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6 Vol. 26, No. 255, 2009
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8 Vol. 26, No. 255, 2009
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10 Vol. 26, No. 255, 2009
L
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Shan Herald Agency for News 11
INDEPENDENCE
f:dyH95b;yH oK'yrv,yrz:oyr a'gufwm trf;zGef;
{+yD 27 &ufonf EkdifiHausmfaw;a&;q&m a'gufwmpkdif;crf;vdwf. ESpf 60 jynfharG;ae@ jzpfygonf?
Freedom Way Band Zd%f;avsm wD;0d kif;tzGJ@ ESif hcsif;rkdifo#rf;pmay,Ofaus;r_toif;wdk@ uruxðyI q&mhukd=unfnKdav;pm;=uonfh xkdif;EkdifiH csif;rdkifa&muf q&mhausmif;aebuf/ rdwfaqG/ wynfh/ y&dwfowfrsm;uusif;yonfh arG;ae@yGJyl;aygif;qifE$JoGm;cJh=uonf?
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“awmifay:wdkif;&if;om;q&m pdkif;crf;vdwf&J@ aw;oDcsif;awG b,fvdkvkyf+yD;Armjynfvlxk=um;xJ xdk;azgufEdkifcJhovJqdkwm usrt&rf;pdwf0ifpm;w,f? ArmjynfukdoGm;vnfawmhvnf; aw;a&;q&mpdkif;crf;vdwf bmjzpfvdk@ emrnf}uD; ae&ovJqdkwmvnf; t&rf;pdwf0ifpm;w,f?”
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EdkifiHausmf aw;a&;q&m a'gufwmpdkif;crf;vdwftepf 60 arG;ae‹
ynm±Sifwa,mufygbJ/ ±Srf;vdk/ Armvdk/ t*Fvdyfvdka&;pyfw,fqdkawmh o#rf;trsKd;om;awGtwGuf t&rf;*k%f,lrdygw,f” [kajym.?
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a'gufwm pkdif;crf;vdwfonf 1949 {+yDv 27 &ufuodEDM®r@ [kdwJef@&yfuGufwGifarG;zGm;cJhygonf? odEMDapmfbGm;}uD;.trwf/ ±Srf;pmqkdawmfvkH;crf;um-ygpdefOwkd@. om;orD; 4a,mufteuf 'kwd,om;}uD;jzpfygonf? ZeD;a'gufwmEGJ@EGJ@wifESifhtwl om;orD; 4 a,muf xGef;um;.? q&mpkdif;crf;vdwfonf1965-66 uwnf;u acwfay:aw;oDcsif;rsm; pwifa&;pyfcJh+yD;,ckcsdeftxd acwfay:o#rf;tyk'fa& 1000 ausmf/ t*FvdyfoDcsif;35 yk'f/ ArmoDcsif; tyk'fa& 500 0ef;usifESifh ±Srf;acwfay:aw;trsm;tjym;a&;om;cJhaoma=umifh yifvHk®r@y&d,wWd owf"rRygvpmjye fy G JtE Sp f 50 jynf h a± $&wkobif tcrf ;tem;usif;ya&;aumfrwDu 2008 *|efvwGif o#rf;pmqdkawmfqk csD;jr‡ifhcJhygonf? Ô
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12 Vol. 26, No. 255, 2009
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Olif;[BbwB.b+ifhzAif;ymefrfgb nefwFifb_+ifh_ydkeftzjzAif;yluf;
olef;zkufbqfg umefqdlOf hqmwfj? umefz.rf h=rfj? umefvkufhzdkefh?
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eefh e.ufjvdlOfao Olif;qdlif;vFOf; Olif;vAOfauMj efg;_e.ufjqdkifjwB;
nrfbrD;Olif;vfgxFifj/ ugmrf;acMjeBh rdlefwif;orfbrFefrFef;[FefbomefrdkOf;
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qdlif;vFOf; yAefqdkOfjzdkefvdufjyluf;wdkefb umefz.rfh=rfjqdlOfh
qmwfj tvjyAefqdkOfj Olif; [BbwB.b+ifhzAif; musical band eifbuef
neftwbauMbwifjrM;z.if;[mifyD 1983 / qdlif;vFOf; y.ifbOMj-v.uf;vBm;
yBm;qdlif;ykefjydlOfjumefv.wfjvFOf;? vBm;qdlif;,dlif;ql;wDjv.wfjvFOf;/
Freedom’s Way means the way to be free, the way of freedom
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y.wf;qmef; SSA qOfjqmrfrfgb yefykefjz.ef;tvj zljrD;qefU
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tvj qBm;rl; qB.jwFrfj[mifjefg;yyfh qdlif;vFOf; / q.rf;eifb qBm;rl;
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[Of;awv.wfjvFOf; n.efwmif;okwf;/ qBm;rl; wFifb_+ifhurfjerf/
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auMj qdlOf;vkufj[Aef;qefhq.rfefg;OAif;tvj ulef;ekrfbzlj[ufhqmwfj
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ydkef;uFyfjOlif;qdlif;vFOf; (Freedom Way Band)
05b'yr]C;yr Freedom Way Band lwKTS-.k Z06dyrX l-s/ -6oyl5b;y/ 9kjv5r/ 0wKr]GdyT/ 0wKr,5r lwKTS-.k Zo'yhX loy]w:/ 0wKrvb9yr
1984 Zd%f;avsmFWB0kdif;awmfom;rsm; qc[/ cGefaq/ omOD;/ pkdif;vdwf/ pkdif;rl; (1960-95)/ qefvG,f (1958-99)/ pkdif;tpf (1979-86)
Shan Herald Agency for News 13
INDEPENDENCE
(rldif;yAif;)? qBm;ndwf; (uRufhtr;) cOf qdlOf;arM[Bbwdifb_wFifbzAif;
uwfhcFefbqdlOf;eBhauMj wef;qB.jwB.b[Bbq.rf; qdlif;vFOf; rM;y.wf;n.efb
w.efjedkifj/
qdlif;vFOf; rBm 1-Oef;wB;[Of;awv.wfjvFOf; qBm;rl; auMUvAOf
wFrfj_+ifhrlwf;/ rBm 5 xdkif 8 auMj qBm;rl;wFrfj_+ifhauMUvAOfoAifj/
qdlif;vFOf; rBm 2b3b4 auMj qBm;rl; auMUwFrfj_+ifherf? qBm;wMbnl;?
qBm;vAufh? qBm;oefvB. cOfwFrfj_+ifhq.rf;urfjz.ifj? emif;oFifidkef;
+ifh=Ofedkifj/ qBm;ckefodlOfwB.bu.if? qBm;wMbnl; qBm;vAufh qBm;oefvB.
Rhythms ? qBm;rl; Lead guitar / qBm;oFifqdkefjtwh qB.jwB.b Bass
rmifzAif; efg;qdlif;vFOf; 1b2b3 nrfbrD;nef+ifh/
zAif;ugmrf;umefrdlif;/ ,lbr.ufj 2 yDao qBm;oBmrmOf; y.ufjrdlOf;ugMbefg;rdlif;
wfgj=rfjzlpf;ydlefj/
1993 qBm;wMbnl; qifbn.ef=Of [mifj[Fef;cdkify.if n.ufbidkef;
urfUqB.jao nwf;ydkef qdlif;vFOf; rBm 9 a[MvlifuAif;wkif qBm; James
[Awf; music wif;cFyf;/ qBm;oFifqdkefj nOfqdkOfj olrfjclrf[dkef; ao
twb[FufjwFifb_+ifhq.rf;/ odkyfbeefhao,Ofh qdlif;vFOf;nwf;n.ufbcFyf;
cfgjuljyD rdlefeifb
qldif;vFOf;rBm 10 (1994) ylb[Aifvkif;crf;
qBm;vmefhrmOf;[Awf; music
l6bxyjokhS@*
0;yh-6boyrly./ 0;yhdKoyrp:9yh/ 0;yhx6boy-,yr
p0fcif;qm,D/ pkdif;u%f;,Guf (1960-2004)/ pkdif;yifcrf;0wKrl5b;y-,yr Zz5hly.j],yjlG'yzG'yr dK'y0y.gdkT]6dyTz6boytX
classic guitarist pkdif;aqcrf;-vm;¶Sd; (1958-1985)
qldif;vFOf;rBm 2 (1986) vdlwfjwB;_aebOdef;qlefcFyf;qB.U
qBm;rl; [Awf; music urfjerf? oefvB.wFrfj_+ifhz.ifj/
qldif;vFOf;rBm 3 (1987) cOfjomefuMj_cFyf; 75
qBm;rl; [Awf; music urfjerf?
oefvB. wMbnl; qBm;vAufh +ifhz.ifj/
qldif;vFOf;rBm 4 (1988) Burmese Socialism
oefvB. wFrfj_+ifhauMUvAOfoAifjao[Awf; music
qldif;vFOf;rBm 5 (1988) iB.;wifjvrf
qBm;rl; ([Bbwdifb=pfbvAOf)
qldif;vFOf;rBm 6 (1989)
umifqfgauMUvkufhzdkefh (zAif;qBm;umef;,.wfj)
qBm;rl; music_wFifb_+ifh
qldif;vFOf;rBm 7 (1990) [email protected]'@oD@[mifelufh,kif;
qBm;rl; music_wFifb_+ifh
qldif;vFOf;rBm 8 (1991) odlOfaw+ifh,Ofh (vBjydkef 1993)
qBm;rl; music_wFifb_+ifh
xdkifrM; 1991 qBm;rl; zmwfb,mef qdlif;vFOf; rdlOf;ugMbefg;
rdlif;wB; wDjqkrf;wB;udkwf;odkuf;y.wf;+ifb r.ufj 2 yD/ qBm;oBmrmOf;
vmOfydlif;cOf zFOfrM;=Ofrdlif; efg; 1992 auMj nrfbvBjnwf;ydkef
qBm;rl;y.ufjrM;cdkef;efg;yD 1994 eefhauMj nrfbwef;vBj
cOfj=rfjOlif;qdlif;vFOf;? [Bbwdifb=pfbvAOfnwf;n.ufbcFyf;edkifj awMbayM;
vyf;wMvdkrf;rdlif;ugMb wDjn.ifj=def;uOfbref; Omefjvuf;wFifb rdlOfj 26U
12U1994/
qldif;vFOf;rBm 11 (1995) wB;wdkufhw.if;,lb
James [Awf; music
qldif;vFOf;rBm 12 (1996) 96-97 yDi'Bm;vlif
James [Awf; music
qldif;vFOf;rBm 13 A (1999) OmefjuOfbvOfj[mrf;_=def;[Of;
James [Awf; music
qldif;vFOf;rBm 13 B (1999) =dOf;rfgb
James [Awf; music
efg;umifyD 1999 qBm;oefvB.auMj vkugMbwDj=def;ref;
Omefj=pfjO.ef rdlif;Zmif z.if;nM,k 40 yBm/
qldif;vFOf;rBm 14 (1999) ulef;[mrf;okefbvBj
James [Awf; music
14 Vol. 26, No. 255, 2009
L
ymifckuf;xlyf; ,kufh,.ifjOef;udlwfb cl;arMwFifbzAif;ymefrfgb
qBm;crf;vAuf; nMb,k 60 yD tvj yDu.ef;idkef;Olif;qdlif;vFOf; 25 yD
(Oef;xd 27_04_09) eefh yAefwdkOfUwmif; ydlOfjwMbxwf;omifcdkef;
iOf;vBm;zAif;ugmrf; ymefrfgb[Of; wifjtwbylefUrM;awMb,mrf;vAOf ndufb
rdlOf;eMj/
umyfjymefylefUrM; 30-40 yDeefU wdlufjwDjOMj cdlifj[BbwB.bwdkifj
zAif;ugmrf;yBbcdkufUcFrfUcdkwf;yAif;rdlOfjvAOfaowMUauMj zAif;ugmrf;ymefrfgb
uljy.ufjeBU nefvDOlefUtvj nefvDx.rfb (erfUugmrf; tvj vrfboAif)
rD;cOfjcdkifjuef/ ymefrdlOfjvAOforfU cdlifj[BbwB.bwdkifjrdOf@odufU (mu-
sic) cdkwf;umyfjcdkufUw.ef; vDx.rfberfrM;aowMUauMj nefvDOlefUq.rf;
erfUugmrf;edlOfUzAif;orfU nrfbayM;vdkufUvrfbqefUokif/
rdOf@odufU (music) zAif;ugmrf; (song) eefh nOfoif[Awf;
❑ vrfboAif (melody, tune) iBm;rdleftc;_rDbuD;
❑ erfUugmrf; edlOfUzAif; (words, lyrics) iBm;rdlefcOfjoAefjcOfjoB.;/
❑ v.ifj[BbwB.b (beat, rhythm)iBm;rdlefOmefbofgb
umyfjymef,mrf;vAOfrD;rM;xFifj
❑ [mifjwlifUudkuf;zAif;ugmrf; (music video) ([dkOf) cM@'M@nlOf@ac@
(Karaoke) - iBm;rdlefzdlef_wifb_[mefUcBm_wDjeifjudefcOfjoAefj_
cOfjoB.;/
oAif[BbwB.bwdkifjvrfboAifzAif;ugmrf; (music) nefOMjeBU
rD;nlnBm[Fif;iOf; (influence) cdkufU,fgb/ qmifj[Awf;{j-
▲ qfgqMUyAefqfgvD? qfgvDyAefqfgqMU
▲ qfgnlefjyAefqfgcFif? qfgcFifyAefqfgnlefj
▲ qfgwluf;yAefqfgcdkefj? qfgcdkefjyAefqfgwluf;
▲ qfgqif;yAefqfg[ufU? qfg[ufUyAefqfgqif;
▲ qfg,BmjyAefqfgz.rfU? qfgz.rfUyAefqfg,Bmj
▲ qfg,mefjyAefqfg[wf;? qfg[wf;yAefqfg ,mefj
▲ v.ifj,mefqfgyAefv.ifjqrfqfg? v.ifjqrfqfgyAefv.ifj,mefqfg
▲ v.ifj,.rf;umefUyAefv.ifjqAyf;qfg? v.ifjqAyf;qfgyAefv.ifj,.rf;
umefU
Oef;rdlOfjeBU iOf;vBm;ulef;rldif;wB;[Of;rD;qdlifU[dkOf?
