzaoba vikvlieT g. vitclakis testiT “skolaSi
swavlebis unari, socialur-pirovnuli mzaoba” da n. gutkinas mier
138
Sedgenili programiT “6-7 wlis bavSvebis saskolo fsiqologiuri
mzaobis kvleva”.
Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegad miviReT, rom:
1. g. vitclakis monacemebis mixedviT, saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi
pirvelklaselTa umravlesoba inteleqtualurad mzad aRmoCnda
skolisaTvis.
2. n. gutkinas mier Sedgenili programis mixedviT, pirvelklaselTa
umravlesobasTan dominanturi swavlis motivi aRmoCnda.
3. n. gutkinas mier Sedgenili programis mixedviT, pirvelklaselTa
umravlesobas gauWirda TanatolebTan TanamSromloba.
4. n. gutkinas mier Sedgenili programis mixedviT, pirvelklaselTa
umravlesobam SesZlo nimuSis mixedviT muSaoba.
5. mocemuli programis mixedviT, pirvelklaselTa umravlesobas
gauWirda wesebis gaTvaliswinebiT muSaoba.
6. 5-wlianTa umravlesoba inteleqtualurad moumwifebeli aRmoCnda
skolisaTvis, maTTan dominanturi TamaSis motivia, maT uWirT
TanatolebTan TanamSromloba, nimuSis mixedviT muSaoba da wesebis
dacva.
7. g. vitclakis da n. gutkinas mier SemuSavebuli programebis
monacemebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom moswavleebs, romlebic mzad
aRmoCndnen inteleqtualurad skolisTvis, wamyvani swavlis motivi
aqvT, SeuZliaT TanatolebTan TanamSromloba, wesebis
gaTvaliswineba da nimuSiT xelmZRvaneloba. xolo moswavleebs,
romlebic inteleqtualurad ar aRmoCndnen mzad skolisaTvis,
wamyvani TamaSis motivi aqvT, maT ufro uWirT TanatolebTan
TanamSromloba, wesebis dacva da nimuSiT xelmZRvaneloba.
8. moswavleebi, romlebic saskolo cxovrebis dasawyisSi ar iyvnen
mzad skolisaTvis, Semdgom klasebSi dabali akademiuri moswrebiT
gamoirCevian.
9. pirvelklaselTa fsiqologiur Taviseburebebze dayrdnobiT Cven
SevimuSaveT da davnergeT ganmaviTarebeli gakveTilebis programa.
mocemulma programam dadebiTad imuSava eqsperimentuli jgufis,
rogorc skolisaTvis moumwifebel, ise momwifebuli bavSvebze.
139
seqtembersa da maisSi Catarebuli kvlevebis Sedegebs Soris
dafiqsirda mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba. mocemuli gansxvaveba
eqsperimentuli jgufis bavSvebis inteleqtualuri, motivaciuri,
nebelobiTi, socialuri procesebis gaumjobesebiTaa gamowveuli.
10. inteleqtualuri, motivaciuri, nebelobiTi da socialuri procesis
gaumjobeseba eqsperimentuli jgufis 5-wlian bavSvebTanac moxda.
11. eqsperimentuli jgufis bavSvebis (maT Soris 5-wlianebis)
inteleqtualuri, motivaciuri, nebelobiTi, socialuri procesebis
ganviTareba moswavleTa akademiur moswrebazec aisaxa.
rekomendacia
1. 5-wlianebis umravlesoba skolisaTvis inteleqtualuri da
socialur-pirovnuli TvalsazrisiT moumwifebelia. miuxedavad
imisa, rom Cveni programis Sedegad 5-wlianebis monacemebi
gaumjobesda, isini mainc CamorCebian inteleqtualuri mzaobis
parametriT 6 da 7-wlianebs. amitom umjobesia, skola pirvel
klasSi im bavSvebs Rebulobdes, romlebsac 6 weli 1 seqtembramde
SeusruldebaT.
2. moswavleTa swavlisa da ganviTarebisaTvis saukeTeso pirobebis Seqmnis
mizniT skolaSi fsiqologis da pedagogis TanamSromloba aucilebelia.
3. ganmaviTarebeli gakveTilebis programis efeqturobis
gaTvaliswinebiT sasurvelia mocemuli tipis gakveTilebis
danergva pirveli klasis saswavlo programaSi.
damowmebani
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danarTi
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