,lbOBUqefUvfg
ulef;rldif;wB;uljqmOf;cdlOf;auMjvD? qmOf;wB;uljcdlOf;uljrdlif;auMjvD?
xB;? vmOf;auMjvD- ,lbefg;iOf;vBm;qfgqMUqfgnlefj qfg,Bmj qfg,mefj
qfg,.rf;? qfg,mefuef OBU,lb/
zdkefcmOfb Bangkok Post wFrfjcdlOf;acMj,ifbqfg survey
nefvBjuAyf;+rfc.efj[kyfjefg;vkufj[Aef;xB; uAOfbvlpfjv.ifjnOfukifbrkef
wlOfuOfbudlwfbrM;yAefxB; (wlefjqfg[ufUqmwfj) rD; 38% ulpf;/ qdlOf;
udkwf; 62% twUyBbqmifjwFyf;wwf;-OMjeB/
nrfbvdlOfaoqdkifjxB; yAefrldif;v.wfjvFOf;u.ef;acM? rD;qOfja[M
crf; n.ef=Ofymefodkyfbymef refjudkrf;=dOfj=dif;rM; eyfU=OfymufbyD?
ulef;ekrfbvkufj[Aef;ymefrfgb,mrf;vAOf orfUvlrfvmrfOifbOdlOfjirf;iOf;rM;
wduf;wduf;/ v.ifj=rfqlrf;nOfukifbrkefwlOfuOfbudlwfbyAefxB;auMUedkifj
eefUauMj nlefj,.rf;ugMb/ ykefjydlOfjwB;zmefrdlif;? wB;,mefrldif;[Of;
orfUawyAef[dkOf</
idlefjoFwfboBmiBmnefeBU qmifj[Awf;{j wB;cdlOf;vfgcdlOf;eefU
O.wfjOBm;[BmvBmvBj/ ayM;wB;aocdlOf;cdlOf; okwf;qdlOfUokwf;zef;
qlrf[BmugMb-vmOf;? xB; orfUawodkyfb,lb[dkifvBjxFifjuMj[dkOf/
ydlOfjwMbcmrfjylefUvBjaz;cAefvlifnefeBU
wB;cdlOf;vfgcdlOf;eefU tvjoif? wB;cdlOf;edkifjtvjcdlOf;edkifj
tvjoif? wB;uljcdlOf;cdlOf; tvjoif- wuf;vBjqfgvD? qfgcFif? qfgcdkefj?
qfg[ufU? qfg[wf;? qfgqrfuefrM;/ ayM;eefqifbcdlOf;vfgcdlOf;eefUvfg?
idlefjcdlOf;wif;oAifjvfg - aw,lbrefjudkrf;,dkef;,mOf;vBj/ ydlOfjwMb
qdlOfUcdlOf;qkuf;refj,dkef;,mOf;vBjeefU nlnBm[Fif;iOf;vrfboAifbzAif;
ugmrf; ymefrfgb[Of;auMjcdkufUcrfbvrfbv.ifj? rD;ykefjz.ef;,fgbvlif/
w.efjv.uf; (role) oAifugmrf;Omef (music) [Of;rD;oif? rD;qdlifU
[dkOf/ q.ifb[Of;[Awf;=Of[kyfj xwf;omifwlpf;/ xkufbvDwrf;yuf;
vuf;umefOMj- zAif;ugmrf;[Of;wuf;vBjyAef,dlOfbqdlufj rdlef,mifumOf;
uyf;qyf;uBmbclOfyef {judlwfbyAefv.ifjqrfqfg [ufU-tr;-z.rfU-qB.j/
(1) wuf;vBjqdydlif;,dlif;ql; eifb[dkOfqfgqMUyAefqfgvD? qfgnlefj
yAefqfgcFif/ qfgqif; qfg,Bmj qfg,.efb qfg,mefj ,Aef;yAefqfg[ufU
omifjqmwfjvlpfjoAifzAif;ugmrf;
-5r-6boyrly. ,:dyj]K9yhg-khd.K,yr ;oyrmb #)2%2#QQ+
q&mcif;qm,D-rdef‹cGef;ac|pOf
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Shan Herald Agency for News 15
INDEPENDENCE
qfgcdkefj qfgz.rfU qfg[wf; qfgqrfuefudlwfbyAefrD;rM;/
(2) uyf;uBmbvrfboAif_v.ifj[BbwB.b_edlOfUzAif; erfUugmrf;auMj wuf;vBj
rD;v.uf;rD;ydlif OFyfb,mifb (system, style) vDimrf; rD;wDjy.ifb
ugmrf;rBmvdkufUugmifjqefUokif? rD;nefwifjnef=yf;? u.ifUuBmb
uyf;wmrf;erfUugmrf; (lyrics) cdkufUcFrfU/
nrfbqfgjOMjn.ufboAifugmrf;auMjql;,OfUayM;,OfU/ wuf;vBjrdlef
eifbzkufbwlefjrBU? nrfbqfgjvMjvDjzkufb? vdlufjqdlOfUzef;? Zkefbifgj?
wDjvdef? erfU omifbxkufbaozkufb? orfUrD;auMUvkrf;vM;/ vMjvDj
zkufbauMjnrfbyAefwlefj/ yAefwlefjauMjnrfbqfgj wlefjcdlOf;r.ufbrmufb
rD;uMjrD;cef? vMjvDjwFifbauMjnrfbyAefoAifzAif;Omefqyf;olyf;qyf;qfg?
nrfburfUnD;umefomifjqmwfj qdlifUeifbqBm;crf;vAuf; qBm;rl; cOfn.ef
ymufjv.ifjtewmif;yluf;y.ifrM;/
(3) wFifbzAif; {jerfUugmrf;edlOfUzAif; yAefvifbuMb (rD;acMjwifj
acMj=yf; rdlefqBm;umef;,.wfj_qBm;crf;vAuf;_qBm;vmOfydlif;cOf
arMwFrfjcdkufUvdkufUyM;r.ufbrmufb)/ ydlOfjwMbedlOfUzAif;cFrfUw.ef;
eefU wuf;vBjuBUvluBUnmefb vAyfj[Aef;ugmrf;vlif ,fg;[dkef
zdkefyyfUvdufjuOfb vdufjvlif qdlifUeifbqBm;crf;vAuf; qBm;umef;
,.wfjcOf/ ulef;ekrfb,mrf;vAOfxkufbvBjvl,dlifjcOfqOfj/
(4) xB.jugmrf;edlOfUzAif;qBm;crf;vAuf; tvj qdlif;vFOf; nef,mrfj
wFifb+ifUrM;uMju.efbylefUuljy.ufjtwU ,dlif;ql;efg;wB;? ulef;rdlif;
wB;x.rfbulpf;/ nrfbOMjoFef;[kefjuOfb_[kefjrfgbawMb,mrf;vAOf/
iOf;vBm;,mrf;vAOforfUwuf;vBj {jwB;uljwDj uljrdlif;x.rfbvBj
[yfUvBj? qifbawyAef,dlOfbqdlufj nefnOfyBmurfoAifzAif;
uyf;omeftewmif;vBjcdkOf;,rf/ qB.j{jqrfqfguef wdwf;qyf;
uef/ayM;cdlOf;wB;ndlrfjqrfcOfjqfgwdwf;qyf;uefrM;auMj awyM;
uefcdkefj,fgb? cmrfjylefUvBjv.ifj,lyfj,.rf;e.rf;nlefjn.efbtn;
,lb,mrf;vAOf/
umefz.rfUyFif;c.efj[Fif;eBU nrfbu.rfUOMjyAefykefjz.ef;ZBmbumef
rdlif;? umefodkuf;? umefrmufjrD;? umefyluf;y.ifz.if;irf;olef;wkrfulpf;/
w.efjvrfboAifzAif;ugmrf;? v.ifjwB.b[Bb (music) auMj rD;ykefjz.ef;
urfUqB.jyef[Fif;vBj,fgberf/ v.ifjnOfrkef,.ifja,M; Oef;ckuf;xlyf;
nMb,k 60 yD qBm;crf;vAuf; tvj yDu.ef;idkef;Olif;qdlif;vFOf; 25 yD
wuf;vBjnOfyAefwdkOfUwmif;wlOf,mifbyluf;olef; ulef;ekrfboFef;[kefjrfgb
cOf odkyfbomefumefomifjqmwfjugMbrdlOf;eMj/
qBm;cdkef;ofg (17_04_09)
qldif;vFOf;rBm 15 (2001) acMjxmrfxdkiferfhclif;
qBm;vmefhrmOf;[Awf; music
qldif;vFOf;rBm 16 (2002) =dOf;rfgbomrfqAifbcrf;
James [Awf; music (yM;zAif;olrfjqArf;Zmwfbekdifj=Of)
qldif;vFOf;rBm 17 (2003) aovBmerfhclif;
qBm;vmefhrmOf;[Awf; music
qldif;vFOf;rBm 18 (2004) udkifbwif;vkpf;
oFifoAifofg (rdlif;u.ufb) [Awf; music
qldif;vFOf;rBm 19 (2004) qBm;umef;,.wfj 1963
James [Awf; music
qldif;vFOf;rBm 20 (2007) u.ef (ATK + SWS [Awf; music)
qldif;vFOf;rBm 21 (2008) yB.b{j (ATK + SWS [Awf; music)
efg; 10 album yBmeBh e.ufjaoqBm;wMbnl;? qBm;oefvB.?
olrfjclrf[dkef;? oFif,Aefofg? qBm;vmefhrmOf;? James ? qBm;qefndef;
(vdlefqdkefj) emif;crf;uFOfj? emif;rsMU cOfqB.j+ifh,Ofh rD;rM;xFifj
qBm;oBmvmOf? emif;rlpfidkef;? Sumai 2? qBm;an;vAufU? emif;e.ifhelef;?
qBm;wdkef;vD? emif;oFifvdkef;? oFOf;[mef awMbxdkif qBm;v.rfhOkef;/
nefcdkufhvdlOfydlefj [Awf;{jZFef@ (fan) zAif;yef[Fif; qdlif;vFOf; erfrM;
eefh,.efh emif;rlpfidkef; (qmOf;aeM@Olpf@) auMU+ifhzAif; A Place
to Call Home wif;zAif;wB;urfjz.ifj/ ref;emif;yAefcl;o.efnif;udwfh
tvj cl;o.ef music (piano, guitar etc:) orfharMugmrf;wB; vdufjwB;
+ifhzAif;wB; [ufUumefwB;tvj qdlif;vFOf; awn.ufbrfgb efg; 2009 eBh
auMj ref;emif;wFifb_+ifhOBh xFifj 2 zAif;/
efg;yD 2009 eBh nM,k qdlif;vFOf; nef qBm;rl; n.efwifj
rM; c.yfjclyfb 25 yD yAefyDu.ef;idkef;? ykefjydlOfjumefqdlOfhqmwfj? umef
z.rfh=rfj umefvkufhzdkefheefh qdlif;vFOf; nOfwmif;arMyBm;r.ef; zAif;
ugmrf; [myfbudkwfhykefjz.ef;rM; yAefeifbrBhedkifjOM; cM;edkifjwFyf;/ vBjymufj
v.ifjtewmif; yluf;olef; qufhqkifulef;ekrfbqkyfjoFef;rfgbcOf odkyfb
,Ayfb,mifjyBq.rf;,dlif;nmef;ykefjumefqdlOfhcdlOf;/
rkifjr.if;OMj ulef;ekrfb[kefjrfgb ymefe.ifhekifjvkufjvmefcOf
aw=Uquf;OBheuf; [Awf;q.rf;ugmrf;ylbr.efbnefOMj- odlOfwBmodlOfwFef;-
vFef;wBmvFef;ykwfj/
ckuf;xlyf;eyfh,rf,.ifja,M; qBm;rl;? qBm;oefvB.? qBm;odlOfcrf;?
qBm;ndwf; nefyAefnlpf;auMU qdlif;vFOf; qdlOf;vyf;wMvdkrf;rdlif;ugMb
ykefjydlOfj[Of;[M; ndufbumefOmefjrdlif;/
qdlif;vFOf; u.ifvif-rdlif;rFOf; ? qdlif;vFOf; wuf;odkyfb =dif;oFOf; /
Olif; qdlif;vFOf; yDu.ef;idkef;
Freedom Wau Band Silver Jubilee, April 2009
l6bxyj,krokhS@$
16 Vol. 26, No. 255, 2009
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awr,whs'yrdGxyr,wT2-5b'yhg-H,ur ;5bPytcl\jd'yr
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o,ytpkvCdyTlb9yt (Acetyl Anhydride) 9K'yjx5b'yhmC'yh9'yro,y?
]C'yj-K;yj]K9yh;khSJawr,whd5;yj9:'yjpy.j $S% ]'y awKj]'y
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Shan Herald Agency for News 17
INDEPENDENCE
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pmrsufESm 36 okd‹
18 Vol. 26, No. 255, 2009
L
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Shan Herald Agency for News 19
INDEPENDENCE
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pmrsufESm 27 okd‹
20 Vol. 26, No. 255, 2009
L
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Shan Herald Agency for News 21
INDEPENDENCE
d.K,yr9C9yh
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Speak universally, Write locally: The Shan path to survival
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❑ d.K,yr9wr]5'ys;yr l6bxyjczh95boyr xGoy9uh0y.T96b;yr,kro,y9:oyr?
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❑ -G'yj9kT]wh ]:'yhx5boyhv5,yv6boy9K'yr]bdyh]wKrab'yhc'hz:'yh?
z:oyr0kTgdkh ,urp5jo'yjd;yj/ p:oytsoy,5b'yrmwroy.rmur;ur xGoy]:'yh]ud,yho,yc]h-w:gl -y.h,krp5j,5b'yrmwr sG9yrdKoy,5b'yrmwr/ gxkr,kr
zC;yp;yt ,5b'yrmwrxGoy,5b'yrxuh,5b'yro:'ytgl9kT ]:'yh]u]:'yh0kT,uro'yjdoyc]h xGoy9uh0y.]GdyT0y.ow:Tgdkh,urz:'yh?
vb'yrd]G9yh mwr lG'yv:dyj 9wr;kh]wh mw:h9wr2,Koyhvoy0y.Tp5j
Capital ��� m6oyH m6oyr 96boyr Zcdr]K'yr2v]K'yrX
Capitulate ���� p:,yHcztr p:,yrdKoyt
Capsize ��� ]5,yt ]5,yh xboyh
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Care ��������� v;yHd\wHlwj v;y0y.ly.j ]6,yr]kr
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Carrot ������������ s>3;yzdyjdK9yjfC'yH s;yzdyrdK9yj]C'y s^;y,5'yj]kj]C'y
Case � !�� ¤5b'ytFv'yt ]5b'yh v,6
Cash ������ '5boyHl59yj '6boyrl59yj 95;y'6boyr
22 Vol. 26, No. 255, 2009
L
d.K,yrl:oy,5b'yrx5boyh
Z,wK9:'yr doy @( v,yj]whly.jxkr?X
odlOf,Aef; clyf;OlOf;wBm
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The highest type of ruler is one whose existence the people are barely awareNext comes one whom they love and praiseNext comes one whom they fearNext comes one whom they despise and defy
Lao Tzu, Tao Te Ching, Chapter 17
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-6oy,5b'yrvoys<'yr]5'yr,kr d5oyr,5b'yr0,y0y.glp6dyTp:'yh
-6oy,5b'yr0oyts<'yr]5'yr,krmC'yh d5oyr,5b'yrzKoyhd5;y
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];yj06b;yj xxty 9;ty95b;yd\b'yr doy @)
Shan Herald Agency for News 23
INDEPENDENCE
ia7;vmwJhay;pmokd@ - o#rf;oHawmfqifht,f'Dwm
usaemfxkdif;rSmtvkyfvkyfaewm 10 ESpfausmfyg+yD? t&ifu *G%f;ac:pmapmifqkd&if usaemfodyfrzwfjzpfygbl;? *G%f;ac:rSmygwJh ta=umif;t&mawGukd odyfr,kHcsifvkd@vJygw,f?
'gayr,fh +yD;cJhwJh 2-3 vu usaemf±Srf;jynfjyefw,f? xkdif;ukdjyefvmawmhusaemfholi,fcsif;awGuvnf; pm;0wfaea&;tqifrajy=uvkd@ xkdif;ukdvkdufcsifw,fqkd+yD; usaemftygt0if a,mufsm;av; 6 a,muf rdef;cav; 4 a,muf pkpkaygif; 10 a,muf c&D;xGufvm=uw,f? xkdif;e,fpyf bDbD0rf;a&mufawmh vrf;jyu noef;acgif rSvmac:r,fqkdvkd@ usaemfwkd@ apmifhae&wkef; n 11 em&Davmufaygh usaemfwkd@tzGJ@rSm rdef;cav;awGygw,fqkdwJh owif;&vkd@ bDbD0rf;*dwfapmifh Armppfom;awGvm+cdrf;ajcmuf+yD;ac:oGm;w,f? awmxJa&mufawmh a,mufsm;av; 6 a,mufukd vufypfAkH;jy aoewfawh+yD; wjcm;ae&mrSmoGm;apmifhckdif;w,f? rdef;cav;4 a,mufukd olwkd@ac:oGm;awmh a,mufsm;av; 4 a,mufu -“[kdacG;aumifawG ,kH&wmr[kwfbl;? igwkd@oli,fcsif; r awGukdrawmfrw&m;usifh}uHrSmpkd;vkd@ olwkd@aemufvkdufoGm;r,f? ao&ifaoygapuGm” vkd@tcsif;csif;ajym+yD; vkdufoGm;=uawmh ppfom;awGeJ@pum;rsm;aewkef; olwkd@Akdvf}uD;upum;ajympufeJ@ vSrf;ac:rSusaemfwkd@ukd jyefv$wfay;wm?
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vlawGjrifawmhcsufcsif;qkdovkdowif;ysH@oGm;w,f? olwkd@Akdvf}uD;uodoGm;awmh “a[haumifawG eifwkd@vkyfykHu tm;vkH; iwfudef;qkdufawmhr,f? ac:oGm;wJhvlawGcsufcsif;jyefykd@” vkd@pcef;r–;ukdpum;ajympufeJ@vSrf;ac:ckdif;wmwJh?
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jynfolvlxkukd tEkdifusifhn‡if;yef;ESdyfpuf zsufqD;aewJh/uH-uH.tusKd;ukdr,kHwJhppfom;awG wae@olwkd@0ËfvnfrS/ ukd,fwkdifjyefóuH&rS r,kHcsifvJr&awmhbl;? tJ'DtcsdefukdusaemfhvkdbJtrsm;uar#mfvifh=ur,fxifyg&J@?
rdef;zSg@xifhxrf; 19§4§2009
pDyGm;a&;tuGufrsm;xyfcsay;olaÏ;awGaiGrJydkc0gcsEdkif
24 Vol. 26, No. 255, 2009
L
0 jynfaoG;pnf;a&;wyfrawmftzdk@ etz avmif;&dyfatmufcdk0if&ef t+rJzdtm;ay;cHvm&aomfvnf; [email protected];csufrsm;twGuf tajzr&rcsif; 0 zufrStajzay;&ef r±Sd[kqdk onf?
“olwdk@udk usaemfwkd@ar;wkef;uawmh olwkd@tajzray;cJhbl;/ ckusawmh olwkd@ar;cGef;awGtwGuf olwkd@tajzvdkcsifaew,fqdkwmrw&m;bl;av”[k trnfraz:vdkol 0 tkyfcsKyfa&;ESifhpnf;±kH;a&;t&m±SdwOD;uajymonf?
typf&yf UWSA onf r[mrdwftzGJ@0ifrsm;ESihftwl1993 rS 2008 txdusif;ycJhaom trsdK;om;nDvmcHokd@ wufa&mufcJh=u+yD; oHvGifta±S@bufjcrf; w±kwfe,fpyfwav#mufe,fajrrsm;tm; 0 tkyfcsKyfa&;a'otjzpf owfrSwfay;&ef tqdkðywifoGif;cJhonf?
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“òcH+yD;=unhf&ifawmht±_H;xuf usaemfwkd@tjrwfydkrsm;w,fxifwmbJ? jynfolvlxktzdk@ ppfab;uif;+yD; +idrf;csrf;pGmvkyfudkifpm;aomufae&wm 'g[myxrOD;qHk;yJ? vlxkynma&;A[kokw us,fjyef@vm+yD; usef;rmvm=uw,f? csKd@,Gif;csuf&,fvdk@ajymEdkifwmuawmh usaemfwkd@upD;yGm;a&;-a'ozGH@®z;a&;udkbJ tom;ay;aqmif±GufcJhwma=umifh EkdifiHa&;zufodyftm±Hk rpdkufEkdifwJhtcsufygbJ” [k 4if;uajymoGm;onf?
NDA-K ucsif/ MNDAA udk;uef@/ NDAA-ESS rdkif;vm;ESihf UWSA wkd@onf +idrf;csrf;a&;ESihf 'Drdkua&pDwyfOD; (PDF)
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“tJ'Duwnf;u b,folrStav;teufrxm;EdkifawmhyJtcsdefawGukefvGefcJhwmyg” [k oluqufajymonf?
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Shan Herald Agency for News 25
INDEPENDENCE
c&D;p&dwftqrwefrsm;jym;r_/ c&D;vrf;a0;uGmvGef;r_wkd@a=umif h ucsifjynfe,fylwmtdktusOf;axmifY tusOf;usaeonfh o#rf;wd kif;&if;om;rsm;'Drd kua&pDtzG J@csKyfOuUXOD;cGefxGef;OD;tm; axmif0ifpmvwdkif;oGm;a&mufawG@qHk&ef rdom;pk0ifrsm;tcuftcJóuH awG@ae&onf[k rdom;pk0ifrsm;u qdkonf?
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OD;cGefxGef;OD;onf axmifxJY wOD;wnf;ae&aomfvnf;usef;rma&;twGuf wpfae@wpfem&Domvrf;av#mufcGifh±S d+yD;/a&'D,dkem;axmifcGifhr&? pmzwfcGifh&aomfvnf; ppftpdk;&0g'jzef@pmayrsm;om tm%mydkifrsm;cGifhðyonf[k qkd.?
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vuf±Sdppftpdk;&onf zGJ@pnf;ykH tajccHOya't& vlxka±G;aumufwifajrmufonfh tpdk;&w&yfr[kwfaoma=umifhjypfr_qkdif&mOya'ESifh jyXmef;xm;onfh jynfwGif;Oya'jyXmef;csufudkazmufzsufwmjzpfonf[k AHRC tm±Svl@tcGifhta&; aumfr±Sifuvnf;qdk.? Ô
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD CPB rScGJxGufonfESifh 0jynfaoG;pnf;a&;wyfrawmf UWSA udk 1989 {+yD 17 &ufwGif yefqef;XmecsKyfY zGJ@pnf;xlaxmifcJhonf?
0 wyfzGJ@onf rl;,pfaq;0g;ESifhyufoufI emrnfqdk;jzifhausmf=um;cJhaomfvnf; vlxktay:rnfuJhodk@ =oZmv$rf;rkd;Edkifrnfudkodvmonfhaemufykdif; etztm;awmfvSef wkdufcdkufaeaomwyfzGJ@0iftrsm;ESifh&Hzef&Hcgem;vnfr_,lcsdwf qufyl;aygif;vmcJhonf?
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26 Vol. 26, No. 255, 2009
L
,ckESpfaEG&moD o#rf;jynf®r@e,ftawmfrsm;rsm; ±SifðyyGJ ESifhtv–yGJ aysmfyGJ±$ifyGJrsm;usif;ycsdef e,fajrcHppftpdk;& tm%mydkifrsm;u ta=umif;trsKd;rsK d;brf;jy+yD; &HyH kaiGtwGuf[kqkdumavmif;upm;0dkif;rsm;zGifhvSpfI odef;csD tcGefaumuf,la=umif;a'ocHvlxkuqdkonf?
vG,fac: bkef;}uD;ausmif; ðyjyifrGrf;rHa&;twGuf [kqkdumo#rf;jynftv,fykdif; aus;oD;®r@e,f r,u OuUX OD;cif vwfucv& 131 wyfa&;Adkvf}uD; &Jjrifhatmiftm; {+yDv 3&uf upIaus;oD;®r@abmfvHk;uGif;wGif avmif;upm;0dkif; uefx±kdufqGJcGifhay;+yD;tcGef usyfaiGodef; 150 xnfh&onf[kvnf;qkdyg onf?
avmif;upm;±kH/ yGJqdkifwef;/ ZmwfpiftwGuf aus;±Gmtkyfpkrsm;rS ±GmcHaus;vufvlxktm; 0g;vHk;tvHk;a& 70 rS 100 txdEGm;vSnf;/ axmfvm*sDwdk@jzifh wifydk@ay;&+yD; t"rRvkyftm;vnf;qifhqdkcJha=umif; aus;oD;®r@cHwOD;uajymjyonf? r,u OuUXOD;cifvwfonf z,fcHkbufwm0efuspOf bdef;+cHtcGef aumufpm;r_jzifh emrnf}uD;+yD; ,ckESpfOD;ydkif;rS aus;oD;okd@a&mufvmonfhr,u OuUXtopfjzpfonf[kqkdygonf?
xdk@twlvJcsm;®r@Yvnf; rwfv29 &ufrSpI 10 &ufwdwdavmif;upm;0dkif;ðyvkyf=uonf[k qdkygonf?
a'ocHwOD;u - “upm;0kdif;'dkifu 'k&Jtkyfodef;OD;/ r,uqDrSmyGJrdef@,lw,f? ta=umif;jycsufuawmh ®r@awmfpnfyifvSya&; twGuf/ vJcsm;®r@ajrmufbufrSm±SdwJh aemifcrf; uefysufðyjyifzdk@twGuf&efyHkaiGwJh? aps;qdkifwef;eJ@twlavmif;upm;0dkif;t}uD;tus,fzGifhw,f? tcGefoef;csDaumufw,f? ®r@e,fOuUX OD;cifaZmf tjyif cr& 515 eJ@ cv& 64 wdk@twGuf vJcJGay;&w,fvdk@ajymwmbJ? &yfrd&yfzawGuawmh om;orD;awGavmif;upm;0dkif; ae@nrjywf oGm;/ tdrfoHk;p&dwfxJ Ed_uf,loGm;wJhtwGuf rdom;pkpm;0wfae a&;tcuftcJjzpfw,f vkd@nD;ae=uw,f? aemuf+yD; yGJqlnHoH em;+iD;vGef;vdk@ tdyfr&bl;wJh? qdkifu,folcdk;awGvJ t&rf;rsm;vm w,f/ t"rRvk,ufr_awGvJ r=umc%bJ” - [kqdk.?
0dkif; 20 ausmf±Sdaom tHpmwHk;vdrfh (ukH;uif;)/ [dkif;vdk;ESifh 3 aumif*sif0kdif;rsm;u wn tcGef 1 odef; 1 aomif; / 36aumif(xD)/ av;aumif*sif ESifh zdkifhusL; (u|JusKdzJ) ponfh0dkif;}uD;rsm;u yGJodrf;csdeftxd 6 oef; tcGefaqmif&a=umif;/ 10 ay qdkifcef;wcef; 1 aomif; 5 axmif tcGefay;aqmif&a=umif;qdkonf?
yGJpnfap&ef ±Srf;Zmwfobifudk wn 3 odef;jzifh avmif;upm;0dkif;'dkifuiSg;vmcJhonf[kqkd.?
“yGJ'dkifuoef; 30 ausmftcGef&r,f? yGJtwGuftoHk; p&dwf[d kaºuG;'DaºuG;cu 15 oef;avmufbJ ukefw,fqd kawmh
oSsrf;jynftESH@avmif;upm;0dkif;zGifh-tm%mydkifrsm;tòydifabmfcsufol@rSmtenf;qHk; 16 oef;avmufusefw,f” [kqdk.?
jynfaxmifp ktjrpfwnf&m yifvH ka jrwGi fomrurdkif;udkif®r@ 0rfhzGD;aus;±GmtkyfpkYvnf; avmif;upm;0kdif; zGifhvSpfa=umif; a'ocHrsm;uqdkonf?
o#rf; jynfEd ki fi Ha&; apmif h =unf havhvmolwOD;u-“usaemfwdk@o#rf;jynfxJ tckvdkavmif;upm;0dkif;us,fus,f jyef@jyef@rvkyfwm=um+yD/ yxrtcsufu ppftm%mykdifawG vlxkudktm±kHv$JwmbJ/ EdkifiHa&;bufpdwfr0ifpm;atmifaygh? 'kwd,tcsufuawmh a±G;aumufyGJrwdkifcif &efyHkaiG±Smxm;wm jzpfzdk@rsm;w,f?aemufwcku - ppftpdk;&XmecsKyf aejynfawmftrdef@t& ppfwdkif;/'up/ AsL[m/ wyf&if;/ wyfcGJwdkif; udk,fydkif&efyHkaiG ±Smcdkif;w,f/qdkvdkwmu txufu vpmtjynfht0 ray;rau|;Edkifvdk@ tckvdk wdkif;jynftESH@ avmif;upm;0dkif;zGifhvmwmjzpfw,f” - [kqdk.?
2009 aEG&moDwGif oHvGifta±S@jcrf;rdkif;wHk®r@e,f yHkygusif®r@e,fcGJ±SifðyyGJta=umif;ðy+yD;avmif;upm;0dkif;'dkifuppfAsL[mr–;xHvmbfaiGxdk;um avmif;upm;0dkif;zGifhcJhonf? rdkif;jyif;®r@e,fwHkwmwdkufe,f odrfawmftv–yGJwGifvnf; avmif;upm;0dkif;±SdcJhonf? usKdif;wHk®r@e,f/ oHvGiftaemufjcrf;/ o#rf;jynfawmifydkif;®r@awmfawmfrsm;ESifh rlq,f 105 rdkif / erfhcrf;/ vm;±_d;wdk@wGifvnf;avmif;upm;0dkif;rsm;zGifhvSpfa=umif;a'ocHrsm;xHrS=um;od&onf?Ô
,cif erfhcrf; r,u OuUX atmifaZmfvwfuawmf.¶kdufpm;cGifhðycsufjzifh 2004 u
ay:wifzGifhvSpfcJhaom0rfhem;uGufopfavmif;upm;0kdif;'dkiftdrfa¶S‹pmwrf;
Shan Herald Agency for News 27
INDEPENDENCE
xdkif;EdkifiHwGiftvkyfvkyfaeonfh w&m;r0if tvkyform;rsm;twGuf tvkyfvkyfcGifhu'fjym; 7 odef;xyfxkwfay;rnfjzpfa=umif; xdkif;tvkyform;0ef}uD;Xmeu xkwfjyefonf?
{+yD 27 &ufu xdkif;tvkyform;0ef}uD; Edkif;zdkif;xGef;ausmufaxmif;u- tvkyf±Sifrsm;av#mufxm;csuft& a±$@ajymif;tvkyform;opf 7 odef;cef@±Sdonf[k cef@rSef;Edkifa=umif;/ xdkif;tvkyform;0ef}uD;Xmeu tvkyfvkyfcGifhu'fxkwfay;zkd@tjrefqHk;pwifaqmif±Gufawmhrnfjzpfa=umif; - qdkygonf?
xdkif;EdkifiHwnfqJOya't& a±$@ajymif;tvkyform;wdkif;b,fEdkifiHuvmonfudk av#mufv$mwif pdppfcH&rnfjzpfa=umif;/xdkif;tpdk;&xkwfay;xm;onfh tvkyfvkyfcGifhu'fjym;udkifaqmifxm;olrsm;twGuf2010 azaz:0g&Dtxdom tvkyfvkyfcGifh±Sda=umif;/ xdkif;tpdk;&csrSwfxm;onfh pnf;rsOf;twdkif; rvkdufemygu oufqkdif&mEdkifiHodk@ jyefydk@EdkifzG,f±Sda=umif;qufajym ygonf?
“tvkyform;opf 7 odef;twGuf t&ifqHk;tvkyfvkyfcGifhu'fjym;vkyfay;r,f? t&ifwkef;u vkyfxm;wJholawGeJ@ wloGm;atmifaygh/ 'gayrJh 2010 ESpfOD;ydkif;txdbJ tvkyfvkyfcGifh±Sdr,f?tJaemufydkif; zdqlwfqefcswfvdk@ac:wJh b,fEdkifiHu EdkifiHom;tppftrSefjzpfw,fqdkwJha=umif; taxmuftxm; jynfhjynfhpHkpkHeJ@oufaojyrSowfrSwfxm;wJh e,fpyfawGrSm ywfpfydk@oGm;vkyf& r,f/xdkif;bufutvkyfvkyfcGifh ADGZm 2 ESpfxkwfay;r,f ” [k csif;rdkif±Sda&$@ajymif;tvkyform; ulnDapmifha±Smufa&;tzGJ@u qdkyg onf?
tqdkyg zdqlwfqefcswf udpP/ xdkif; - ppftpdk;& yl;aygif;ywfpfydk@vkyfxkwfay;a&;udpPwkd@ESifhywfoufI xdkif;EdkifiH csif;rdkif Y10 ESpfausmf tvkyfvkyfonfh o#rf;jynfajrmufydkif; vm;±_d;Zmwd
xdkif;tvkyform;0ef}uD;Xmeu tvkyform; 7 odef; xyfvufcHrnfo#rf;trsKd;om;wOD;u -
“usaemfvm;±_d;ta±S@ajrmufbufrdkif 40 ausmf±GmawGbufuvmwmyg/ usaemfwdk@u ArmjynfrSwfyHkwifr±Sdbl;/ xdkif;udkvmwkef;uvJ veJ@csD+yD;awmvrf;uae vrf;av#mufvmwm/rdbvJr±Sdawmhbl;? ±GmqdkvJ 1985 avmufuwnf;u zsufqD;cH&w,f/ xdkif;tpdk;& tckvdkpDpOfwmu usaemfwdk@twGuf t&rf;pdwftaESmifht,Sufjzpf&w,f/ a±S@av#muf b,fvdkc&D;quf&r,frSef;awmifrodbl;? uav;uvJ xdkif;ausmif;wufaew,f/ Zmwdajrjyefzdk@vJrvG,fbl;? Armpum;vJ ajymwwfwmr[kwfbl;”?
b,fEdkifiHu EdkifiHom;tppftrSefjzpfa=umif; oufaojy(zdqlwfqefcswf) av#mufxm;+yD; xdkif;e,fpyf*dwf wmcsDvdwfYEdkifiHul;vufrSwfoGm;av#mufonfh a±$@ajymif;o#rf;tvkyform;tcsKd @ tzrf;cH&onfqdkonfh aumv[mvowif;xGufaeojzifha±S@qufzkd@twGuf ydkpdwf±_yfae&a=umif;vnf; tvkyform;todkif;t0dkif;u qdkonf?
2006 - 2007 wkef;u ,ckuJhokd@ EdkifiHul;vufrSwfESifhtvkyfvkyfcGifhAGDZmxkwfay;&ef taumiftxnfazmfcJhaomfvnf;avm0fESifhuarBm'D;,m;wdk@om atmifjrifoGm;+yD; jrefrmtvkyform;rsm; ,ckxdjy\emaomif;ajcmufaxmif óuHawG@ae&qJjzpfonf?
wbufuvnf; urBmhpD;yGm;a&;t=uyftwnf;a=umifhxdkif;EdkifiHonf ,ck2009 wGif tvkyfvufrJh vlOD;a& 2 oef;txd±SdEdkif+yD; trsm;tm;jzifh wjcm;wdkif;jynfrSvma&muf tvkyfvkyfudkifonfha±$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;jzpfrnf[k xkwfjyefcJhzl;onf?Ô
wdkufyGJESifhywfoufI PNLA OD;pD;csKyfAdkvfr–;}uD;cGefol&defuvnf;-
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ytdk0f;trsKd;om; vGwfajrmufa&; wyfrawmfwyfr 1 ukd
Adkvfr–;}uD;cGefpef;,kESifh 'kAdkvfr–;}uD; cGefausmfxifwdk@ OD;aqmifa=umif;/ autJef,lvufatmufcH u&iftrsKd;om; vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmfwyfr[m 3 rS wyf&if; 9 ESifhyl;aygif; ppfqifjcif;jzpfa=umif;/ cr& 426 ppfa=umif;rS tavmif; 12 avmif; ESifhtwlarmfxm 60 mm 1 vuf/ pufaoewf 1 vuf/ RPG 9 - 1vuf/ MA1, 2, 3, 4 8 vuf/ 9 mm ypPwdk 2 vuf/ pum;ajympuf2 vHk; odrf;qnf;&a=umif; Adkvfr–;}uD;cGefol&defu twnfðyajymqdkygonf?
wdkufyGJjzpfyGm;+yD;aemufydkif; ppftpdk;&bufrS AsL[mr–;Adkvfr–;}uD;rif;Edkifudk,fwdkif bef;,Ofodk@oGm;+yD; cr& 426 / 425/424/ 423/ 427 tiftm; 5 wyf&if;apvGwfI u&if ESifh ytdk0f;yl;aygif;wyfudkvdkufvH±SmazGaea=umif; ±Gmom;rsm;ajymqdkouJhodk@Adkvfr–;}uD; cGefol&defuvnf; twnfðyygonf?Ô
pmrsufESm 19 rS
28 Vol. 26, No. 255, 2009
L
awmfvSefa&;aumifpDacwf o#rf;jynfaumifpDOuUXa[mif;wOD;.om; [ife&Dat;onf ArmjynfwGif;rS o#rf;jynfya[Vd The Shan Conundrum in Burma pmtkyfxkwfa0jzef@csDvdkufonf[kqdkonf?
ArmjynfwGif;rS o#rf;jynfya[Vd The Shan Conundrum
in Burma pmtkyfrSm 252 rsufESm±Sd+yD; 2009 {+yD 14 &uf rSpIjzef@csDae+yD[k uavmif±Sif [efe&D - atmif;'a&; at; Henry -
Andre Aye u o#rf;oHawmfqifhtm; ajymjyygonf?o#rf;jynfzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'rl=urf; a&;qGJa&;aumfrwD
OuUX p0fcif;qdkifu - “t&ifwkef;u EdkifiHwumtqifh t*FvdyfbmomeJ@ a&;om;xkwfa0Edkifolawmfawmfrsm;rsm; awmf0ifapmfbGm;rsKd;EG,fawGbJ? tck'D ArmjynfrS o#rf;jynfya[Vd The
Shan Conundrum in Burma a&;wJhyk*~dKvfu apmfbGm;rsKd;EG,fr[kwfbl;? apmfbGm;pepfudk vHk;vHk;qef@usifwJh omrmefjynfolo#rf;jynfacgif;aqmifwOD;&J@om;ua&;w,fqdkawmh ydk+yD;a'gifhpkHavhvzwf±_Edkifr,f? t&ifuo#rf;jynfqdkif&m pmtkyfawGzwf&if'*F g;wjcrf;bJjrifr,f? tckpmtkyfzwf+yD;&if jynfol@bufu ±_a'gifhaum/ apmfbGm;bufu±_a'gifhygjrifvmr,f” [kqdk .?
t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh o#rf;jynftrsKd;om;wdk@ ta=umif;a&;om; xkwfa0zl;onfh awmf0ifrsKd;EG,frsm;rSm p0fZef@a,mifa[G@(anmifa±$apmfbGm;om;awmf) . Armjynfuo#rf;ta&; The
Shan of Burma- Chao Tzang Yawnghwe / p0fEGef;tl (&yfapmufapmfbGm;orD;awmf). aysmufqHk;oGm;aomusrurBm My Vanish-
ing World - Sao Noan Oo / p0fqkpEDN (oDaygapmfbGm;r[ma'0D). r_H&Dr_dif; wkdif;jrefrm Twilight Over Burma - Sao Thusandi of
Hsipaw / p0fqdkifrd%f; ref;±dkif; (usKdif;wHkapmfbGm;om;awmf).o#rf;jynfESifh +Adwdo#tifyg,mcsJ@xGifr_ The Shan State and Brit-
ish Annexation - Sao Saimong Mangrai ponfwkd@ jzpfygonf?
o#rf;jynfacgif;aqmifa[mif;.om;o#rf;jynfya[Vd pmtkyfxkwfa0
“usaemfwdk@vJomrefjynfolbJqdkawmh awmf0ifrsKd;EG,fawGa&;wJhpmtkyfawGbJzwf&&if olwdk@awG[m olwdk@&J@zcifbufuumuG,fa&;om;xm;w,fvdk@xifjrif,lqEdkifw,f/ tckapmfbGm;r[kwfwJh omrefjynfolwpfOD; a&;om;xkwfa0w,fqdkawmh/ tm;vHk;zwfoifhw,fvdk@wdkufwGef;csifw,f” [k qufajymjy.? pmtkyfwefzdk;rSm tar&duefa':vm 115.99$ (B 567)
jzifh a&mif;csay;aea=umif;od&onf?pma&;ol [ife&D -
atmif;'a&; at; Henry -
Andre Aye(56 ESpf)onf o#rf;jynfapmfbGm;pepfudk qef@usifwdkufcdkufol (,cifo#rf;jynfe,fOuUX) erfhcrf; OD;xGef;at;.om;jzpfonf? [ife&Donfawmif}uD;Zmwdjzpf+yD; jyifopfEdkifiH yJ&pf®r@/ tar&duefEdkifiHe,l;a,muf®r@ESifh *smr%DEdkifiH*sDeDAm®r@rsm;Y aexdkifcJhzl;onf[k pmtkyfygudk,fa&; rSwfwrf;t& od&onf? Ô
apmfbGm;rsm;a[mfeef;udpPESifh pyfvsOf;Ivnf; TpmtkyfrD;armif;xdk; jyxm;yHkrSm -
Ô a,mifa[G@ (anmifa±$) a[mfESifh rdef;Edkif; (rdk;eJ) a[mfwdk@rSvGJI trsm;pk®zzsufcHcJh&+yD;jzpf (pm - 16)
Ô 1837 Y rdkif;Edkif;(rdk;eJ)odk@a&mufcJhaom t*Fvdyfaumfr±Sifemrif;}uD; a'gufwm&pfcswfqef (British Commissioner
Dr. Richardson) u a[meef;jy\m'f acgifrdk; 7 qifh ESifhxdyfzsm;wGifa±$xD;±Sda=umif;/ ,ckxdkif;EdkifiHtwGif;awG@jrifavh±Sdonfh yv†ifxufydkcef@jim;aom a±$yv†ifvnf;±Sda=umif;a&;om;cJh (pm 86)
Ô e0w§etz ppftpdk;&u rE Wav;eef;awmfjyefvnfðyjyifrGef;rH+yD;/ a±S;Armbk&ifrsm;. yHkwleef;awmfudkvnf;tajrmuftrsm; aiGukefa=u;uscHI topfjyefwnfaqmufaomfvnf;/ oDaygapmfbGm;. Skandar aEG&moDeef;awmfudkrl *dka'gifvkyfypf (pm -126)
Shan Herald Agency for News 29
INDEPENDENCE
e0w/ etzppfAd kvfcsKyf }uD;awG&J@rdef@cGef;awGeJ@ppftpdk;&&J@owif;rD'D,mawGrSm Oya'abmiftwGif;0ifa&mufvm wJh+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@aygif; (17) zGJ@±dSa=umif;r=umc%&nf!ef; udk;um;azmfjyavh&Sdygw,f? 1989 twGif;rSm (MNDAA) udk;uef@ tzGJ@/(UWSA) 0 tzGJ@/ (NDAA) o#rf;§tcg tzGJ@/ (SSA-ajrmufydkif;)o#rf;tzGJ@/ (NDA-K)ucsif (yef0g) tzGJ@?
1991 twGif;rSm (KDA)ucsif(wyfr[m-4)tzGJ@/ (PNO)
ytdk0f;(jzL)tzGJ@/ (PSLA) yavmiftzGJ@? 1992 rSm (KNG) u,ef;cGJxGuftzGJ@? 1994 rSm (KIO) ucsiftzGJ@/ (KNLP) u,ef;tzGJ@/(KNPLF) u&ifeDtzGJ@/ (SNPLO) ytdk0f; (eD) tzGJ@? 1995 rSm(KNPP) u&ifeDtzGJ@/ (NMSP) rGeftzGJ@? 1996 rSm (MTA) o#rf;tzGJ@/ 1997 rSm (CPB) &ckdiftzGJ@/ pwJh wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkiftzGJ@tpnf; pkpkaygif; (17) zGJ@wdk@jzpf=uw,f? u&iftrsdK;om;tpnf;t&Hk; (KNU) wzGJ@wnf;omOya'abmif twGif;0ifa&mufzdk@usefawmhw,fqdk+yD; ppftpdk;&t}uD;tus,f0g'jzef@aeyg w,f?
typf&yfawGudk ppftkyfpktwef;tpm; cGJjcm;owfrSwfxm;yHk'gayr,hf ppftpdk;&u awmh (KNPP) tzGJ@udk Oya'abmiftwGif;0ifa&mufvmw,fqdkwJh +idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@(17)zGJ@ &J@trnfpm&if;uaey,fzsufjcif;rjyKygbl;// 'Duae@txdqufvuf oHk;pGJazmfjyaeygw,f?
wu,fawmhppftpdk;&utypf&yfeJ@ typfr&yfao;wJhwdkif;&if;om; vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&; tzGJ@tpnf;awGudk tpdwfpdwft r$mr$mjzpfatmif qufvufzJ@xkwfpnf;&Hk;+zdKcGJaecJhygw,f//'g a=umihf e0w§etz ppftpdk;&vufxufrSmtypftcwf &yfpJa&; tzGJ@awGeJ@vufeufcstnH@cHoGm;wJhtzGJ@awG&J@ ta&twGuf[m pkpkaygif; (40) avmuftxd ±dSwmudkawG@&ygw,f? typf&yfeJ@ vufeufcswdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkifwyfzGJ@awGxJrSm tiftm;aomif;csD&dSwJh tzGJ@}uD;(2)zGJ@/ tiftm;axmifcsD±dS wJhtzGJ@vwf (13)zGJ@eJ@ tiftm;&mcsD±dSwJhtzGJ@i,f(19) zGJ@avmufyg0ifygw,f//
aemuf+yD; q,f*%ef;avmufpDom&dSwJh yJ@xGuf§pifxGuftpkav;awGu (4§5)pkavmuf &Sdygw,f? ppftpdk;&rSm tjrpfjywfacsr_ef;a&;/ t+yD;tydkifvufeufcsa&; qdkwJh rl0g'uvGJ+yD; jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;eJ@ trsdK;om;jyefvnfpnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&; twGufwdus&Sif;vif;wJhrl0g'awG r&dSygbl;// 'gha=umihf typf&yfwdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkiftiftm;pkawGudk Oya'abmiftwGif;0ifa&mufvmwJh +idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@awGvdk@ trnfwyfvdkwyf/ typf&yftzGJ@awGeJ@vufeufcstzGJ@awGudk wwef;wnf;xm;vdkxm;/ typf&yftzGJ@awGudk bdef;bk&ifcGefqm&J@ (MTA) tzGJ@eJ@ wef;wlazmfjyvdkazmfjyeJ@pnf;rJhurf;rJh vkyfcsifovdkvkyfaewmudkawG@Edkifygw,f?ppftpdk;&u &nf!¸ef;azmfjywJh Oya'abmiftwGif; 0ifa&mufvm+yDqd kwJ h +idrf;csrf;a&;tzG J@ (17)zG J@&J@trnfpm&if;awGxJrSmppftpdk;&xH c|if;csufr¶dSvufeufcscJh&wJh bdef;bk&ifusef;csDzl; ac:
typf&yfeJ‹ vufeufcswdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkifwyfzGJ‹awGxJrSmtiftm;aomif;csD¶dSwJh tzGJ‹}uD; (2) zGJ‹/ tiftm;axmifcsD±dS wJhtzGJ‹vwf
(13) zGJ‹eJ‹ tiftm;&mcsD±dSwJhtzGJ‹i,f (19) zGJ‹avmufyg0ifygw,f
ppftpdk;& 0g'jzef@azmfjyaewJh typf&yftzGJ@ (17) zGJ@ teuf u&ifeDtrsdK;om;wdk;wufa&;ygwD (KNPP) [m e0w ppftpdk;&eJ@ typftcwf&yfpJzdk@ 1995 rwf 21 rSm oabmwlcJhygw,f/'gayr,hfe0wwyfawG ZGef 28 up+yD; (KNPP) wyfzGJ@udk xdk;ppfqifwdkufcdkufr_awGjyef vnfjyKvkyfcJhwma=umifh typftcwf&yfpJa&; oabmwlnDcsuf[m(3) vt=umrSmysufjym;oGm;cJh&ygw,f?
cGefqm OD;aqmifwJh rkefwdkif;wyfrawmf (MTA) eJ@ OD;apmxGef;OD;acgif;aqmifwJh &cdkifjynfe,fuGefjrLepfygwD wdk@udkxnf@oGif;az:jyxm;ayrJh KNU u cGJxGufcJhwJhtiftm;tawmftwef&dS 'Drdku&ufwpfu&ifAk'< (DKBA) eJ@ (MTA) tzGJ@ucGJxGufcJhwJh o#rf;jynf
pmrsufESm 38 okd‹
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30 Vol. 26, No. 255, 2009
L
awmifydkif; 0 wyf pcef;rsm; ±kyfay;&ef }wd*Hwdkif;rSL; owday;awmifydkif; 0 wyfpcef;oHk;ck tjrefqHk;±kyfay;&ef }wd*Hwdkif;
wdkif;r–; AdkvfcsKyfausmf®z; 0 wyfr–;rsm;tm;ac:ajyma=umif; e,fpyfowif;&yfuGufuqdkygonf?
ar 16-20 &ufae@ 5 &uf=um o#rf;jynfta±S@awmifydkif;odk@ }wd*Hwdkif;r–; AdkvfcsKyfausmf®z;a&muf±SdpOf awmifydkif; 0 wyfzGJ@tm; *|efvaemufqHk;xm;I - (1) e,fjcm;apmifhwyfzGJ@tjzpftoGifajymif;&ef/ (2) toGifajymif;zdk@ rvkyfEdkifygu ajrmufydkif;yefqef;XmecsKyfodk@ wyf±kyf&ef owday;cJhonfhtjyif etz t&m±Sdrsm; oGm;vm&mvrf;wav#muf±Sd 0 wyf pcef;oHk;cktm; tjrefqHk;wyf±kyfay;&ef ajymqdkcJhonf[k qkdonf?
“usaemfwdk@udk t&ifwHk;uvdk e,fjcm;apmifhwyf vkyf&ifvkyfr[kwf&if o#rf;wyfudkoGm;wdkuf/ 'grSr[kwf ajrmufydkif; 0 e,fajrbuftukefjyefvdk@rajymawmhbl;? tck[mu toGifajymif;&ifajymif;/ rajymif;&ifjyef/ rjyef&if a±SmifvGJvdk@r&bl;vdk@ajymw,f?”[k trnfraz:vdkonfh awmifydkif;0 wyfr[m 248 rS t&m±SdwOD; uqdkonf?
ppftpdk;& wyf±kyfcdkif;onfhpcef;oHk;ckrSm rdkif;wHk - yHkygusifum;vrf;rS taemufzufodk@ azgufxm;aom rdkif;u|uf - rdkif;xm;/- rdkif;awmh - yefrdkifqkefum;vrf;ay:±Sd - 1?vG,fqrfqkrfpcef;/2?usL[l;vkH;(rdkif;u|uf)pcef;/ 3?a[G@a,m0f;(yef,ef;) pcef;wdk@jzpfonf[kqdkonf?
“tjrefqHk;wyf±kyfcdkif;wJhudpPudk usaemfwdk@ bmrSta=umif;rjyefbl;? tckavmavmq,f wyfr[mr–;/ wyf&if;r–;awGvJwa,mufrSr±Sdbl;? yefqef;XmecsKyf tpnf;ta0;oGm;ae=u w,f?yefqef; qHk;jzwfcsufudkbJ usaemfwdk@ emcH&rSmbJ” [k quf ajym.?
*|efvaemufqHk;xm;I toGifajymif;a&;§wyf±kyfa&;ESifhywfoufI ta=umif;jyefay;&rnf[k AdkvfcsKyfausmf®z; udk,fwdkifajymqdkcJhojzifh &ufaygif; 40-50 twGif; awmifydkif; 0 ESifh etzqufqHa&;tvm;tvmtay: ydkrd k =um;od&rnfjzpfa=umif;xdkt&m±Sd uajymqdkonf? Ô
yefqef;a&muf 0 awmifydkif; 171 ppfa'o wyfzGJ‹wpfzGJ‹
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Shan Herald Agency for News 31
INDEPENDENCE
“etztaeeJ@ ol@vrf;jyajryHk 7 csuf&J@ toufaoG;a=umjzpfwJ@ 2008 zGJ@pnf;yHkudk vufawG@taumifxnfaz:usifhoHk;rSmu 2010 a&G;aumufyGJjzpfvdk@ol@&J@óud;yrf;csufawGudk oltqifhqifhtvkyfaeygw,f? 2008 qENcH,lyGJrvkyfcifrSmudkyJ typf&yftzGJ@awGudk yxrvufeufðzwfzdk@ pDrHcsuf±Sdygw,f? AdkvfcsKyfausmfqef;udk,fwdkifqENcH,lyGJrSmvufeufwum;um;eJ@rawG@csifbl;vdk@ajymcJhw,f?
qENcH,lyGJ ausmfjzwfvm+yD;wJ@aemuf vufeufudkiftypf&yf tzGJ@awG eudk,ftwdkif;yJ udk,fha'o udk,fhtajcaeeJ@ udk,f&yfwnf EdkifwJ@twGuf etz&J@vrf;jyajryHkratmifjrifbl;? tckvJa±G;aumufyGJOya' xkwfjyefjcif;r±Sdao;wJ@twGufvmr,fha±G;aumufyGJuvkyfjzpfr,frvkyfjzpfbl; tcsdefqGJr,f rqGJbl;qdkwmcef@rSef;vdk@r&ao;bl;?
tu,fI a&G;aumufyGJOya' xkwfvdkufr,fqdk&ifawm@xkwf+yD;wJ@aemuf ajcmufv (odk@) wpfESpftwGif; a±G;aumufyGJtrSefwu,fjzpfvmr,f? tckcsdefxd Oya'rxkwfao;wJhtwGuftrSefwu,f jzpfvmyghrvm;qdkwmvnf; oHo,jzpfrdw,f?
tem*wftajctaeuawmhetz taeeJ@olqufvuftm%m}uD;pdk;qkyfudkifa&;qufoGm;r,fhvrf;a=umif;vdk@ usaemfwdk@,lqw,f?
tJ'Dvdkydwfqdk@r_±Sdvmawmh twGif;&eftjyif&ef tm;vHk;udkol±Sif;&r,fhoabm±Sdw,f? twGif;&efjzpfwJh NLD acgif;aqmifawGeJ@ NLD awG tzGJ@tpnf;udkvHk;0v_yf±Sm;vdk@r&atmif olcsKyfudkifr,f?
typf&yfwdkif;&if;om; vufeufudkifawGudkvnf; tzGJ@i,fawGudkðzwfr,f/ tv,ftvwfawGudk =um;xm;r,f/ t}uD;awGrv_yf±Sm; Edkifatmifxdef;csKyfr,f? yHkpHtrsdK;rsdK;eJ@ csOf;uyfaewmjzpfw,f? 'gu ol@twGif;&ef?
tjyify&efusawmh e,fpyfa'otwkduftcHvkyf±Sm;r_xJrSmOya't& t"duuswJh jrefrmEdlifiHa±S@aersm;aumifpD BLC vdktzGJ@tpnf;[m etz&J@ zGJ@pnf;yHkudkOya'a=umif;t&wdkufcdkufaew,f?
etz wm0ef±SdAdkvfcsKyf}uD;awGudkEdkifiHwum&mZ0wf w&m;±Hk;wifEdkifzdk@ ukvor*~uaewpfqifh yHhydk;zdk@tcsuftvufpkaqmif;aewJhv_yf±Sm;aewJh BLC (Burma lawyer council) udk rw&m; twif;a=unmxm;w,f? BLC &J@ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;tay:zrf;0&rf;xkwf+yD; xdkif;tpdk;&udk zdtm;ay;wJ@tqifhtxd vkyfvmw,f? twGif;&ef a&m tjyif&efyg ol±Sif;aew,f?
jyifyrSmv_yf±Sm;aewJ@ twkduftcHwyfaygif;pkudk tm;enf;®yuGJatmifvkyfr,fqdkwmwGufvdk@&w,f? ,ckyHkpHtwdkif;qdk&if ppf
rSefwJh +idrf;csrf;a&; wdkif;jynfjyefvnf xlaxmifa&; / ppfrSefwJhEdkifiHa&;vrf;jyajryHkuawm@ etzar#mfrSef;ovdk acsmacsmarmarm jzpfrvmEdkifbl;vdk@ usaemfoHk;oyfygw,f?”
“vufeuftm;udk;+yD; tiftm;eJ@nD!Gwfa&;/ +idrf;csrf;a&;wnfaqmufr,f/ wdkif;jynfxlaxmifr,fqdkwJhpdwfaepdwfxm; tawG;tac:rsdK;udkppftkyfpkpGef@vGwfoifh+yDvdk@,lqw,f?
21 &mpk ppfat;wdkufyGJtvGef 'DvdkacwfumvrsdK; EdkifiHwumrSmtm;vHk;u jzpfEdkifoavmuf twlwuGomwlnDr# +idrf;csrf;pGmaexdkifwJhenf;eJ@ol@tcGifhta&;/ udk,f@tcGifhta&;/ ol@taetxm;/ udk,fh&J@taetxm; tjyeftvSefav;pm; todrSwfðy+yD;yl;aygif;aqmif ±Guf=uwJhurBmhtajctaeeJ@pmvdkuf&if yx0Dtaetxm;t&usOf;usOf;av;±SdwJhArmjynfrSmrwluGJjym; jcm;em;wJhvlrsdK;pkawGwaygif;wpnf;xJ twl+idrf;csrf;pGmaeEdkifwJh enf;vrf;±Smoifh+yD?
tEdkifusifh Adkvfus+yD; 'Dvdkowfjzwf zdESdyfaewJhenf;uawmhurBm}uD;rSm acwfr±Sdawmhbl;? 'DvdkvkyfaewJhvlrsKd;/ tzGJ@tpnf;jzpfap/ vuf±SdArmhwyfrawmfjzpfap 'DvdktzGJtpnf;awGtwGufutem*wfvHk;0raumif;bl;? jynfoluaomfvnf;aumif;/ urBmuaomfvnf;aumif; cGifhvGwfrSmr[kwfbl;? tJh'gawGudk War crime
bJac:ac: Crime against humanity bJac:ac: wpfcsdefcsdefrSm 'Dvkyf&yfawGusL;vGefwJholwdkif; jypf'%fuscH&rSmjzpfw,f? taumif;qHk;uawmh'gawGudkpGef@ vGwf+yD;+idrf;csrf;pGmtwlaeEdkifwJhenf;vrf;udk±Sm=u&ygr,f”
PPLO OuUX
“,ae@tajctaersdK;rSmtem*wfArmjynftwGufusaemfwdk@udk,fus&mwm0ef udk,fvkyf=ur,fqdk&if aemif 4 ESpftwGif; usaemfwdk@ atmifyGJawG&Edlifygw,f? 'Dvdkr[kwfbJ udk,fhAdkufwpfvHk;pm udk,fhxrif;udk,f ±Sm=uazG=ur,fqdk&if usaemfwdk@xufaemifrsdK;qufom;/ orD;/ ajr;jrpfawG ydkcHpm;&rSmjzpfw,f?
,ae@jzpfaewJ@e,fpyfa'oudpPrSm Adkvfoef;a±$u ol@jynfwGif;&efudk a±G;aumufyGJrwdkifcif jywfjywfom;om;zdESdyfxm;zdk@olqHk;jzwfxm;w,f? rESpfuvkyfcJhwJh 4 vywf wyfr–;tpnf;ta0;rSmAdkvfoef;a±$udk,fwdkifxGuf+yD;awmh 'DtzGJ@awGrv_yfEdkifatmifvkyfxm;vdk@ajymcJhw,f? 'gayr,fhwu,fwrf;awmhrjzpfygbl;?
,ae@ etzwyfu vlav;odef;ausmf±Sdw,f/ 1947 ArmhwyfrawmfzGJ@vmuwnf;u vltiftm;trsm;qHk;jzpfayrJh wdkuf&nfcdkuf&nf tpkyfjywfqHk; tedrfhqHk;/ ,ae@wyfr–;awG rsdK;cspfpdwftuif;rJhqHk;eJ@ t&nftcsif; tuif;rJ@qHk;jzpfw,f?
twGif;&ef - typf&yfftay: AdkvfrusEdkifwJ@ etz
32 Vol. 26, No. 255, 2009
LaemufxyfppfOD;pD;csKyfvm;/ 'kOD;pD;csKyfvm; wufjzpfr,fqdk
wJh rae@wae@u wyfrª;wufjzpfwJhaumifawGajymzl;wm 7 &ufeJ@0 e,fudkodrf;r,f - wJh? tckoGm;=unf@ygusaemfwdk@ zdwfac:ygw,f? wpfcsdefutwlwdkufcJhwJh 0 wyfrrª;wpfa,mufusaemf@udkajymw,f-“udkatmifausmfaZma& cifAsm;wdk@eJ@ twlwdkufcJhwkef;uvdk usaemfwdk@uwkwfusif;av;awGudk 0g;av; xif;av;awGeJ@umxm;wmr[kwfygbl;/ tckuuGefu&pfeJ@ tkwfawGeJ@yg - wJh?”
a&mufvm=uwm? usaemfwdk@uolwdk@eJ@ESpfaygif; 20 - 30 avmufwdkufcJhzl;w,f? Adkvfoef;a±$ 88 wyfrrª;b0wkef;u tjynfht0ynmay;cJhwJh Auya[mif; wyfzGJ@awGtzdk@ Adkvfoef;a±$OD;pD;+yD; wdkufrvm;vdk@ xdkifapmifhae=uw,f?
tJ'Dawmhusaemfwdk@ vdkcsifwJhtcGifhta&;rsdK;u wdkif;&if;om;tm;vHk;wlnDwJ@tcGifhta&;&zdk@u 'Dae@Adkvfoef;a±$acgif;aqmifr_atmufrSm b,fawmhrSrjzpfEdkifbl;? tJawmhpnf;pnf;vHk;vHk;eJ@tjyeftvSefn‡dEdlif;aqG;aEG;+yD; nD!GwfwJhEdkifiHopfwpfckwnfaxmifzdk@qdkwm ESpfzufpvHk;rSm oifhavsmfavsmufywfwJhacgif;aqmif±Sdzdk@vdkw,f? Adkvfoef;a±$ppftkyfpk±Sdaeor# 'DvdktajcaersdK;zefwD;EdkifrSmr[kwfbl;? jynfwGif;ppf}uD;xyf+yD;avmif®rufzdk@rsm;ygw,f?
usaemfwdk@ñuHawG@&wJhb0qdk;rsdK;om;orD;awG ajr;jrpfawGawG tzdESdyfcHb0rsKd;rwdk;apcsifbl;qdk&if wm0ef±SdwJhrdbtzdk;tzGm;vdk@udk,fhudkudk,f,lq=u&if usaemfwdk@tm;vHk;tay: zdESdyfaewJ@ppfzdeyfudk 0dkif;0ef;wGef;vSef±dkufcsdK;=uzdk@vdkygw,f?
wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkif tzGJ@acgif;aqmifawGpOf;pm;=uovdkawmufajymifwJh tem*wftwGuftrsKd;om;a&;tusKd;qufvufxrf;aqmifcsifw,fqdk&if 'Dppftm%m±Siftpdk;&rsdK;udk jywfjywfom;om;qef@usif=uygvdk@ wdkufwGef;vdkygw,f”
OD;atmifausmfaZm EkdifiHa&;ppfa&;avhvmol
(OD;cifarmifpdk; - we*FaEGaqG;aEG;cef; RFA 10/5/09)
Armwyfrª;awGudk ajymcsifwmu rwdkufcifoGm;=unf@vdkuftHk;vdk@? ,ae@e,fpyfa'o vufeufudkif tzGJ@awG[m[dkwkef;uuGefjrL epfygwDacwfuvdkudk,fha'o vGwfajrmufa&;twGufr[kwfawmhbl;? udk,fhtrsdK;om;&ydkifcGifhjzpfwJhudk,fhjynfe,feJ@udk,fhtrsdK;om; tusdK;pD;yGm;umuG,fae=uwmjzpfw,f?
Armppfwyfu *syefwyf0ifovdk 0ifr,fqdk&ifawmh awG@=uao;wmaygh? 'Dae@ArmppfwyftajctaeuvJ odwJ@twdkif;yJ txl;ojzifh 'Dav;ig;vaemufydkif;twGif; wdkufcJhwJhwdkufyGJ tawmfawmfrsm;rsm;rSm wyf&if;rª;tcsdK@awmifðywfw,f?
[dkwkef;uusaemfwdk@wdkufyGJ}uD;awG 10 &uf 15 &uf wdkufcJhwmawmifwyf&if;rª;wpfa,mufuszdk@urvG,fbl;? tck[mu xDceJ qdkwyf&if;rª;usvdkuf ppfAdkvfusvdkuf? txl;ojzihfu&ifjynfe,fawmifil - &efukef&xm;vrf; ta±S@zufjcrf;rSmqdk&if wdkufyGJawGae@ wdkif;jzpfaew,f? olwdk@ajymovdkwu,f[kwfr[kwfqdkwmolwdk@todqHk;yg?
,ae@etzawmif;qdkwJh wyftoGifajymif;a&;udpPudkjywfjywfom;om; jiif;qdk&J=uwmvJ 'DtajccHtcsufawG±Sdvdk@bJ?
Adkvfoef;a±$wdk@/ Adkvfarmifat;wdk@/ Adkvfa±$ref;qdk@qdkwmxifay:vdk@pifawmfuaumuf wmrSr[kwfbJ/ pdkifaumfvdk@òcHay:
OD;atmifausmfaZm
'DvkdusnfqHawG/ Akdvfoef;a±$wkd@ukd b,fvkdykHpHeJ@ay;rvJ´ajymif;0xJuv$wfxGuf/ w'uf'ufeJ@ay;wmatmufóuŒumurf;quf/ vufeufeJ@twltvum;,lap/ tcGifhta&;awGeJ@vJwm/ b,f[mukda±G;rvJ´?
Shan Herald Agency for News 33
INDEPENDENCE
{+yD 27 &uf[m EkdifiHausmfaw;a&;q&m a'gufwmpkdif;crf;vdwf&J@ 60 ESpfjynfharG;ae@jzpfygw,f?o#rf;/Armaw;oDcsif;tajrmuftrsm;a&;pyfoDukH;cJhwJh q&mpkdif;crf;vdwfukd ArmjynftEkynmtokdif;t0kdif;u EkdifiHausmfaw;a&;q&mtjzpf todtrSwfðycJhygw,f?o#rf;jynftrsKd;om;rsm;uaum q&mpkdif;crf;vdwfukd b,ftwkdif;twmtxd todtrSwfðyygovJ/ o#rf;jynfom;rsm;twGufq&mpkdif;crf;vdwf[m bmha=umifhpHjyyk*~KdvfjzpfygovJ?ol@&J@o#rf;trsKd;om;twGufa&m b,favmuftxdtusKd;ðyygovJ? touf 50 ausmf 0jynfZmwd 0-o#rf;ujym; aw;a&;aw;qdkqc[ udk awG@qkHar;jref;xm;ygw,f?
qc[ [m awmfvSefa&;aw;oH±Sif Freedom Way Band
Zd%f;avsm qc[ tjzpfo#rf;jynfvlxktcsKd@=um; emrnf&vm+yD; 2007 a±$0ga&mif awmfvSefa&;umvu “"rReJ @t"rRqef@usifzufESpfck” ArmoDcsif;a&;om;oDqkdcJhygw,f?
a'gufwmpdkif;crf;vdwfudk b,fwkef;ub,fvdkpwifodu|rf;vmovJ? 'grSr[kwfausmif;aezufvm;´?
“q&mpkdif;crf;vdwfukd p+yD;&if;ESD;cJhwmuawmh 1971 uusaemftygt0if wef@,ef;u 10 wef;usvli,f 3-4 a,mufrE Wav;rSmusL±SifoGm;,lw,f?rE Wav;awmifajcrSm q&mpkdif;crf;vdwfeJ@ 4-5 vavmuf twlaecJhzl;w,f? q&mpkdif;crf;vdwf&J@ zcifu odEMDapmfbGm;trwf o#rf;pmqkdawmf vkH;crf;um&J@psmyetcrf;tem;rSmq&meJ@xyfawG@w,f? vm;±_d;rSmaygh?”
q&mpdkif;crf;vdwf[m b,fvkdvlrsKd;vJ/avhvmrdoavmufajym jyay;ygvm;´?
“q&mpkdif;crf;vdwf[m ±kd;om;óud;pm;+yD; tepfemcHwJhae&mrSm usaemfwkd@twGufpHjyjzpfcJhygw,f? ol@&J@xl;jcm;r_wpfck
EdkifiHausmf aw;a&;q&ma'gufwmpdkif;crf;vdwf 60 ESpfjynf harG;ae@
u ol[mt&rf;pmzwfwJhvlwpfa,mufjzpfw,f? pm}uD;ay}uD;awGzwfw,f? t*FvdyfpmawGzwfw,f? ol@&J@ aq;ausmif;uwuUokdvfq&mwcsKd@uawmif ol@qDpmtkyfjyefiSm;zwf&w,fvkd@=um;zl;w,f? tqifjrifhtawG;tac:orm;wpfa,muf vkd@ajymvkd@&w,f? usaemfavhvmrdoavmuf rSwfcsufcs&r,fqkd&ifq&mpkdif;crf;vdwf[m acwfumva=u;rkHjyifukd xif[wfjyEkdifpGrf;±S dwJhoDcsif;a&;q&m pmqkdawmfwpfa,mufjzpfw,fvkd@,lqw,f?”
ArmjynfwckvHk;omru wdkif;&if;om;awG=um;rSm rE Wav;a&mufo#rf;wa,mufeJ@ emrnf}uD;cJhw,fvdk@ajym=uygw,f? o#rf;vlrsKd;awG=um;rSmuaum b,foDcsif;eJ@p+yD; vlodrsm;vmygovJ´?
o#rf;jynfuvlrsKd;pkeJ@ awmifay:wkdif;&if;om;awGeJ@ywfoufvm&if - txl;ojzifh o#rf;oDcsif;awGxJrSm yifvkHpmcsKyfoDcsif;qdk&if q&mhukdvlodrsm;vmapw,fvkd@ wpdwfwa'o ajymvkd@&w,f?rqvacwfv,favmufa&mufvmawmh “±Srf;awGrSwfrdao;w,f” vkd@t"dyüg,f&wJh oDcsif;jzpfw,f? 1970 aemufykdif;usawmh“rsKd;cspfpdwf"gwf±Sd=uyg”tp±SdwJh trsKd;om;a&;oDcsif;awGykdrsm;vmw,f?
q&mudk,fwdkifuaw;a&;§aw;qdkqdkawmh q&mpdkif;crf;vdwfa&;om;wJh ArmoDcsif;awG o#rf;oDcsif;awGxJu b,foDcsif;tESpf oufqHk;vJ? bma=umifh óuufESpfoufw,fqdkwmudkvJajymjyay;ygvm;´?
q&ma&;wJhArmoDcsif;awGxJrSm usaemfESpfoufrdwJhoDcsif;awGuawmh - obm0/ [rf;ikdif;vrf;/ eH&Hukd vufoD;eJ@xkd;rdw,f/ wma0;tajy;orm;- tJ'DoDcsif;awGu awmfawmfxdrdw,f? t"dyüg,fus,fjyef@w,f/ acwf &J@a=u;rkHjyifukdxif[wfapw,f? tawG;tac:av;eufw,f/ pum;vkH;awGtqifhjrifhw,fvkd@usaemfjrifw,f? usaemfESpfoufwJh o#rf;oDcsif;awGxJ rSmtenf;qkH; 5 yk'f 6 yk'f avmuf±Sdw,f? usaemfwkd@b0/ usaemfwkd@tajctae/ usaemfwkd@&nfrSef;csuf/ usaemfwkd@vkyfief;/ usaemfwkd@&J@v_yf±Sm;r_eJ@ ywfoufwJhaw; oDcsif;awG awmfawmfrsm;w,f?
q&mpdkif;crf;vdwfu o#rf;jynftvSty/ vlaer_b0 az: aqmifwJhaw;awGa&;om;wJhtjyif o#rf;trsKd;om;a&;twGuf ta&;ygwJhoDcsif;awGvnf; trsm;tjym;a&;om;cJhw,fvdk@ajymygw,f?b,foDcsif;awGu o#rf;trsKd;om;rsm;twGuf ta&;ygovJ´?
b,foDcsif;uta&;ygovJqkdawmh 'gvnf;a±G;&cuf
34 Vol. 26, No. 255, 2009
Lw,fAs? cyfrsm;rsm;ta&;ygw,fvkd@ usaemfxifw,f? tcspfeJ@ywfoufwJhaw;oDcsif;awGuvGJ&ifayghAsm?
Armtpdk;&bufu q&mpdkif;crf;vdwfudk wdkif;&if;om;emrnf}uD; aw;a&;q&mwa,muftjzpf todtrSwfðy*k%fðywmawG±Sdzl;yg ovm;´?
Armtpkd;&tqufqufrSm q&mpkdif;crf;vdwfukd w&m;0ifvlod±Sif=um;*k%fðyw,fqkdwm usaemf wcgrS r=um;rdao;ygbl;?'gayr,fh ArmtEkynmtokdif;t0kdif;/ tqkdawmf/ oDcsif;a&;q&mtausmftarmfawGxJrSm q&mhukdtodtrSwfðycsD;usL;=uw,f?Oyrmyav;ydGKif;wD;0kdif;tzGJ@wkd@/ tqkdawmf arqGdwkd@/ arcvm/a[rmae0if;/ *Dwvkvifarmifukdukd/ aw;a&;q&m/ owif;pmq&m/ ±kyf±Sif'g±kdufwm OD;0if;azwkd@ armifom&wkd@ a':trmwkd@pojzifhaygh? q&mhukdcsD;usL;=uw,f/ tm;ay;=uw,fvkd@ usaemf=um;zl;w,f?
o#rf;jynfom;rsm;uaum q&mpdkif;crf;vdwfudkb,favmuftxd todtrSwfðyygovJcifAsm;?
o#rf;jynfxJrSmawmh a±S@rD aemufrDvli,fvlvwfawGuq&mhukd av;pm;=unfndK=uw,f? txl;ojzifh rqvacwfudkrDwJhvlvwfykdif;touf 40-50 t±G,fawGaygh? e0wacwfaemufykdif;awmheJeJajymif;oGm;w,f? q&mhta=umif;ukd vli,ftcsKd@bJodw,f? usefvli,fawGodcsifrSodr,f? etzacwfrSmawmh q&mhta=umif;/ q&mhoDcsif;awGav;eufykH/ q&mhukd,fykdifoHpOf oDcsif;awG tqkdrsm;wm avsmhyg;oGm;w,fvdk@xif&w,f? txl;ojzihftouf 20 ausmfvli,fawGaygh? usaemfhq&m p0fcif;qdkifajymwmuawmh “'Duae@o#rf;oDcsif;/ ArmoDcsif; awGxJrSmem;axmifaumif;wJhoDcsif;awGrsm;vmw,f?'gayr,fh tawG;tjrifaumif;t"dyüg,fav;eufwJhoDcsif;awGavsmhenf;oGm;w,f” vdk@ajymw,f? 'gudk usaemfvufcHw,f?
q&mpdkif;crf;vdwfeJ@ywfouf+yD; tm;usp&mawGtwk,lp&mawG a0zefp&mawG±Sdygovm;´?
q&mpk dif;crf;vdwf[m usaemf h&J@vufxyfoifq&mr[kwfayr,fh pHjyvufOD;q&mjzpfw,f? q&meJ@uGJuGm cGJcGmvm+yD;aemufykdif; usaemfhtwGuf jrifq&m/ =um;q&m t+rJjzpfaeao;w,fvkd@ usaemfcH,lw,f? q&mhukd todtrSwfðycsD;usL;/ *k%f,lp&mwpfckuawmh q&mpkdif;crf;vdwf[m ppftm%m±Sif "g;rkd;}uD;pkd;wJh EkdifiHrSm ql;=um;u Al;cg;EkEk tjzpfrcHbJ xGufayguf±SmwwfwJh/rD;armif;xkd;jyEkdif pGrf;±SdwJh ol@&J@owWd/ t&nftcsif;ukd rcsD;usL;bJraeEkdifbl;? q&mhae&mrSmqkd&if usaemfwkd@ ol@vkdvkyfwwfrSmr[kwfbl;?
rsKd;cspfpdwf±Sifoefa&;aw;oDcsif;awG xkwfvkyfjzef@csDwJh Zd%f;avsmFreedom Way Band tzGJ@om;wpfOD;taeeJ@ q&mwkd@bufuq&mpkdif;crf;vdwfarG;ae@*k%fðytpDtpOf bmawG±SdygovJ´?
q&mpkdif;crf;vdwf arG;ae@*k%fðytpDtpOftwGuf 27&ufreufykdif;bkef;}uD;ausmif;rSmqGrf;uyftv–'gevkyfw,f? q&maeaumif;usrRm touf±Snfapzkd@qkawmif;ay;r,f? nykdif;tpDtpOfrSmpwdwf±_d;±Sdw,f/ tJ'DrSmq&mhausmif;aezufoli,fcsif;o#rf;jynfzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'rl=urf; a&;qGJa&;aumfrwDOuUXp0fcif;qdkif tzGifhrdef@cGef;ajymr,f? tJ'Daemuf 2008 o#rf;ESpfopful;wkef;u vef'efrSm q&mpkdif;crf;vdwfeJ@awG@qkHar;jref;cJhwJh xkdif;trsKd;orD; a'gufwmtrf;azmef;u +idrf;csrf;a&;±SmazGar#mfrSef;olaw;a&;q&mqkdwJhacgif;pOfatmufrSmu q&mpkdif;crf;vdwfta=umif;ajymw,f? tJ'Daemuf q&ma&;om;cJhwJh oDcsif;awG 10yk'fausmfukd vli,f vlvwfawGuqkd=uw,f?
aemufqHk;taeeJ@ q&mpdkif;crf;vdwf&J@ ESpf 60 jynfharG;ae@rSmq&mh twGufb,fvdkpum;rsKd; yg;vdkygovJcifAsm´?
q&mhESpf 60 jynfharG;ae@rSmwkdufwGef;csifwmuawmhrqvacwfwkef;uvkd tESpfom&av;eufwJh acwf or,vlaer_b0o±kyfaz:aw;oDcsif;awGxyfa&;apcsifw,f? tcGifhtcg óuHvkd@tajctaeay;cJh&ifjynfwGif;jynfyu usaemfwkd@awmifay:wkdif;&if;om;awG&J@ vlr_ tokdif;t0kdif;=um;xJ0ifxGufzkd@ zdwf=um;r_awG±SdcJh&if vufcHay;apcsifygw,f? ulnDay;apcsifygw,f? bmjzpfvkd@vJqkdawmh aw;*DwtEkynmu¾rSm awmifay:wkdif;&ifom;awGtwGuf q&m[m &mbifw&mewfw*kd;/ vl±$ef; tJvkdyk*~Kdvftjzpfusaemf wkd@u todtrSwfðy *k%f,lxm;wmukd;? tJ'Dvkdusaemfwkd@&J@ av;pm;*k%f,ltodtrSwfðyr_ukd q&mhtaeeJ@vufcHpOf;pm;+yD;qufvuf+yD;awmh OD;aqmifr_ay;oGm;apcsifw,fvkd@tEl;t!¸wfwkdufwGef;vkdygw,f? aus;Zl;wifygw,f?
Ô Ô Ô
etzw&m;pD&ifa&;u¾zGwfxGufjc,fvS,fujyvkd@awmifykd@rSef;rodao;wm
pm;zm;rsm;om±Sd
Shan Herald Agency for News 35
INDEPENDENCE
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aw;a&;q&m pdkif;crf;vdwf{+yD 27 &ufrSm touf 60 jynfhwJhrE Wav;+rdK@u xif±Sm;
wJhaw;a&;q&m a'gufwmpdkif;crf;vdwf&J@ aw;oDcsif;awGeJ@ tawG;pdwful;awGudk avhvmoHk;oyf=unfhvdkuf&if --
“-- wmwdkrSmcGeftm;/ wmvwfrSmtqHk;jzwf/ wma0;rSmpdwf"wf --”
wma0;tajy;orm;oDcsif;vdkygyJ? 1970 ESpfvGefyd kif;rE Wav;aq;wuUodkvfausmif;om;b0uwnf;u uAsmqefqefpmom;±dk;±dk; eJ@ q&mhudk,fydkifoHpOfoDcsif;awG[m c&D;tprSmcGeftm;tjynf@eJ@ armif;ESifvmcJ@ygw,f?
wcsdefuvGwfvyfwJh tawG;pdwful;ta=umif;t&mawGeJ@vdk&mOD;wnfcsufwnfhwnfha&mufatmifa&;wwfwJhaw;a&; q&mpdkif;crf;vdwfoDcsif;udk vl}uD;vli,fra±G; tHh=ow}uD;vufcHcJhygw,f?
a'gufwmpdkif;crf;vdufeJ@ &if;ESD;wJ@rdwfaqGwpfa,mufjzpfwJh pG,fpHk&tEkynm±Sif q&m}uD;OD;0if;azu ol@oDcsif;pmom;awGeJ@tawG; tac:awGudk tckvdkrSwfcsufcsygw,f?
“vGwfvyfr_udktajccH+yD; olajymcsifwJ@ ta=umif;t&mudkyDjyifatmifajymw,f? vGwfvyfcGifhudkav;pm;+yD; tm;±Sd±SdeJ@az: jywJhacwfopftjrifvdk@ajymcsifw,f? ola&;wJhpmawG[m t&yfom;utpcav;awGtxdem;vnfw,f?
tcspfzGJ@ &moDzGJ@udk wtm;}uD;eif;uef Excessive roman-
tic vGefvGefusL;usL; azmfusL;aewmrsdK;r[kwfyJ xdxda&mufa&mufaz: jyEdkifw,f? ±dk;om;w,f/ owWd±Sdw,f/ xda&mufatmifazmfusL;Edkifw,f/ pmvHk;awG&J@wefzdk;udk odyfem;vnfw,f?”
“-- udk,fvdkcsifwJ@ vGwfvyfr_&,f udk,fcHkrifwJ@ +idrf;csrf;r_&,f --”
q&mpdkif;crf;vduf[m oleJ@twGJnDqHk;/ '*F g;jym; wpfck&J@acgif;eJ@yef;vdkvnf;jzpfwJ@ uG,fvGefoltqdkawmfpdkif;xD;qdkifeJ@ ESpfaygif; 30 ausmfvufwGJ+yD; obm0&J@ &ifaoG;i,frsm; tzGJ@eJ@twludk,fydkif oHpOf *Dwacwfwpfacwf xlaxmifcJhygw,f? oDcsif;oHpOfawG±dk;ayr,fh pdwful;pdwfoef;aumif;aumif; ajyjypfwJhpum;vHk;toHk;E_ef;awGeJ@ a&;pyfxm;wma=umifh tcsdefumvwdkwdkav;rSmyJol@oDcsif;awGy&dwfowftay:vGrf;rdk;EdkifcJhygw,f?
oDcsif;trsm;pk[m awmifay:obm0 tvSty taiG@touf cspfjcif;arwWmawGyg+yD; ol@b0tpdwftydkif;wpfcsdK@udkvJawG@&wwfygw,f? wcsKd@oDcsif;awGqdk&ifEdkifiHa&;qefygw,f? tcspfoDcsif;vdkvdk EdkifiHa&;tbd"rRmvdkvdkeJ@ aw;a&;q&mudk,fwdkif yDjyifpGmaocsmjyrxm;ayr,fh udk,f@bmomudk,f qGJ,lcHpm;vdk@&EdkifwJh
oDcsif;vnf; trsm;}uD;yg?OyrmaiGawmifwef;odk@oDcsif;wpfyk'f/bD;eHygwf OK0122L
eJ@ tdyfpuftem;,l+yD qdkwJhoDcsif;awG[mo#rf;jynfolawG vGwfvyfr_ qHk;±_H;aewJh aqmif;yg;}uD;±Snf vdkygyJ? tJ'DxJu obm0qdkwJh oDcsif;uvnf; tcspfoDcsif;vdkvdk tcGifhta&;ydwfyifcsKyfcs,fcH&wmawGudk zGJ@qdkxm;wmawG@&ygw,f?
“-- ysHoef;wJhiSufudkolwdk@rdk@zrf;csifwm -- a±$avmiftdrfrSmaysmfvdk@r&yg - cspfwJ@aumif;uif&J@vGwfvyfr_udk±Sm --”
omrefumv#Humem;axmif&if aocsif;w&m;eJ@ tedpPoabm ajymovdkvkdeJ@ udk,hfaoG;udkpkyfaewJ@ tm%m±SifawGudk!¸ef;vdkovm; vdk@,lqEdkifwJ@ ºuufjcifeJ@vlwdk@ta=umif; oDcsif;uvnf;xl;jcm;wJh wifjyyHkav;jzpfygw,f?
“-- jcifaxmifxJrSmza,mif;wdkifrD;eJ@jcifxGef;zdk@&m }uHrvdk@vm; --atmf-- jcifxuf rif;taoG;tom; awGpkyf,laewJholudkawmifbmrSrvkyfEdkifrSawmh jcifudkab;rJhay;oifhygw,f --”
'Dvdkxl;jcm;wJh ta&;tzGJ@awGa=umifhvJ pdkif;crf;vdwf emrnfxif±Sm;vm+yD; t&ifutqdkawGom emrnfxGuf+yD; oDcsif;a&;wJh oludkrod=uwJhtpOftvmawG[m aysmufysufcJhygw,f?
OD;0if;azu - “ol@a=umifhrdk@ayg@av/ aw;a&;q&mawG&J@u¾ydk+yD;awmha±S@wef;udk a&mufvmw,f? ±dk;pif;+yD; tajccHuswJhvltrsm;tvG,fwul taiG@toufcHpm;EdkifwJh a0g[m&awGoHk;vmw,f? oleJ@wpfcsdefxJ ol@xufapmwJh olawG±Sdygao;w,f? tawmftoifhvnf;emrnf}uD;=uygw,f? odk@aomfol@acwfrSm usrSydk+yD;xif±Sm;vmw,f? ol@aemufrSma&;wJhaw; a&;q&mawGvnf;olwdk@&J@tawG;ac:eJ@ pmom;awGudk*±kpdkufvm=uw,f? ol@tawG;tac: tawmfvGrf;rkd;w,f? ol@&J@tawG;tac: ubmvJqdkawmhvlwdkif;od±SdcHpm;EdkifwJh/ vltrsm;eJ@oufqdkifwJhvltrsm;em;vnfwJh/ pmom;cHpm;csufawGeJ@ awG;awma&;pyfvm=uw,f?”
“-- pdwfupGJvnf; ±kyfraqmifom/ usnfqHawGukef ,rf;vnf;ukef tcGHomusefwJhaoewfpkyfrSm --”
q&mhorD; eef;crf;EGJ@vdwfudk zcifqDuaeb,ft&mawGvGrf;rdk; cH&wmvJvdk@ ar;=unf@ygw,f?
“crf;tay:vGrf;xm;wmawmhtrsm;}uD;ayg@? 80μ vGrf;rdk;r,f? usr&J@pHjyyk*~dKvfwpfa,mufjzpfw,f? tEkynmorm; wpfa,muftaeeJ@vJvGrf;rdk;r_±Sdw,f? tazu±dk;om;w,f t&rf;óud;pm;w,f? b,fawm@rS rkom;rajymbl;? ol@cHpm;csufawG oDcsif;xJrSmwifrubl; vlwdkif;&J@cHpm;csufudkyg ol@oDcsif;awGazmfjyEdkif
aw;a&;q&m pdkif;crf;vdwf
36 Vol. 26, No. 255, 2009
Lw,f? tv$mwdkif; vlawG&J@&ifudk pGJ+rJapEdkifw,f?
“-- rajyvnfEdlifwJ@ b0tqHk; - b0tqHk; - tdkb0tqHk; -- b,furBmtxdae&tHk;rSmvJ ´ ---”
o#rf;,Ofaus;r_eJ@ rsdK;cspfoDcsif;awG a&;pyfwJhq&m[mo#rf;trsdK;om;a&;0g'Djzpfovdk wpfcsdefuArmrkef;wD;a&; pdwf±Sdw,fvdk@=um;zl;wJh ajymoHqdkoHawGeJ@ywfouf+yD; orD;jzpfoleef;crf;EGJ@vdwfu-
“r[kwfygbl;/ ol@trsdK;om;a&;twGufolvkyfwm[mArmrkef;wD;a&;r[kwfbl;? oludk,fwdkifvJ Armrwpfa,mufudk ,lxm;wmyJav? wdkif;&if;om;wdkif;udkolcspfygw,f? b,fol&,fvdk@olcGJjcm;r_r±Sdbl;? olajymwmuawmh vlwdkif;[mudk,fcsif;pmpdwfxm;=u&ifaumif;w,fwJh”
“--'gayr,fhvJ ae&mcsif;awmhrvJygbl; awmifay:om;wpfa,mufjzpf&wm*k%f,lcsifygw,f -- rE Wav;a&muf o#rf;wpfa,muf&J@tjzpf[mrvG,fygvm;--”
q&mh&J@pdwfaeoabmxm;udk teD;uyfb,fvdkjrif&vJvdk@eef;crf;EGJ@vdwfudk qufar;=unfhawmh --
“ol@b0rSm olwefzdk;txm;qHk;t&mu ±kd;om;r_eJ@ ±Sifoefw,f? olvdrfnmrajymbl;? rrSefwmrvkyfbl;? olrsm;tay:vSnfhzsm;aumufuspfr_r±Sdbl;? &wmeJ@a&mifh&Jwif;wdrfw,f”
“-- a±$pkvnf; rrufarm -- aiGpkvnf; rrufarm--a&wpf cGufyJ pdwfapm --”
q&m[m usef;rma&;csKd@wJh=um;u oDcsif;a&;pma&;rysufwJh ta=umif;/ 'gayr,fhtckvdkacwf}uD;rSm q&mhoDcsif;awGudk 0,fqdkol±Sm;yg;vma=umif; ZeD;jzpfol a'gufwma':EGJ@EGJ@wifuajymygw,f?
“q&mhoDcsif;u tckacwfrSm0,f+yD;qdkr,fhvl odyfr±Sdygbl;?tvum;&&ifawmhqdkr,fhvl±SdrSmaygh? acwfuajymif;oGm;+yDav?olwdk@ Hip-hop awGbmawG qdk=uw,fav? tcky&dwfowf uvJvli,f y&dwfowfrsm;w,f? wu,fwrf;u csD;ajr‡mufwJhvlawmifr±Sdcsifbl;?”
“ -- tcef;aemufu pm;yGJay:wifxm;wJh qkwHqdwfawGzkefwufawmhatmifjrifr_awG rae@usefcJh+yD ---”
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acwfpepfqdk;awG=um; oufvHkaumif;aumif;eJ@ajy;aewJhwma0;tajy;orm; aw;a&;q&mpdkif;crf;vdwf[m o#rf;vdk ArmvdkoDcsif; 1000 eD;yg;eJ@ t*Fvdyfvkdtyk'fa& 35 yk'f a&;cJh+yDvdk@vnf;od&ygw,f?
aw;a&;q&m a'gufwmpdkif;crf;vdwf usef;rmpGmeJ@ aemufxyf oDcsif;aumif;awG tajr‡muftrsm; a&;pyfEdkifygap?
udk!dk (RFA - 25/4/09)
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- vlol/ vufeuf/ wyf&if;/ wyfzGJ@tiftm;tm;vHk;owif;ydk@&ef/
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twGuf ppftpdk;&wyfrSyg0ifulnD&ef- vufeufcJ,rf;/ vpm/ pm;eyf&duQmrsm;tm;vHk;
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vomtcsdefay;Edkifonf - [kqkdygonf?
“wyfjyefzG J@pnf;zd k@ 6 vbJtcsdefay;w,fqdkwmuatmufwdkbm txdayghAsm? typf&yfoufwrf;umv ukefqHk;+yDqdkawmh olwdk@oabmtwdkif; rvdkufavsm&if jyefcsawmhr,fqdkwJhoabmvm;” [kqdk.?
uE Wm&0wDwdkif;rf KT owif;xkwfjycsuft& u&ifeDjynfYvnf; uvvo KNPLF typf&yftzGJ@rS ppftpdk;&xHvlolvufeuf tiftm;pm&if;ay;ydk@xm;+yD;jzpfaoma=umif;/*|efvrSpI ppftpdk;&xkwfay;onfh vpmrsm;&±Sdrnf jzpfa=umif;azmfjyxm;ygonf?
,cifESpfuvnf;2008 =o*wfpf aemufqHk;xm;+yD; +idrf;tzGJ@rsm;vufeufcs&ef umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfatmufae&ef ppftpkd;& 'uf('f)vdkif;ay;cJhzl;aomfvnf; ,ae@txd etz t}uHtpnf txrajrmufcJha=umif;/ tckvnf; TyHkpHtwdkif; qufoGm;EdkifzG,f±Sda=umif; EdkifiHa&;avhvmol tcsKd@uoHk;oyf=uygonf?Ô
pmrsufESm 17 rS
Shan Herald Agency for News 37
INDEPENDENCE
u&iftrsKd;om;tpnf;t±kH; KNU u u&ifAk'<bmomeJ@c&pf,mefwyf ESpfjcrf;uGJoGm;wJhaemufydkif; uae@txdtcsif;csif;wdkufyGJqufwdkufqifEGJaewm[m ppftpdk;&tm%moufqkd;±Snfa&;twGuf vkyfay;aeovkdjzpfa=umif; ppftpdk;&udkqef@usifwdkufcdkufaewJh tzGJ@tpnf;awGuqdkygw,f? {+yD 6 &uf reufydkif;uArmppftpdk;&ppfa=umif;u typf&yf DKBA u&ifAk'<bmomtzGJ@udkOD;aqmif+yD; KNU&J@ a0gavcD;wyfpcef;ukd xdk;ppfqifwdkufcd kufpD;eif;odrf;yd kufcJ hygw,f? wbufwvrf;uvnf; rwfcsfaESmif;ydkif;u ppftpkd;&0ef}uD;csKyf 'kAkdvfcsKyf}uD; odef;pdefeJ@ EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD; OD;^m%f0if;wdk@ukd xdkif;EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;u oGm;a&mufawG@qHkwkef; etz eJ@ KNU =um; aphpyfjzefajzay;zkd@ ppftpkd;&zufu wdkufwGef;xm;wJhtwGuf {+yD 7 &ufae@rSm KNU udk,fpm;vS,feJ@ xdkif;EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;wkd@awG@qHk aqG;aEG;cJh=uygw,f?
bmha=umifhu&iftcsif;csif; wdkufcdkufaeygovJ? ±Srf;jynftrsKd;om;awG=um;rSma&m u&ifvdkjzpf&yfrsKd;±SdcJhzl;ygovm;? EGm;uGJ&if usm;qGJwJh qdk±kd;twdkif; wdkif;&if;om;awGjzpfae+yDvm;?o#rf;oHawmfqifhu SSA acgif;aqmifAdkvfr–;}uD; ,Gufppfudkar;jref;xm;ygw,f?
u&iftrsKd;om;tpnf;t±kH;KNU eJ@ etzawG@qHkEdkifatmif xdkif;=um;0ifay;r_tay: b,fvdkoHk;oyfygovJcifAsm;?
“rae@u KNUeJ@ xdkif;EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD; rpPwm uqpfzd±Grf;wdk@awG@qHkw,fqdkwm taygif;vuQ%maqmifygw,f? etzeJ@KNU t=um;ppfrSefwJhawG@qHkaqG;aEG;r_ jzpfvmcJh&if ydkawmifaumif;ygw,f? 'gayrJhusaemfhtjrifuawmh atmifjrifzdk@tvm;tvmrawG@&bl;? etzuvrf;a[mif;twdkif;bJ av#mufaeawmh KNUtwGufvJ bmrStusKd;±SdrSm r[kwfbl;”
KNU wdk@vdk xdkif;tpdk;&eJ@awG@qHkzdk@ wbufbufu urf;vSrf;xm;wmrsKd;aum ±Sdygovm;cifAsm;?
“xdkif;tpdk;&eJ@ jzpfjzpf etzppftpdk;&eJ@bJjzpfjzpf b,ftcsdefrqdkawG@qHkzdk@ usaemfwdk@t+rJwHcg;zGifhóudqdkw,f? w&m;0ifurf;vSrf;r_rsKd;awmhr±Sdao;bl;?”
xdkif;buf EdkifiHa&;oHk;oyfolawGawmh etzppftpdk;&u KNU
udkwdkufcdkufodrf;oGif;+yD;&if SSA eJ@ KNPP bufjr‡m;OD;vSnfhvmr,fvdk@ajymqdkae=uw,f? 'gudk b,fvdkjyifqifxm;ygovJcifAsm;?
“jzpfEdkifygw,f? usaemfwdk@bufawmh apmapmuajymwJhtwdkif;bJ awG@qHkzdk@ 24 em&Dvufurf;óudaeovdk wu,f wrf;etzbufu aqG;aEG;r_rvkyfvdkbJ wdkufcdkufzdk@csDwuf vmr,fqdk&ifvJ usaemfwdk@bufu tqifhoifhygbJ”?
EGm;uGJ&ifusm;qGJvdrfhr,fu&iftcsif;csif;wdkufcdkufaewmudk EdkifiHa&;avhvmapmifh=unfhae=uwJhyk*~dKvfawmfawmfrsm;rsm;u ppftpdk;& oyfv#Kdr_ aoG;cGJr_vdk@ ajym=uw,f? tJ'Dtay: b,fvdkajymvdkygovJcifAsm;?
“[kwfygw,f? tck u&iftcsif;csif; wdkufcdkufaewm ppftpdk;&a=umifhbJ? Ak'<u&if DKBA u etztm%moufqdk;±Snfa&;twGufvufudkif'kwf±kyfao;jzpfaewmudkusaemfpdwfraumif;jzpfrdw,f?usaemfwdk@udk,fawG@bJ 2002 / 2005 wkef;u UWSA
udkpnf;±kH;+yD; etzu usaemfwdk@XmecsKyfudkcsDwufwdkufcd kufcJhzl;w,f? ig;=uif;qDeJ@ ig;=uif;a=umfwmbJ? 'gudkusaemfwdk@wdkif;&if;om;awGu oifcef;pmr,lbJ tcsif;csif;cdkuf&efjzpfyGm;uGJ+yJaer,fqdk&if EGm;uGJ&ifusm;qGJr,f qdk±kd;twdkif;bJ? etzpdwfóudufayghAsm?”
etzppftpdk;&u wbufuvJawG@qHkaqG;aEG;zdk@ xdkif;tpdk;&udk=um;0ifay;ckdif;w,f? aemufwbufrSm KNU udk xdk;ppfqifaew,f/ 'DudpPb,fvdkajymvdkygovJ?
“trSefwu,fawG@qHkzdk@ etz qEN±Sdr,fqdk&if xdk;ppfqifaewm&yfwef@xm;&r,f? ppftpdk;&[m KNU tay:ppfqifa&;ESpfrsKd;w®yifeufvkyfaew,f? yxru pdwf"gwfppfqifa&;/'kwd,tcsufuawmh ppftiftm;oHk;xdk;ppfqifwmbJ? u&iftrsKd;om;xkwckvHk;udk usaemfwdkufwGef;csifygw,f? tckDKBA [m
pmrsufESm 38 okd‹
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KIA ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf/ (PSLA) yavmifjynfe,fvGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf/ (SSA) &Srf;jynf wyfrawmf(ajrmufydkif;)/ (SSNA) o#rf;jynftrsdK;om;wyfrawmf/ (SNPLO)
o#rf;jynfvlrsdK;aygif;pHk jynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;tzGJ@/ (KNLP)
u,ef; jynfopfy gwD / (KNPLF) u&ife D vlrs d K ;aygi f ;p H kjynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;wyfOD;eJ@ (NMSP) rGefjynfopfygwD wdk@uawmh olwdk@udk,f olwdk@ “typftcwf&yfpJa&;tzGJ@” awGvdk@cH,lxm;=u+yD; usefwJhtzGJ@awGudkawmh “+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@” awGvdk@oabmxm;ygw,f?
xufatmifausmf DVB
pmrsufESm 29 rS
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o#rf;jynfrsKd;cspfwpfOD;(2/3/2009)
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o#rf;oHawmfqifh 16/4/2009
pmrsufESm 37 rS
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